THE EFFECT OF TREATING COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS PELLETS WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND MONENSIN ON FORAGE UTILIZATION AND GROWTH OF BEEF CALVES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. UTLEY ◽  
W. C. McCORMICK ◽  
R. E. HELLWIG ◽  
J. L. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Coastal Bermudagrass ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
Forage Utilization

Coastal bermudagrass forage was harvested, treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and (or) monensin, processed into pellets and fed to growing calves. Calves fed bermudagrass pellets that contained monensin gained 12.7% faster (P < 0.05), consumed 1.6% less feed per day (P > 0.05) and required 12.3% less feed per unit of gain (P < 0.05) than control animals. Calves fed NaOH-treated bermudagrass pellets gained 6.1% faster (P > 0.05), consumed 6.4% less feed per day (P < 0.05) and required 11.5% less feed per unit of gain (P > 0.05) than control animals. Treating the forage with the combination of NaOH and monensin resulted in rates of gain similar to the control and NaOH treatment but 17.5% less (P < 0.05) than animals fed monensin-treated forage. Feed intake and feed utilization values for calves fed the NaOH plus monensin-treated forage were intermediate to those obtained with the two treatments used separately. The addition of monensin to dehydrated bermudagrass pellets did not affect (P > 0.05) the apparent digestibility of the forage. The addition of NaOH to the forage meal before pelleting increased the digestibility of the fibrous fractions of the bermudagrass. Treating the forage with a combination of NaOH and monensin before pelleting resulted in digestibility values similar to those obtained from the NaOH treatment without monensin. Key words: Bermudagrass pellets, sodium hydroxide, monensin, forage utilization

Individual free choice creep feed intake by suckling calves on range

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Ralston ◽  
M. E. Olson ◽  
K. C. Garossino ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
D. N. Milligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Creep Feed

A 51-d study was conducted to determine creep feed intake by suckling beef calves (N = 51) on range. Daily mean attendance at the creep feeder was 21 ± 10.3%, (range 2 to 43%) and mean intake was 1009 ± 634.4 g calf-1 d-1 (range from 67 to 3424g calf-1 d-1). Creep feed intake and attendance by calves on range may be too variable to be considered an effective method of delivering pharmaceuticals. Key words: Creep feed, intake, calf, feeding behavior

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADDING PENICILLIN TO A MIXTURE OF CHLORTETRACYCLINE AND SULFAMETHAZINE TO IMPROVE GROWTH OF WEANLING PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BRIDGE ◽  
B. D. OWEN ◽  
R. M. BEAMES
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Similar Growth

Three groups, each of five pigs, of initial age 5–6 weeks and initial weight 12 kg, were placed on each of three wheat-soybean-meal-based diets of 18% crude protein content. The diets contained either (a) no antibiotic, (b) 110 mg/kg chlortetracycline hydrochloride, 110 mg/kg sulfamethazine and 55 mg/kg penicillin, or (c) diet (b) minus penicillin. Both antibiotic treatments produced a similar growth response of approximately 12%, which resulted partly from an increased feed intake and partly from an improved efficiency of feed utilization. Key words: Antibiotic, pigs, growth

scholarly journals GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF CHICKEN AND TURKEY BROILERS FED DIETS CONTAINING FLAVOMYCIN

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin

Two trials were conducted to test the efficacy of 2 ppm Flavomycin in diets for broilers and turkeys. Four replicate pens of 40 sexed broilers were offered one of six experimental diets representing a factorial arrangement of growth promotant (none, Flavomycin or lincomycin) and coccidiostat (monensin or stenorol). Birds fed Flavomycin were heavier (P < 0.05) at 28 days than birds fed lincomycin or no growth promotant. No difference in weight was observed at 43 days, although Flavomycin improved 0- to 43-day feed utilization relative to other treatments. Flavomycin response was independent of coccidiostat use, namely monensin and stenorol. Broiler chickens fed monensin were smaller (P < 0.05) than birds fed stenorol, a fact related to reduced feed intake (P < 0.05). Four replicate pens of 35 female Large White poults were offered one of six experimental diets representing a factorial arrangement of growth promotant (none, Flavomycin or zinc bacitracin) and coccidiostat (amprolium or stenorol). Turkeys fed Flavomycin were heavier (P < 0.05) up to 56 days than contemporaries fed bacitracin or no growth promotant. Diet had no effect on final 82-day body weight, although Flavomycin resulted in increased (P < 0.05) carcass weight than other treatments. With the exception of improved feed utilization from 0–28 days for poults fed Flavomycin, diet generally had no effect on feed utilization or feed intake. These effects were independent of coccidiostat inclusion, namely stenorol or amprolium, and these drugs themselves had little effect on performance. Broiler turkeys fed Flavomycin and bacitracin showed significantly (P < 0.01) improved carcass finish grades relative to those fed no growth promotant. Key words: Flavomycin, broiler performance, carcass composition

scholarly journals Effect of the Pellet and Mash Feed Forms on the Productive Performance, Egg Quality, Nutrient Metabolism, and Intestinal Morphology of Two Laying Hen Breeds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Yi Wan ◽  
Ruiyu Ma ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Lilong Chai ◽  
Renrong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Feed Form

