A COMPARISON OF THE GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF STEERS REARED ON PASTURE AND FINISHED FOR VARYING PERIODS ON CORN OR GRASS SILAGE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. FORREST
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Color Score ◽  
Weight Groups

Sixty small-framed yearling Hereford and Hereford cross steers initially averaging 268 kg were reared on pasture from May to October, divided into two (30 each) approximately equal weight groups and placed in a feedlot. The steers were serially slaughtered in groups of 10 (five heaviest from each treatment) after 0, 35, 70, 98, 126 or 154 days of feedlot finishing on either grass or corn silage supplemented with 0.9–2.3 kg-head−1∙day−1 of a mixed grain ration containing 5% molasses. Average gains on pasture were 0.80, 0.75 and 0.54 kg/day for the consecutive 59, 48 and 61 day periods between 9 May and 24 Oct. Steers finished on corn silage gained significantly faster (P < 0.05) and had significantly more dissectable rib fat when slaughtered (0.82 kg/day; 27.6%) than steers finished on grass silage (0.51 kg/day; 24.6%). Six of the 10 steers slaughtered off pasture graded B1 or C1 while one of the feedlot steers graded B1 and the remaining 53 graded A1 or A2. The subjective carcass fat color score of the steers slaughtered off pasture averaged 4.7 which was significantly greater than the fat color of the feedlot finished steers (3.0–3.6). The corn silage steers had a color rating of 3.4 while the grass silage steers rated 3.7. The results of this experiment indicate that yearling steers reared on pasture and finished between 35 and 70 days on grass or corn silage with low concentrate supplementation will produce acceptable carcasses in terms of grade and subjective fat color score. Key words: Growth, carcass characteristics, steers, pasture, silage

scholarly journals Performance of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on silages made of whole-crop barley, whole-crop wheat, hairy vetch and grass

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. HUUSKONEN ◽  
E. JOKI-TOKOLA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dairy Bulls

The present experiment was conducted to study diet digestibility, feed intake, animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on (1) whole-crop barley, (2) a mixture of whole-crop barley and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) or (3) a mixture of whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch relative to moderate digestible grass silage-based diet. The feeding experiment with 24 Finnish Ayrshire and 8 Holstein-Friesian bulls included 4 forage feeding treatments: (1) grass silage (G), (2) whole-crop barley and hairy vetch mixture silage (BHV), (3) whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch mixture silage (WHV) and (4) whole-crop barley silage (B). In all treatments animals were offered silage ad libitum. The amount of concentrate supplementation was 36 g (W0.75)-1 animal-1 day-1 for all treatments. The concentrate ration included rolled barley and rapeseed meal. Differences between the treatments were compared using an a priori test (Dunnett’s test) so that comparison of the diets was based on the G diet. The animals were fed the experimental diets from day 240 to finish at day 505 of age. During the experiment the average concentrate proportions of G, BHV, WHV and B diets were 437, 424, 426 and 423 g dry matter (DM) (kg DM)-1, respectively. There were no significant differences in silage DM intake or in the total DM intake (DMI) (kg DM d-1) between treatments. However, DMI kg-1 W0.75 tended to be 3.5% higher (p = 0.09) in the B diet than in the G diet. Due to increasing energy intake, the gain of the bulls was higher with the G diet than with the WHV diet (p < 0.05). BHV and B diets did not differ from the G diet in gain. Treatments had no significant effect on the dressing proportion or carcass conformation. The carcass fat score of WHV bulls was 29% lower (p < 0.05) than that of the G bulls, but BHV and B diets did not differ from the G diet in carcass fatness. The feed conversion rate (DM intake kg-1 carcass gain) of the bulls was better (p < 0.001) and protein conversion (g AAT kg-1 carcass gain) tended to be better (p = 0.07) with the G diet than with the WHV diet. BHV and B diets did not differ from the G diet in any feed conversion parameters. It can be concluded that replacing moderate digestible grass silage with whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch mixture silage decreased the carcass gain of growing dairy bulls due to lower energy intake and poorer feed conversion. Instead, replacing moderate digestible grass silage with whole-crop barley or with whole-crop barley and hairy vetch mixture silage resulted in no differences in the performance or carcass characteristics parameters of growing dairy bulls.;

