LIVE ANIMAL EVALUATION OF TWO ULTRASONIC PROBES AS ESTIMATORS OF SUBCUTANEOUS BACKFAT AND CARCASS COMPOSITION IN PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. SATHER ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
A. H. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Additional Cost ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Probe Site

Ultrasonic probe data recorded on a total of 186 Lacombe barrows and gilts were obtained by two operators using the Krautkramer USM2 and Scanoprobe 731A. Backfat measurements were taken, prior to marketing, at approximately 90 kg at locations 5 cm off either side of the midline on the mid-back and on the loin, corresponding to Canadian Swine ROP policy. These measurements were then repeated on the carcass. Correlations between average probe backfat (PF) and average probe site carcass fat (CF) were similar for both operators using the USM2 (r = 0.78, 0.84) and the 731A (r = 0.78, 0.82). The two units accounted for similar proportions of the variances of percent carcass lean (R2 = 0.35, 0.35) and of percent carcass fat (R2 = 0.45, 0.47). Consideration of the effects of sex and weight increased the R2 value by 2–6% for percent carcass lean and 6–7% for percent carcass fat. The USM2 (PF = 19.2, 20.4 mm) produced results in closer agreement with CF (20.0 mm) than did the 731A (PF = 18.9, 19.4 mm), for each operator. However, greater bias appeared to be associated with the USM2 than with the 731A, for measuring PF as an estimator of CF. Overall, it was judged that both machines were equivalent in their ability to measure subcutaneous backfat and to predict carcass composition from the live animal. Considering the additional cost of the USM2, purchase of this machine could not be justified on the basis of performance. Key words: Swine, ultrasonic probes, backfat, live animal evaluation, carcass evaluation

The prediction of pork carcass composition using live animal echographic measurements from the Krautkramer USK7, Ithaca Scanoprobe 731C and Aloka SSD-210DXII Echo Camera

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sather ◽  
J. A. Newman ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
S. M. Zawadski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Fat Yield

Live animal ultrasonic measurements of back fat depth and muscle depth were made on 130 Lacombe and 96 Yorkshire pigs within a weight range of 85.5–114.2 kg, using a Krautkramer USK7 (KK), an Ithaca Scanoprobe 731C (SC) and an Aloka SSD-210DXII Echo Camera (AEC), with an average carcass weight of 80.8 kg. Animals were assessed 1 d prior to slaughter at the mid-back and the loin site as specified by the Canadian Swine Improvement Program and the carcass grade site. Back fat depth measurements made by the SC, KK and AEC reduced the residual variance for lean yield by an additional 35, 43 and 45%, respectively, beyond adjusting for gender, breed and live weight. The mid-back site had less precision than the loin or grade sites for the prediction of both lean yield and fat yield, and there were no clear advantages for using the loin site in preference to the grade site. Since there are no easily identifiable landmarks for locating the grade site on the live pig, the loin site remains the preferred site for live animal evaluation. The addition of muscle-depth measurements to fat-depth measurements resulted in modest increases in the R2 (1–4%) in precision for the prediction of carcass composition. Differences in the ability of the KK and AEC to predict lean yield were small and, considering their cost, suggest that the application of real-time ultrasonics to live animal evaluation may not be practical at this time. Key words: Swine, ultrasound, lean yield, probe sites

A STUDY OF ULTRASONIC PROBING TECHNIQUES FOR SWINE II. PREDICTION OF CARCASS YIELD FROM THE LIVE PIG

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. SATHER ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
D. S. HARBISON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Ultrasonic Machine ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Probe Site

In order to examine the effect of probe site and pig weight at probing on ultrasonic machine and operator accuracy, 227 pigs were probed for subcutaneous backfat thickness at 80, 90, 100 or 110 kg. Ultasonic probe sites were 5 cm off the midline on the midback at a point aligned with the root (B1) or the apex (B2) of the curve of the last rib. Loin sites were defined as 15 cm posterior to B1 (L1) or directly above the stifle joint of the hind leg (L2) of a pig standing normally. A third midback measurement was defined as for B1 but 6 cm off the midline (B3). The value of layer 2 or total backfat depth measurements at these five sites in predicting carcass dissectible fat and lean tissue content were examined. The best combinations of probe sites included L1 and either B1, with R2 of 0.41, 0.70, 0.72 and 0.78 or B2 with R2 of 0.38, 0.70, 0.71 and 0.76 for 80-, 90-, 100-, and 110-kg pigs, respectively, when total backfat was used to predict percent dissectible fat of carcass. These results indicate that carcass yield cannot be predicted adequately at 80 kg and that the optimum probe weight was between 90 and 100 kg. However, the additional expense associated with performance testing pigs at weights greater than 90 kg cannot presently be justified. The R2 for either B1 + L1 or B2 + L1 when fat depth of layer 2 was measured at 90 kg was 0.66. The greatest consistency between operators was observed when fat depth of layer 2 was measured. Key words: Swine, ultrasonic probe, slaughter weight, carcass yield

Intake, live animal scores/measurements and carcass composition and value of late-maturing beef and dairy breeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 126 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Clarke ◽  
M.J. Drennan ◽  
M. McGee ◽  
D.A. Kenny ◽  
R.D. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Live Animal

Assessment of lamb carcass composition from live animal measurement of bioelectrical impedance or ultrasonic tissue depths.

