INFLUENCE OF BREED ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF EWES TREATED WITH FLUOROGESTONE-ACETATE-IMPREGNATED INTRAVAGINAL SPONGE AND PREGNANT MARE'S SERUM GONADOTROPHIN DURING THE BREEDING SEASON

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
L. AINSWORTH ◽  
D. P. HEANEY
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Outcome ◽  
The North ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Significant Difference

The influence of breed on the reproductive performance of 454 mature ewes treated with fluorogestone acetate (FGA)-impregnated intravaginal sponges and pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) to induce synchronized estrus during the breeding season was studied from 1978 to 1980 at a single location under field conditions. Fertility and fecundity after breeding at the synchronized estrus were, respectively, 79 and 145% for Polled Dorset, 51 and 94% for Suffolk, and 65 and 113% for North Country Cheviot breeds. The fertility and fecundity of the Polled Dorset were significantly higher than those of the Suffolk, but the North Country Cheviot was not significantly different from Polled Dorset and Suffolk breeds. There was no significant difference among the breeds with respect to prolificacy. Significant year-to-year variation in fertility and fecundity, but not in prolificacy, was observed among breeds with respect to FGA-PMSG treatment at the synchronized estrus. We conclude that the use of FGA-impregnated intravaginal sponge and PMSG treatment with appropriate breeds of sheep may further enhance the reproductive outcome of breeding at the synchronized estrus during the breeding season. Key words: Breeds, sheep, FGA sponge, PMSG, reproduction

APPLICATION OF CONTROLLED REPRODUCTION TO SHEEP FLOCKS IN NEWFOUNDLAND

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
L. AINSWORTH ◽  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
A. N. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Controlled Reproduction

A 3-yr study demonstrates that commercially acceptable reproductive performance can be achieved in breeding sheep following the application of a fluorogestone-acetate- (FGA-) impregnated intravaginal sponge and pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) treatment to induce a synchronized estrus under field conditions. Overall fertility, prolificacy and fecundity levels of 76%, 1.92 and 148%, respectively, resulted from breeding at the synchronized estrus, and 94%, 1.86 and 175%, respectively, due to breeding at the synchronized and subsequent estruses in the breeding (fall) season. In the nonbreeding (spring) season, these responses were 51%, 1.73 and 88%, respectively, at the synchronized estrus, and 63%, 1.61 and 109%, respectively, due to breeding at the synchronized and subsequent estruses. Significant farm-to-farm variation was observed with reproductive performance ranging from 77 to 100% for fertility, 1.45 to 2.74 for prolificacy, and 134 to 274% for fecundity in the estrous season. There were no significant differences among farms after synchronization and breeding during the anestrous season. Key words: Sheep, synchronization, fluorogestone acetate, pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin, season, farm flocks.

110 EFFECT OF MELATONIN TREATMENT ON LIBIDO AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF DROMEDARY CAMEL BULLS OUT OF THE BREEDING SEASON

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Swelum ◽  
I. Saadeldin ◽  
H. Ba-Awadh ◽  
A. Alowaimer
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Changes

The reproductive performance of camels is poor and has remained a major obstacle to the growth of dromedary populations. The limited breeding season is one of the most important causes of the poor reproductive performance. In seasonal animals, melatonin is the chemical messenger that allows the perception of daylight length changes. Commercial melatonin products have been developed for the manipulation of seasonal breeding in animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of melatonin implantation on libido, serum melatonin, and testosterone concentrations in dromedary camels during the non-breeding season (June and July). Ten camel bulls were used in the 35-day-long trial; 5 of them were implanted with 30 Melovine® implant (Ceva, Libourne, France) subcutaneously on Day 0, whereas the other 5 camel bulls remained untreated as a control. Libido was evaluated weekly in response to oestrous-induced female camels treated with oestrogen (1 mL Oestrocon; oestradiol benzoate 5 mg mL−1) 2 days before assessment of libido. Libido was scored as follows: 0 = not interested: the male did not show any libido; 1 = low interested: the male went near the female and showed low frequency of sniffing and flehmen; 2 = interested: the male went near the female, it showed sniffing, flehmen, grinding of teeth/whistling, yawning; 3 = high interested: the male went near the female and was very agitated, it showed sniffing, flehmen, grinding of teeth/whistling, yawning, urination, and tail raising. It stood with open legs, and poll gland secretion and neck rubbing were observed; 4 = excited, like 3, but the male showed blatering and dulaa extrusion, was very excited, stood with open legs, high poll gland secretion and neck rubbing were observed. Blood samples were collected weekly. Serum melatonin and testosterone concentrations were evaluated using commercial ELISA kits. Comparisons among groups were evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA, using SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). A difference was considered significant at the P < 0.05 level. The results revealed that at Day 0, all camel bulls in 2 groups had no libido and there was no significant difference in the melatonin or testosterone levels in the 2 groups. The libido increased gradually in the melatonin group and reached the maximum (3–5) at week 4 and week 5. The control group had low libido (0–1) along the trial. Statistically, the libido was significantly higher in the melatonin group than control group. Additionally, testosterone levels were significantly higher in melatonin group than control group, especially in the fourth week of the present trial (565.07 ± 33.04 pg mL−1 and 458.49 ± 25.36 pg mL−1, respectively). In conclusion, melatonin implantation in the non-breeding season significantly improved the libido and the reproductive performance of dromedary camel bulls. Therefore, it may be possible to improve the reproductive efficiency of camels by extending the breeding season through treatment with melatonin during the non-breeding season.