PERFORMANCE OF HEREFORD × SHORTHORN BULLS AND STEERS RAISED IN NORTHERN ONTARIO AND FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GRASS SILAGE AND HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Different Levels

Over a 2-yr period, 44 bulls and 44 implanted steers of Hereford × Shorthorn breeding were fed, from weaning to slaughter, diets of grass silage with 0, 0.45, 0.9 or 1.35 kg barley dry matter (DM)/100 kg liveweight. Each animal was slaughtered when it had 8 mm of fat over the loin as determined by ultrasound measurement. As the level of barley in the diet increased the rate of gain increased (P < 0.01), as did DM intake (P < 0.05) while feed required per kilogram gained and days on feed decreased. Bulls and steers responded in a similar manner to the different diets. Bulls gained faster (P < 0.01) on similar intakes of DM with the result that feed required for kilogram gain was less for bulls (P < 0.05). There was no difference (P > 0.05) in days to market for bulls and steers. There was no consistent effect of diet on carcass characteristics. However, castration resulted in lighter (P < 0.01) slaughter and carcass weights as well as a smaller (P < 0.01) rib eye area. Key words: Cattle, castration, diet, growth, carcass

Effect of live-yeast culture and lasalocid supplementation on performance of growing–finishing steers fed alfalfa-silage, corn-silage and high-grain diets sequentially

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
Z. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Key Words Yeast ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Live Yeast

Trials were conducted to determine the effect of supplementing feedlot diets with live-yeast culture (YC), lasalocid (LAS) or YC + LAS on intake, growth and carcass characteristics of steers. Dietary additives in either 96% corn-silage or 75% dry-rolled barley-based diets increased (P < 0.05) final weights and carcass weights of steers. Key words: Yeast, lasalocid, steers, carcass quality, growth

scholarly journals Effects of increasing dietary level of a commercial liquid supplement on growth performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Tara L Felix ◽  
Chloe J Long ◽  
Madeline R Stierwalt ◽  
Pedro H V Carvalho ◽  
Howard M Blalock
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Feeding cattle liquid supplements has become increasingly popular in the feedlot industry; however, optimal inclusion of liquid supplements in feedlot cattle diets is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal inclusion of liquid supplementation to maximize growth performance and improve carcass characteristics, as well as estimate the energy value of liquid supplementation when used as a direct corn replacement, for feedlot steers fed a concentrate-based diet. Two hundred and eighty steer calves were stratified by BW into light (BW = 208 ± 9 kg; n = 24) and heavy (BW = 275 ± 8 kg; n = 16) pens. Pens within BW block were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 supplements: 1) dry at 4.5% inclusion (0LIQ), 2) liquid (a proprietary blend from Quality Liquid Feeds; Dodgeville, WI) at 4.5% inclusion (4.5LIQ), 3) liquid at 9% inclusion (9LIQ), or 4) liquid at 13.5% inclusion (13.5LIQ). The remainder of the diet was 47.5% to 55.5% dry rolled corn, 20% corn silage, and 20% modified wet distillers grains with solubles (DM basis). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design and linear and quadratic were examined to determine effects of increasing dietary concentrations of liquid. Steers fed 4.5LIQ and 9LIQ had greater (quadratic; P ≤ 0.05) final BW, HCW, and NEm and NEg, and less DMI as a percent of BW compared to steers fed 13.5LIQ. Steers fed 0LIQ were intermediate and not different from other treatments. However, ADG and total BW gain did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) among treatments. Despite the lack of treatment effect on live measures of gain, feeding steers 4.5LIQ and 9LIQ resulted in greater carcass ADG (quadratic; P = 0.03), total carcass gain (quadratic; P = 0.04), and more efficient carcass gain (quadratic; P ≤ 0.01) compared to carcasses from steers fed 13.5LIQ. Feeding steers a liquid supplement at 9% of the diet, DM allowed for the greatest final BW and ADG in this study; however, there was no benefit of increasing liquid to 13.5%.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING AVOPARCIN IN COMBINATION WITH PROGESTERONE-ESTRADIOL IMPLANTS ON GROWING AND FINISHING STEERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. MURRAY ◽  
T. D. BURGESS ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Growth Promotants