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
E P Berg ◽  
M K Neary ◽  
J C Forrest ◽  
D L Thomas ◽  
R G Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Live Animal

PATTERNS OF MUSCLE, BONE, AND FAT ACCRETION IN THREE BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF FEEDLOT BULLS FED THREE DIETARY ENERGY LEVELS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. PATTERSON ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tissue Accretion

The effect of three types of diet on the carcass composition of 71 feedlot bulls of three biological types (Dairy Cross (DX), Hereford Cross (HX), and Beef Cross (BX)) was studied over a 2-yr period. Diets consisted of pelleted alfalfa with 0, 35 or 85% grain. Serial slaughter and carcass dissection into eight wholesale cuts and component tissues were carried out over an age range of 392–636 days. Interactions of biological type with diet-year were generally not significant for actual weight of muscle, bone and fat, or for weight of these tissues at a constant side subcutaneous fat weight of 16 kg. There were few significant effects of biological type or diet-year on the ratio of actual weight of subcutaneous to intermusclar plus body cavity fat. HX bulls had significantly less muscle and less bone than BX or DX, based on actual weights, but the rate of tissue accretion relative to side subcutaneous fat was the same for the three biological types. Animals on the lowest level of dietary energy had less weight of fat than did those on an 85% grain diet, but diet-year growth coefficients of tissue weights relative to side subcutaneous fat weight were generally homogeneous. It was concluded that effects of dietary energy were consistent over the biological types studied and for most of the wholesale cuts. Key words: Feedlot bulls, diet, biological types, tissue growth

THE EFFECT OF RIBBING SITE ON FAT THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS AND THE PREDICTION OF BEEF CARCASS COMPOSITION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-545
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
A. H. MARTIN ◽  
W. M. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Beef Carcass

Over a 2-yr period, 409 beef carcasses were used to assess the differences of ribbing site (11/12th vs. 12/13th) on fat thickness measurements and the use of these measurements to predict carcass composition. Minimum fat thickness taken at the location specified for use under Canadian beef carcass grading procedures was 1.6 mm less, averaged over all carcasses at the 13th rib, compared with the same measurement taken at the 12th rib. Prediction equations for estimating carcass lean or fat content based on coefficients of determination and residual standard deviations had similar precision using fat thickness measurements from either ribbing site. These results are discussed in reference to National carcass grading procedures. Key words: Carcass grading, fat thickness, carcass composition

The Role of Cut Surface Muscle Area in the Prediction of Carcass Composition of Beef, Lamb and Pork

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
C M Yates ◽  
A Cuthbertson ◽  
M G Owen
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Composition ◽  
List Type ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Breed Improvement ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Cut Surface

1. Increased leanness is an economic objective of nearly all breed improvement programmes. Predictions of lean concentration can be used in an index of performance or can be used to select animals for slaughter.2. Predictions of carcass composition from ultrasonic measurements of fat and muscle depths are currently used to aid the selection of animals for breeding and slaughter. Recent developments allow muscle area to be measured using B-Mode pulse echo real-time ultrasonic scanning machines. These machines produce a two-dimensional image of a cross section through the animal, from which measurements may be taken.3. There is a need to estimate for the live animal the benefits of including eye muscle area in the prediction of carcass composition but few data are available to estimate this directly. Therefore the potential benefit of including such measurements in the prediction of carcass composition has been evaluated using measurements taken on the cut surface of carcasses

Prediction of Mature Cow Carcass Composition from Live Animal Measurements

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gresham ◽  
J. W. Holloway ◽  
W. T. Butts ◽  
J. R. McCurley
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Live Animal

The relationship between body dimensions of living pigs and their carcass composition

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
A. B. Doeschl-Wilson ◽  
D. M. Green ◽  
A. V. Fisher ◽  
S. Carroll ◽  
C. P. Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Shape Indices ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
The Relationship

Recent analysis pointed towards visual imaging analysis (VIA), which yields pig body size measures and shape indices from two-dimensional visual images of living pigs, as a potential technique for estimating fat and lean content in pig carcasses (Doeschl et al., 2004). The present analysis further explored the potential of using VIA body size and shape indices as indicators of the proportion of lean and fat in various carcass joints, either alone or in combination with ultrasonic backfat depth of the live animal. Due to increasing interest in the shape of retail cuts in the meat industry, the association between VIA size measures and the dimensions of the longissimus dorsi and gluteobiceps muscles is also assessed.

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