THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON THE KINETICS OF PLASMA NONESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS IN GROWING HEREFORD HEIFERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. EISEMANN ◽  
D. E. BAUMAN ◽  
A. C. HAMMOND ◽  
P. J. REYNOLDS ◽  
H. F. TYRRELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words Growth Hormone ◽  
Kinetics Of

The influence of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on the irreversible loss and oxidation rate of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was evaluated in six Hereford heifers fed at near-maintenance energy intake. Subcutaneous injection of bGH increased both the concentration (P < 0.05) and irreversible loss (P < 0.001) of plasma NEFA. Key words: Growth hormone, nonesterified fatty acids, cattle

THE DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOPITUITARISM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ESTIMATION OF PLASMA NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. WILKINSON ◽  
R. HALL ◽  
A. COOPER ◽  
D. J. NEWELL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
No Value ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Sugar Levels

SUMMARY Plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels during a standard insulin sensitivity test have been compared in hypopituitary and hospital control patients who had undergone full routine pituitary investigations. Significant impairment of the recovery of plasma NEFA levels after insulin injection was found in the hypopituitary group as a whole, but this finding was not consistent in individual cases. It is concluded that the measurement of NEFA levels is of little value in the diagnosis of mild hypopituitarism. Blood sugar levels after insulin were of no value in the diagnosis of minor degrees of hypopituitarism. In 19 patients with mild hypopituitarism the order of frequency of deficiency of individual hormones, as judged by tests currently available, was gonadotrophins followed by growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and antidiuretic hormone.

CERTAIN BLOOD CONSTITUENTS OF A LIZARD DURING HIBERNATION AND ACTIVITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zain-ul-Abedin ◽  
B. Katorski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), plasma esterified fatty acids (EFA), plasma protein, and blood nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) were measured in a lizard, Uromastix hardwickii, both during activity and hibernation. In hibernating lizards the blood glucose and plasma protein levels were unaltered, plasma NEFA and EFA almost doubled, and the NPN of the protein-free filtrate prepared with trichloroacetic acid was decreased by 15%, whereas that determined on the zinc sulfate – sodium hydroxide filtrate was unaltered. These findings are discussed in relation to possible energy sources during hibernation and the transport of lipids to abdominal fat: pads.

Seasonal Variation in Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acids of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Vicinity of Hydroelectric Facilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2440-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. McKinley ◽  
T. D. Singer ◽  
J. S. Ballantyne ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Nefa Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Species

To establish the effects of hydroelectric generation on the health of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), seasonal variations in plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) upstream and downstream from hydroelectric stations were measured over a 2-yr period. Plasma NEFA profiles were also compared up- and downstream of the stations for differences in utilization of individual NEFA species as substrates for lipid oxidation. Significantly higher levels of total plasma NEFA were found in lake sturgeon upstream (2355 ± 395.9 nmol/mL) compared with those downstream (798 ± 133.5 nmol/mL) of the generating stations during the spring. The NEFA profiles for several key fatty acid species differed significantly among seasons up- and downstream of the facilities. In particular, during spring and summer, the levels of oleic acid (18:1n9) were highest upstream of the stations and levels of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), were higher below rather than above the stations. The differences in plasma NEFA concentration may be attributed to altered nutritional status due to the varying flow regime located downstream of the hydroelectric stations.

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factors and cottonseed meal on hormones and metabolites in plasma from lambs fed lucerne chaff ad libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Sainz ◽  
BJ Hosking ◽  
FJ Hart ◽  
GSG Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was part of an experiment on the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on growth in lambs fed lucerne chaff. Forty-eight crossbred lambs were fed lucerne chaff ad libitum, alone or with a cottonseed meal supplement (CSM; 300 g/day). Eight lambs from each group were injected twice daily with recombinant or synthetic GRF (rGRF and sGRF respectively; 30 8g per kg body weight/day) or excipient only for 28 or 30 days. Jugular blood samples were obtained on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. On day 29, blood samples were taken from selected lambs (n = 2/group) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160 and 240 min after injection. Supplementation of lucerne chaff with CSM generally increased glucose and urea concentrations in plasma, reflecting improved energy and protein status. However, concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin were unaffected by CSM, as were plasma proteins, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids. Injection of rGRF and sGRF stimulated secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin. Peak GH concentrations (20 min) following injection of GRF appeared to be higher in lambs fed CSM than in those receiving lucerne chaff alone. In contrast, maximal concentrations of IGF-1 were seen after 14 days of treatment. These changes were accompanied by increased plasma glucose, with no changes in triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids and protein. Plasma urea was reduced by GRF, indicating that amino acids were diverted away from catabolism towards protein synthesis. These two sources of GRF were very similar in their endocrine and metabolic effects. This confirms similar observations regarding their effects on growth performance and carcass composition.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Plasma Zinc and Its Influence on Thrombotic Risk in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10140
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Hierons ◽  
Jordan S. Marsh ◽  
Dongmei Wu ◽  
Claudia A. Blindauer ◽  
Alan J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Disease Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Coagulation Proteins ◽  
Thrombotic Complications