Two, experiments were conducted with growing and finishing steers to determine the performance response to feeding avoparcin with or without progesterone-estradiol (Synovex-S) implants. In exp. 1, 96 crossbred yearling steers were fed diets containing 40% hay crop silage (DM basis) for 168 days. Avoparcin increased (P < 0.05) weight gains (16%) and feed efficiency (16%). Initial Synovex-S implants increased (P < 0.05) weight gain (14%) and feed efficiency (11%). Reimplanting at 112 days tended to further improve (P > 0.05) rate of gain and feed efficiency over initial implanting. In exp. 2, 80 Hereford yearling steers were fed diets containing only 19% corn silage (DM basis) for 98 days. Avoparcin had no effect on weight gain but improved (P > 0.05) feed efficiency (11%). Synovex improved (P < 0.05) weight gain (17%) and feed efficiency (11%). In both experiments treatments produced no effects on carcass measurements except for an increase in warm carcass weight. Also, in both experiments the effects of avoparcin and Synovex on feed efficiency were fully additive. Key words: Growth promotants, implants, feed additives, steers

scholarly journals The Effect of Beef Production System on the Health, Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Holstein Bulls

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Naomi H. Rutherford ◽  
Alan W. Gordon ◽  
Gareth Arnott ◽  
Francis O. Lively
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Ad Libitum

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of production system on the health, performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of autumn born (AB) and spring born (SB) Holstein bulls. The study involved a total of 224 Holstein bulls and was conducted over two years (2017/18, 2018/19). The four production system treatments differed during the grower period and consisted of: (i) grazed with no concentrate supplementation (G), (ii) grazed with 2 kg concentrate supplementation per day (G2), (iii) grazed with ad libitum access to concentrates (GA) and (iv) housed with ad libitum access to concentrates and grass silage (HA). All bulls were finished on ad libitum concentrates and grass silage and were slaughtered at a mean age of 15.5 months. Total grower dry matter intake (DMI) (p < 0.001) and total finishing DMI (p < 0.001) differed between production systems for both AB and SB bulls, with that of GA bulls being the greatest in both cases. Average daily gain (ADG) during the grower period was greatest (p < 0.001) for the HA production system in the AB bulls and the GA and HA production systems for the SB bulls. However, during the finishing period, G bulls had the greatest (p < 0.001) ADG of the AB bulls, while that of the SB bulls was from the G2 production system (p < 0.001). For both AB and SB, bulls on the GA and HA production systems produced heavier cold carcass weights than the G and G2 bulls (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in health, carcass conformation, fat classification, or meat quality between production systems.

scholarly journals Growth performance and safety of meat from cattle feedlot finished with salinomycin in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4221
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
Luciana Helena Kowalski ◽  
Augusto Kendi Eto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Edible Tissues

This study aimed to evaluate the performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, the residual depletion in the beef and the economic viability of termination steers with salinomycin in the diet. Were confined 32 animals fed with diet consisting of corn silage and concentrate (50:50) or not added salinomycin (120 mg animal d-1). The design was completely randomized with 8 repetions. The use of salinomycin improved weight gain (1.582 vs 1.304 kg) and feed conversion (6.16 vs 7.25 kg kg-1). There were no significant changes in feed intake (9.52 vs 9.25 kg animals d-1) in serum parameters, nor in the apparent digestibility of the diet. The 16-hour grace period before slaughter expressed salinomycin concentrations below 0.25 µg kg-1 in the organs and edible tissues below the values allowed by law. Animals finished with salinomycin showed better hot carcass weight (287.76 vs 275.81 kg) and better economic results, an increase of R$ 84.20 per animal in the profit margin. The use of salinomycin for feedlot steers promoted improvements in the production and economic performance without harming the health of animals and consumers, because they were not detected significant residues in edible tissues

Effect of cimaterol on growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality in double-muscled Belgian White-blue bulls