One of the most important factors that determine feed utilization by chickens is the feed form. Although it is generally believed that pellet diets have a positive effect on chicken growth, there are some studies that have indicated no difference between pellet and mash on chickens performance. This study was conducted to assess the effects of feed form on production performance, egg quality, nutrient metabolism and intestinal morphology in two breed laying hens. Two hundred and sixteen 25-week-old Hy-Line brown (n = 108) and Hy-Line grey (n = 108) hens were selected. Each breed was randomly allocated into two treatments with 6 replications (9 birds in each replication), which were fed mash and pellet diets, respectively. Production performances were recorded daily and egg quality traits were measured every two weeks. At 42 weeks of age, one bird per replication from each experimental group was selected for metabolism determination and intestine morphology observation. Compared with mash diets, pellet diets improved laying rate (p < 0.05), ADFI (average daily feed intake, p < 0.05), egg weight, shell strength, yolk proportion and Haugh unit (p < 0.05) in both breeds and reduced the FCR (feed conversion ratio, p < 0.05) in Hy-Line grey. The apparent digestibility of DM% (dry matter) and CP% (crude protein) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both breed laying hens fed pellet than those fed mash. The apparent digestibility of P% (phosphorus) and Ca% (calcium) was higher in Hy-Line grey fed pellet and was higher in Hy-Line brown fed mash. Compared to mash diets, pellet diets increased the VH (villus height), CD (crypt depth) and VCR (ratio of villus height to crypt depth) of the small intestine of Hy-Line grey, and increased the VH and CD of duodenum and ileum of Hy-Line brown. Overall, pellet diets improved production performance and nutrition metabolism through positive changes in the laying rate, feed intake, egg albumen quality and apparent digestibility of laying hens. The current findings provided support for the advantages of feeding pellets during the peak egg laying period for the two popular laying hen strains, Hy-Line brown and Hy-Line grey.

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

Voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility in vivo in ponies given ad libitum access to de-hydrated grass or hay harvested from the same grass crop

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. Bayley ◽  
A. L. Tomlinson ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Uk

De-hydrated forages are often fed to equids in the UK in place of more traditional grass hay, particularly where individual animals are known to have a sensitivity to dusty, mouldy hay which may play a part inducing respiratory problems such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One such alternative forage is short-chop de-hydrated grass. However, there is very little information available on voluntary feed intake (VFI), apparent digestibility and nutrient intake parameters when de-hydrated grass is offered to equids compared with traditional grass hay. This study examines the VFI and apparent digestibility in vivo of a short-chop de-hydrated grass compared with a traditional grass hay and determines their ability to meet the predicted energy and protein needs of mature ponies.Six mature Welsh-cross pony geldings with a mean liveweight (LW) of 281 kg (s.e.d. 0.89) were individually housed and offered ad libitum access to either short-chop de-hydrated grass (DHG) or traditional grass hay (HAY) plus 60 g/h/d minerals. The DHG and HAY were made from the same 2nd cut perennial ryegrass sward cut on the same day.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of effects of different sources of groundnut meals on digestibility, growth performance and economics of production of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-283
Author(s):  
K. T. Orayaga ◽  
P. M. Goholshak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Groundnut Cake

Three groundnut meals namely: groundnut cake (GNC), locally processed groundnut cake (kulikuli) and toasted groundnut seed(kernel) meal (TGSM) were incorporated in rabbit diets at two levels to generate six diets: 18% GNC, 22% GNC, 18% Kulikuli, 22% Kulikuli, 18% TGSM and 22% TGSM respectively, and 18% GNC also served as the control diet. Twenty four (24) six weeks-old growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with mean initial weight of 568.75±l2.85g were randomly allocated to the six dietary treatment groups, such that each had four rabbits and each rabbit formed a replicate in a completely randomized design laid out in a 2X3 factorial arrangement and fed ad libitum, for 70 days. The main effects showed that while the treatment groups fed TGSM were significantly depressed (p<0.05). rabbits fed GNC and kulikuli were not significantly different (p>0.05) for average daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and final body weight. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not significantly (p >0.05) affected among treatment groups. Rabbits fed TGSM had significantly (p<0.05) better apparent digestibility coefficient (78.04%) than those on kulikuli (75.81%6) and the group on kulikuli were better than animals fed GNC (72.09%) for fat digestibility. Fibre digestibility was also significantly different (p <0.05), with rabbits fed kulikuli having the poorest fibre digestion (15.63 %). Crude protein, dry matter and NFE apparent digestibility coefficients were not significantly (p >0.05) affected. Among all the parameters measured, only fat and fibre digestibility coefficients had significant (p <0.05) interactions and NFE digestibility was significantly affected (p <0.05) by level of inclusion, with groups fed 22% digesting it better. Feed cost kg gain did not differ significantly (p >0.05) among the treatment groups. Growth was still on the rise and there was a significantly (P<0.01) strong relationship (correlation and regression) between feed intake and weight gain for all the treatment groups. was concluded that both kulikuli and TGSM are potential feed resources for rabbits, more available to house hold farmers, equally economical as GNC and better still if groundnut farmers and or processors of kulikuli raise rabbits, though TGSM had less value for growth rate compared to GNC and Kulikuli at these levels of inclusion

scholarly journals Comparative use of oyster shell and limestone as sources of calcium in the diet of laying chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
A. A. Mako ◽  
A. O. Mosuro ◽  
B. S. Adedeji ◽  
F. O. Jemiseye ◽  
T. Abokede
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Shell Weight