Thrombosis is a major comorbidity of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite the development of numerous effective treatments and preventative strategies to address thrombotic disease in such individuals, the incidence of thrombotic complications remains high. This suggests that not all the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these events have been identified or targeted. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are increasingly regarded as a nexus between obesity, insulin resistance, and vascular disease. Notably, plasma NEFA levels are consistently elevated in obesity and T2DM and may impact hemostasis in several ways. A potentially unrecognized route of NEFA-mediated thrombotic activity is their ability to disturb Zn2+ speciation in the plasma. Zn2+ is a potent regulator of coagulation and its availability in the plasma is monitored carefully through buffering by human serum albumin (HSA). The binding of long-chain NEFAs such as palmitate and stearate, however, trigger a conformational change in HSA that reduces its ability to bind Zn2+, thus increasing the ion’s availability to bind and activate coagulation proteins. NEFA-mediated perturbation of HSA-Zn2+ binding is thus predicted to contribute to the prothrombotic milieu in obesity and T2DM, representing a novel targetable disease mechanism in these disorders.

Novel experimental protocol to increase specific plasma nonesterified fatty acids in humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. E18-E24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Beysen ◽  
Abigail K. Belcher ◽  
Fredrik Karpe ◽  
Barbara A. Fielding ◽  
Emilio Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Abundant Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Dose Heparin

This study reports a novel protocol to increase plasma monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in eight healthy volunteers (age 29–54 yr, body mass index 23–26 kg/m2). This was achieved by feeding small boluses of fat at different time points (35 g at 0 min and 8 g at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 min) in combination with a continuous low-dose heparin infusion. Olive oil, safflower oil, or palm stearin were used to increase monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, or saturated NEFAs, respectively. Plasma NEFA concentrations were increased for 2 h, when fat and heparin were given (olive oil: 745 ± 35 μmol/l; safflower oil: 609 ± 37 μmol/l, and palm stearin: 773 ± 38 μmol/l) compared with the control test (no fat and no heparin: 445 ± 41 μmol/l). During the heparin infusion, 18:1 n-9 was the most abundant fatty acid for the olive oil test compared with 18:2 n-6 for the safflower oil test and 16:0 for the palm stearin test ( P < 0.01). The method described here successfully increases several types of plasma NEFA concentrations and could be used to investigate differential effects of elevated individual NEFAs on metabolic processes.

scholarly journals Diurnal variation in the effects of insulin on blood glucose, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and growth hormone

Diabetologia ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gibson ◽  
L. Stimmler ◽  
R. J. Jarrett ◽  
P. Rutland ◽  
M. Shiu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Plasma

PLASMA NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACID LEVELS IN HYPOPITUITARY SUBJECTS

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. B. STAMP
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

SUMMARY Changes in the plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in a group of patients with proven hypopituitarism have been compared with those found in control subjects during prolonged fasting, after the injection of insulin and after the oral administration of glucose with and without the previous administration of insulin. During a 4 hr. prolongation of an overnight fast plasma NEFA levels increased at a significantly slower rate in the patients with hypopituitarism. The intravenous injection of insulin was followed by a prompt fall in NEFA levels in the control group, and by a rapid return to or above original values. The recovery was consistently and markedly impaired in the patients with hypopituitarism and this abnormality differentiated them more clearly from the normal subjects than the abnormality in their plasma sugar response to insulin. The patients with pituitary hypofunction had a flat plasma sugar curve after the oral administration of glucose, but there were only minor differences from the normal plasma NEFA levels. Previous insulin administration impaired glucose tolerance in normal subjects and resulted in a more rapid late return of NEFA levels than after the administration of glucose alone. This late rise in NEFA did not occur in the hypopituitary group. The results obtained support the concept that pituitary integrity is required for normal fat mobilization. The consistency of the changes suggests that tests based on plasma NEFA measurements may provide a useful indirect means of diagnosing pituitary hypofunction.

Changes in blood glucose and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in relation to body condition scores in periparturient purebred Sahiwal cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Khune ◽  
Sharad Mishra ◽  
M.D. Bobade ◽  
V. Bhagat ◽  
Nishma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The blood glucose and the plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were estimated during extended transition period (56 days prepartum to 84 days postpartum) in relation to body condition scores in 26 purebred Sahiwal cows, 13 cows each from two farms i.e. the BMEF and CBF, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh. BMEF herd concentrate was not fed to the animals during prepartum stage. In BMEF, the mean BCS at periodical intervals was significantly less than that of CBF herd throughout the transition period. The postpartum mean unit loss in BCS of the cows of BMEF herd (0.54±0.09) was significantly higher than that of CBF cows (0.52±0.09). The unit change in BCS was higher in magnitude till 42 days post partum in the cows of BMEF whereas it was lower in the cows of CBF. Non significantly higher mean blood glucose concentration was observed in the cows of BMEF (61.46±16 mg/dl) than the cows of CBF. The blood glucose level in both the herds was lower than as fore set range. The post partum mean NEFA concentration (0.138±0.015 mM/l) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than prepartum mean NEFA concentration (0.089±0.11mM/l) in BMEF cows however in CBF cows it remained same and differed non significantly. The overall mean plasma NEFA concentration in BMEF (0.116±0.010 mM/l) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those of CBF (0.050±0.005 mM/l). In the cows of BMEF, NEFA value was higher than that of CBF and hence indicated a trend of reduction in BCS after calving. During prepartum period in BMEF and CBF cows, blodd glucose and plasma NEFA were negatively (with low “r”) correlated with BCS.

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