Effects of dietary supplements of folic acid on reproductive performance in ewes

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Méthot ◽  
C. L. Girard ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
F. W. Castonguay
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Folic Acid Supplement ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this project was to assess the impact of periconceptional folic acid supplementation on the reproductive performance of prolific and non-prolific ewes, in the estrous and anestrous seasons. Two initial trials took place during the estrous season at two experimental sites where 38 Dorset and 39 half-Finn half-Dorset ewes (site A) as well as 80 Dorset ewes (site C) were divided into two groups receiving either 0 or 210 mg ewe-1 d-1 of folic acid over a period which extended from 21 d premating to 30 d postmating. Three other trials were conducted in the anestrous season where 80 Dorset ewes (site A), 56 half-Romanov ewes (site B) and 78 Dorset ewes (site C) were subjected to the same protocol as the one used in the breeding season. In all the trials, the folic acid supplement increased plasma and red cell folates, but had no effect on fertility, embryonic mortality, or the size or weight of the litter at birth. Folic acid supplementation did not improve the reproductive performance of prolific and non-prolific ewes, either in the estrous season or in the anestrous period. Key words: Ewes, reproduction, vitamins, folic acid, fertility, prolificacy

GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF GILTS RAISED UNDER SUPPLEMENTARY INFRARED OR MICROWAVE HEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. MORRISON ◽  
K. L. LAFOREST ◽  
I. McMILLAN ◽  
L. OTTEN ◽  
D. C. T. PEI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age At First Breeding ◽  
Microwave Heat

Forty-eight newly weaned gilts with an average weight of 7.34 kg were randomly allocated in groups of four to either continuous infrared (CI), operant infrared (OI) or operant microwaves (OM) for 12 or 13 d. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatments for average total weight gain or average feed:gain. Pigs allowed OM demanded heat less often (P < 0.05) than the OI pigs (6.50 min h−1 vs. 14.56 min h−1, respectively). All pigs were then raised under normal conditions until puberty and bred. Various reproductive parameters were studied. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatments for the age of the gilts at first breeding. However, the gilts raised under OM were significantly (P < 0.05) older at time of farrowing than the gilts raised under CI. More of the OM gilts required a second service. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between gilts raised under OM vs. OI, nor between gilts raised under OI vs. CI for age at farrowing. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between replicates for age at first breeding and age at farrowing. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatments or replicates for average number of piglets born alive (overall group mean: 8.5 piglets, ± 2.57), live vs. dead piglets, males vs. females, or average 21-d piglet weights (overall group mean: 5.47 kg, ± 1.00). Key words: Operant conditioning, gilts, microwave, reproduction

scholarly journals VARIATIONS IN AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND GROWTH PARAMETERS IN YEARLING BEEF BULLS IN SINGLE-SIRE MATING AT PASTURE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
A. FARID ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
M. A. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Beef Bulls

Yearling bull fertility, measured as pregnancy rate, percentage of calves born during the first 4 and 6 wk of calving and mean and median of calving date distribution, were studied in 109 single-sire breeding herds of two breed groups over a 10-yr period. The breed groups were Herefords bulls mated to purebred and crossbred Hereford cows, and Beef Synthetic bulls mated to Beef Synthetic cows. The bulls averaged 14 mo old at the start of breeding. The average bull-to-cow ratio was approximately 1:22, and the breeding season started on 1 July each year and extended for 60 d. Two out of 109 bulls (1.8%) were subfertile (less than 50% pregnancy of the herd). The Beef Synthetic, which had crossbred foundation, had significantly higher fertility, calved earlier, had smaller phenotypic variance, and lower year-to-year fluctuation in the reproductive traits than the Hereford. Variations in reproductive performances of bulls of the same breed group used in the same year were much larger than those among different years, the former comprised over 75% of phenotypic variance of the traits in the two breed groups. Relationships between fertility of bulls and their weight and growth parameters were negligible, but bull fertility tended (P < 0.10) to improve with age. Bulls that were heavy at weaning, end of feedlot test and breeding settled their mates earlier during the breeding season. Key words: Beef cattle, yearling bull, fertility