Egg producers primarily use oyster shell or limestone as supplemental sources of dietary calcium. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiencies of limestone (CaCo3 ) and oyster shell as calcium sources in the diets of laying hens. Ninety, 58 weeks old Golden Comet Hubbard laying birds were randomly allotted to three treatments of three replicates. Each replicate had 10 birds per replicate. Three different rations were formulated for the study. To include Diet 1 as the control, a diet with bone meal (46%) and oyster shell (54%). Diet 2 had oyster shell and bone meal supplying 82% and 18% of the dietary calcium while Diet 3 had 82% and 18% of the dietary calcium supplied by limestone and bone meal respectively. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. The parameters measured include: Feed intake (g/d); Hen day production (%); Efficiency of feed utilization (kg); Egg and shell weight (g); Bone weight (g); Ash content of bone (%) and Calcium content of bone (%). The study lasted eight weeks. Results revealed that birds on Diet1 had the highest value for feed intake (0.11 g/d) that differed significantly (P<0.05) from the value (0.10 g/d) obtained for Diet 2 and 3 Hen day production for birds on Diet 2 (57.04) and Diet 3 (56.30) were similar, but differed significantly (P<0.05) from birds on Diet 1 (65.44). Efficiency of feed utilization (EFU kg) was not significantly affected by the dietary treatments as birds on Diet1 had the lowest EFU value (1.80) while birds on Diet 2 had the highest EFU value (2.05). A higher percent of eggs within 50-59g were laid by birds on Diet 3, while eggs of 60g and above were laid by birds on Diet 1 (62 g), significant (p<0.05) variations occurred among treatment means for these egg grade. Egg shell percent was not significant, same trend was observed for bone weight. The effect of dietary treatment on the ash content of bones were similar for birds on Diet 2 and 3, except for bone humerus, however, significant (p<0.05) variation occurred between birds on diets 1 and other two Diets. Calcium contents of the different bones were differed significantly (p<0.05) with birds on diet 3 recording the highest values for all bone investigated. It can be concluded from this study that Limestone can replace oyster shell as a source of calcium in the diet of laying hens without deleterious effect.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATE: GRASS HAY RATIOS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY GROWING WEST AFRICAN FOREST SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
I. O. A. Adeleye ◽  
U. J. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Gross Energy

Twelve ram lambs of the West African Forest type of between 15.7 and 24.6 kg were divided into four groups of 3 animals each. A group was assigned to one of four diets consisting of the following concentrate: grass hay ratios - 20 : 80 (A), 40 : 60 (B), 60 : 40 (C) and 80 : 20 (D). Feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and efficiency of feed utilization were measured. As the level of concentrate increased, the contents of crude protein ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the diets increased, while the crude fibre and ash contents decreased almost linearly. Voluntary feed intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate, with diet C having a significantly higher (P 0.01) Relative Intake (RI) value than the other diets. Both the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) and Digestible Energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher (P. 0.01) in diets C and D than the other diets. Generally, the digestion coefficients for the gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased with increasing levels of concentrate, the values being significantly higher (P 0.01) in diets C and D, while diet A showed a significantly lower (P 0.05) dry matter digestion coefficient value when compared with either diets. Although a similar trend was observed in the digestion coefficient for ether extract, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). With the exception of animals on diet C which had the highest daily weight gains, average daily weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization increased with successive substitution of concentrate for grass hay.

The relations between the apparent digestibility of roughages in the rumen and lower gut of sheep, the volume of fluid in the rumen and voluntary feed intake

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volume Of Fluid ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Volumes Of Distribution

Three sheep with permanent fistulas of the rumen were each given dried grass and two hays, each in three different amounts, and the apparent digesti-bility of the roughages in the rumen and distal to the rumen was determined. A lignin ratio method was used to measure digestibility.With increase in the amount of the poorest hay given, the proportion digested in the rumen fell and that distal to the rumen increased. With the second hay this effect was also noted but was not statistically significant. The voluntary intakes ofdry matter varied from 1·94 kg/day for the dried grass to 1·28 for the poorest hay. The volumes of distribution of polyethylene glycol in the rumen when feed was offered ad libitum, however, were the same, irrespective of the type of feed, at between 14·1 and 15·2 litres. These observations were confirmed at slaughter. The results support the hypothesis that sheep voluntarily consume roughages of different qualities to achieve constant fill of their rumens, and that little regulation of voluntary intake can be attributed to distension of the hind gut.

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