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. V. Boucqué ◽  
L. O. Fiems ◽  
B. G. Cottyn ◽  
R. J. Moermans ◽  
M. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-two double-muscled Belgian White-blue bulls, within a liveweight range of 542 (± 37) to 722 (± 31) kg, daily received 0 or 60 μg cimaterol kg−1 liveweight in a corn silage diet for 136 (± 29) d. Cimaterol slightly improved average daily gain from 1.28 to 1.38 kg (P > 0.05). Cold carcass weight and dressing were increased by cimaterol from 497.0 to 514.6 kg (P < 0.05) and from 71.0 to 72.9% (P < 0.001), respectively. Even in extremely meaty animals, cimaterol exerted a significant repartitioning effect towards more meat and less fat, both in the carcass and in the longissimus thoracis muscle. Cimaterol increased the shear force value from 37.1 to 52.7 N (P < 0.001) but had no effect on other organoleptical traits. Key words: Cimaterol, double-muscled bulls, growth, carcass, meat quality

158 Effect of Mootral™ and Forage Amount on Methane Emissions, Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
Bryce Bitsie ◽  
Andrea M Osorio ◽  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Breno Silva ◽  
Leticia Godoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Citrus Extract ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract One hundred and forty-four Angus x Simmental steers were allotted by body weight (BW; 363 kg, breed composition, and farm origin to a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of 6 treatments (4 pens per treatment) to determine the effect of Mootral (garlic + citrus extract; 0.25% of the diet DM vs. 0.0%) on methane emissions, growth and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. During the first 84 days, cattle were fed three different diets (forage content of 15, 41.5, or 68% corn silage). From day 85 to slaughter, corn silage was included at only 15% of the diet DM. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. There was an interaction (P = 0.03) between forage content and Mootral for DMI from d 0 to 84, where Mootral decreased DMI of steers fed 15% corn silage, but did not affect DMI of steers fed 41.5 or 68% corn silage. There were no effects (P ≥ 0.22) of forage content or Mootral on BW or average daily gain at any time, or on DMI from d 84 to slaughter and overall. Gain-feed ratio from d 0 to 84 and overall was greater (P = 0.04) for steers fed 68% compared to 15 or 41.5% corn silage. On d 41, steers fed 41.5 and 68% corn silage had increased (P ≤ 0.02) methane emissions compared to steers fed 15% corn silage. There tended to be an interaction (P ≤ 0.09) between forage content and Mootral for methane emissions (g/d) on d 41 and 203, where steers fed Mootral showed lesser methane emissions with 15% corn silage, but not with the 41.5 and 68% corn silage diets. Steers fed Mootral showed lesser (P ≤ 0.03) methane emissions on d 203. Mootral tended to decrease (P &lt; 0.10) fat thickness and yield grade. In conclusion, Mootral decreased methane production in 15% corn silage diets and improved carcass leanness.

Digestibility and performance of dairy bulls fed corn and grass silages with various sequences and levels of barley

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
P. M. Flipot ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
V. Girard ◽  
M. Bernier-Cardou
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
And Performance

Sixty Canadian Holstein male calves (mean weight 261 kg), previously fed all-concentrate diets, were allocated to one of six different sequences of barley supplementation. Rolled barley was provided in the diet at three levels (0, 17 and 34% on a DM basis) with either grass or corn silages, and fed as a total mixed ration for 91, 77 and 70 d during periods 1,2, and 3, respectively, to ensure consumption of 330 kg of barley per animal for the entire experiment. Barley supplementation in the last period improved average daily gain over the whole experiment by 0.223 kg d−1 (P = 0.0154), and feed efficiency by 55% (P = 0.0062) compared to inclusion of barley in the silage mixtures during the first period. Feed efficiency improved with concentrate supplementation of both silages (P ≤ 0.0001), but the improvement with grass silage was greater than with corn silage (P = 0.0041). Dry matter and energy digestibilities were not affected by feed sequences (P = 0.1025, P = 0.0833, respectively), but they were higher for mixed diets than for pure silage (P = 0.0186, P = 0.0218, respectively). Dry matter intake was 0.81 kg d−1 higher (P ≤ 0.0001) when concentrate was added to the diet. These results suggest that energy feeds such as barley are more efficiently used in the last part of growth. This experiment demonstrates the feasibility of switching grain-fed calves to roughage diets. Key words: Barley, dairy bulls, energy distribution, corn silage, grass silage

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