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima ◽  
José Vanglesio de Aguiar ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa ◽  
Vital Pedro da Silva Paz
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caixa Postal ◽  
Water Depths

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1       Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima José Vanglesio de Aguiar Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa Universidade Federal do Ceará – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola. Campus do Pici. Bloco 804. CEP 60455-760 – Fortaleza-CE Vital Pedro da Silva Paz Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz – Departamento de Engenharia Rural, bolsista da FAPESP. Av. Pádua Dias, 11 – Caixa Postal 11. 13418-900 – Piracicaba-SP       1 RESUMO       O caupi é um dos cultivos mais tradicionais do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, constituindo alimento básico nestas regiões. Com este trabalho foi possível estabelecer relações entre a quantidade de água aplicada e produtividade de grãos, para três variedades de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes lâminas de água. Para caracterização das lâminas de água foi utilizado um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional em linha. O controle da irrigação foi realizado a partir de tensiômetros instalados à 15 cm de profundidade. Os resultados mostraram que: i) a cultivar João Paulo II apresentou melhores resultados de produtividade para as lâminas de água aplicadas que variaram de T1 = 291,8 mm a T5 = 141,2 mm; ii) sob condições de reduzida disponibilidade de água, ou seja, menor lâmina aplicada, não ocorreu diferença estatística  para a produtividade entre as cultivares estudadas; e iii) para as condições do estudo, a cultivar Setentão apresentou a menor taxa de redução do produto marginal.       UNITERMOS: caupi, irrigação, função de produção       LIMA, G. P. B., AGUIAR, J. V., COSTA, R. N. T., PAZ, V. P. S. Responses OF cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata L Walp) at differents irrigation deficits     2 ABSTRACT       The caupi is one of the most traditional cultivation of the north and northeast - Brazil, constituting a basic food in these areas. With this work it was possible to establish relationships between the amount of water applied and productivity of grains, for three caupi varieties submitted to different irrigation sheets. To diferentiate water depths in the irrigation system, the aspersion in line was used. The control of the irrigation was accomplished using tensiometers installed to 15 cm of depth. The results showed that: i) the João Paulo II variety presented better productivity for the applied water depths; ii) under reduced conditions of water avai lability for study conditions, these was no significant difference in the productivity reached among the cultivars studied; and iii) for the conditions of the study, the variety Setentão presented the smallest rate of reduction of the marginal product.       KEYWORDS: cowpea, irrigation, production function  

The possible regulatory mechanisms of aqueous, ethyl acetate and nhexane fractions of the Ribes khorassanicum extract on acute hypertension in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohebbati ◽  
Yasamin Kamkar-De ◽  
Mohammad Naser Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Objective: Our previous studies showed the antihypertensive effect of Ribes khorassanicum (R. khorassanicum), a medicinal herb growing in the North Khorasan Province of Iran. For further evaluation, the present study investigated the effect of n-hexane (HX), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous (AQ) fractions of hydroalcoholic R. khorassanicum extract on cardiovascular responses in angiotensin II (AngII) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 11 groups (n=5): 1) control, 2) AngII (50 ng/kg, i.v), 3) AngII + losartan (10 mg/kg, i.p), 4) L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v), 5) L-NAME+ sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (50 mg/kg, i.p), 6,7,8) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum (AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) +AngII, and 9,10,11) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum (AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) + L-NAME. Treated rats received three fractions 30 min before the injection of L-NAME and AngII in separate groups. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded by the Power Lab instrument via an angiocath inserted into the femoral artery. The peak changes (∆) of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate (HR) in treated groups were compared with those of the hypertensive and control groups. Result: AngII and L-NAME significantly increased ∆MAP and ∆SBP and attenuated by pretreatment of LOS and SNP, respectively. Pretreatment with polar (AQ) and semipolar (EA) fractions of R. khorassanicum reduced the peak changes of MAP and SBP in both AngII and L-NAME-treated groups. Only the fraction of the herb attenuated the HR increased in the L-NAME group. The HR in other groups did not demonstrate any significant difference. Conclusion: All fractions of R. khorassanicum have an antihypertensive effect. However, the effect of polar fractions is more salient. It is also conceivable that the antihypertensive effect of fractions is mostly mediated by the inhibition of AngII.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Growth and Reproductive Performance of Cloned Pietrain Boars

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Junsong Shi ◽  
Baohua Tan ◽  
Lvhua Luo ◽  
Zicong Li ◽  
Linjun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
F1 Progeny

How to maximize the use of the genetic merits of the high-ranking boars (also called superior ones) is a considerable question in the pig breeding industry, considering the money and time spent on selection. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is one of the potential ways to answer the question, which can be applied to produce clones with genetic resources of superior boar for the production of commercial pigs. For practical application, it is essential to investigate whether the clones and their progeny keep behaving better than the “normal boars”, considering that in vitro culture and transfer manipulation would cause a series of harmful effects to the development of clones. In this study, 59,061 cloned embryos were transferred into 250 recipient sows to produce the clones of superior Pietrain boars. The growth performance of 12 clones and 36 non-clones and the semen quality of 19 clones and 28 non-clones were compared. The reproductive performance of 21 clones and 25 non-clones were also tested. Furthermore, we made a comparison in the growth performance between 466 progeny of the clones and 822 progeny of the non-clones. Our results showed that no significant difference in semen quality and reproductive performance was observed between the clones and the non-clones, although the clones grew slower and exhibited smaller body size than the non-clones. The F1 progeny of the clones showed a greater growth rate than the non-clones. Our results demonstrated through the large animal population showed that SCNT manipulation resulted in a low growth rate and small body size, but the clones could normally produce F1 progeny with excellent growth traits to bring more economic benefits. Therefore, SCNT could be effective in enlarging the merit genetics of the superior boars and increasing the economic benefits in pig reproduction and breeding.

scholarly journals Genome-wide SNPs redefines species boundaries and conservation units in the freshwater mussel genus Cyprogenia of North America

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Seok Kim ◽  
Kevin J. Roe
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
The North ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractDetailed information on species delineation and population genetic structure is a prerequisite for designing effective restoration and conservation strategies for imperiled organisms. Phylogenomic and population genomic analyses based on genome-wide double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) data has identified three allopatric lineages in the North American freshwater mussel genus Cyprogenia. Cyprogenia stegaria is restricted to the Eastern Highlands and displays little genetic structuring within this region. However, two allopatric lineages of C. aberti in the Ozark and Ouachita highlands exhibit substantial levels (mean uncorrected FST = 0.368) of genetic differentiation and each warrants recognition as a distinct evolutionary lineage. Lineages of Cyprogenia in the Ouachita and Ozark highlands are further subdivided reflecting structuring at the level of river systems. Species tree inference and species delimitation in a Bayesian framework using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data supported results from phylogenetic analyses, and supports three species of Cyprogenia over the currently recognized two species. A comparison of SNPs generated from both destructively and non-destructively collected samples revealed no significant difference in the SNP error rate, quality and amount of ddRAD sequence reads, indicating that nondestructive or trace samples can be effectively utilized to generate SNP data for organisms for which destructive sampling is not permitted.

scholarly journals Perceived quality of care among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the north east region of peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorfariza Nordin ◽  
Suhaily Mohd Hairon ◽  
Najib Majdi Yaacob ◽  
Anees Abdul Hamid ◽  
Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Perceived Quality Of Care ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are best managed by a chronic care model that is associated with enhanced quality of care and improved patient outcome. Assessing patients’ perceived quality of care is crucial in improving the healthcare delivery system. Hence, this study determined the perceived quality of care among people with T2DM and explored its associations with (i) sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and (ii) types of healthcare clinics to guide future planning. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 20 primary healthcare clinics in the North East Region of Peninsular Malaysia and people with T2DM as the sampling unit was conducted from February to May 2019. The pro forma checklist, interview-guided Skala Kepuasan Interaksi Perubatan-11, and Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (Malay version; PACIC-M) questionnaire were used for data collection. Univariate analysis and linear regression were used to determine the status of perceived quality of care and the factors associated with the perceived quality of care, respectively. Results Overall, data from 772 participants were analyzed. The majority was from the Malay ethnic group (95.6%) with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 8.91% (2.30). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of the number of medical officers available at each clinic was 6 (7), with Family Doctor Concept (FDC) clinics having a higher number of medical officers than non-FDC clinics (p = 0.001). The overall mean (SD) PACIC-M score was 2.65 (0.54) with no significant difference between scores of patients treated in the two clinic types (p = 0.806). Higher perceived quality of care was associated with lower number of medical officers (adjusted regression coefficient [Adj.β], − 0.021; p-value [p], 0.001), and greater doctor–patient interaction in all domains: distress relief (Adj.β, 0.033; p, < 0.001), rapport (Adj.β, 0.056; p, < 0.001), and interaction outcome (Adj.β, 0.022; p, 0.003). Conclusion Although there was no significant difference found between clinic type, this study reflects that patients are comfortable when managed by the same doctor, which may support a better doctor-patient interaction. A larger specialized primary care workforce could improve diabetes care in Malaysia.

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