ESTIMATED WATER AND FORAGE INTAKES IN NURSING RANGE CALVES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
The Difference

The intakes of water and forage dry matter by Angus calves on range before weaning were estimated from total water intake, milk intake, and digestible energy (DE) requirement. Water intake, including that in milk, as estimated by injection of tritiated water, rose from 8.3 kg/day at 44 days of age to 17.5 kg/day at 114 days and then fell to 13.7 kg/day at weaning. Milk supplied 90% of the water at 44 days and 25% at weaning. About 600 kg of free water would have been consumed over the pre-weaning period. Milk supplied 86% of DE intake at 44 days of age and 19% at weaning. Over this period, the forage dry matter intake, estimated from the difference between DE requirement and DE obtained from milk, rose from 0.5 kg/day to 5.5 kg/day and an estimated 450 kg would have been consumed between birth and weaning. Water intake per unit forage dry matter intake fell below 3.5 in late August or early September at which time siliceous urinary calculi could begin to form. Plant fiber residues in feces of calves increased as a consequence of the increasing forage intake and declining milk intake. It is suggested that the fiber content of feces could be used as an index of the relative importance of grass and milk in the nutrition of nursing calves on different types of range.

Estimation of milk consumption in beef calves using a tritiated water dilution technique

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (101) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dove ◽  
A Axelsen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Similar Stage ◽  
Water Dilution

The milk intake of crossbred and Angus calves in the first 6 weeks of life was estimated from their water turnovers measured using tritiated water (TOH) dilution. Corrections were made for increase in TOH space occurring during the periods of measurement. The corrections were smaller than those noted in lambs at a similar stage of life, and there were no consistent differences between breeds or weeks. In crossbred calves, estimated milk intake rose (P < 0.05) from 8.65 1 day-1 in week 1 to 11.21 l day-1 in week 6. The corresponding intakes for Angus calves were 6.31 and 10.02 l day-1 but the difference between breeds was not significant. Liveweight gains ranged from 659 to 1170 g day-1 for crossbred calves and from 532 to 925 g day-1 in Angus calves. Total liveweight gain and dryweight gain were closely related to total milk intake (r= 0.94, P < 0.001, and r= 0.85, P < 0.01, respectively). Dryweight gain was also closely related to dry matter intake (r= 0.85, P < 0.01). Estimated milk intakes are compared with those previously reported, and it is concluded that, provided changes in pool size are taken into account, the TOH dilution technique is well suited to the estimation of milk intake in beef calves. It is suggested that, in converting water turnovers into milk intakes, an assumed factor of 0.96 would save time and effort, and involve little error.

scholarly journals A Global Review of Monitoring, Modeling, and Analyses of Water Demand in Dairy Farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7201
Author(s):  
Philip Shine ◽  
Michael D. Murphy ◽  
John Upton
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
On Farm

The production of milk must be balanced with the sustainable consumption of water resources to ensure the future sustainability of the global dairy industry. Thus, this review article aimed to collate and summarize the literature in the dairy water-usage domain. While green water use (e.g., rainfall) was found to be largest category of water use on both stall and pasture-based dairy farms, on-farm blue water (i.e., freshwater) may be much more susceptible to local water shortages due to the nature of its localized supply through rivers, lakes, or groundwater aquifers. Research related to freshwater use on dairy farms has focused on monitoring, modeling, and analyzing the parlor water use and free water intake of dairy cows. Parlor water use depends upon factors related to milk precooling, farm size, milking systems, farming systems, and washing practices. Dry matter intake is a prominent variable in explaining free water intake variability; however, due to the unavailability of accurate data, some studies have reported moving away from dry matter intake at the expense of prediction accuracy. Machine-learning algorithms have been shown to improve dairy water-prediction accuracy by 23%, which may allow for coarse model inputs without reducing accuracy. Accurate models of on-farm water use allow for an increased number of dairy farms to be used in water footprinting studies, as the need for physical metering equipment is mitigated.

Estimation of food intake of sheep grazing green pasture when no free water is available

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Benjamin ◽  
A. A. Degen ◽  
A. Breighet ◽  
M. Chen ◽  
N. H. Tadmor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYTwo experiments were made to measure the dry-matter intake of grazing sheep. Three groups of five ewes grazed three plots of young barley. The mean daily drymatter intake per ewe from each group was estimated from the water turnover which was measured by the tritium dilution technique. The mean intake was also estimated by the double sampling technique for measuring standing crops. The mean estimate of one technique was within the standard deviation of the mean estimate of the other. The difference between the mean estimates from each technique did not exceed 18 %. It is concluded that water turnover could be useful for the measurement of the intakes of animals grazing green pastures.

PSXIV-9 Predicting dry matter intake in beef cattle with water intake and other variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 478-478
Author(s):  
Matthew E Wilson ◽  
Kevin Shaffer ◽  
Shane Plum ◽  
Kevin Garossino ◽  
Nicky Lansink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Visit Frequency ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Full Body

Abstract Technology that facilitates estimation of individual animal intake rates in group-housed settings will result in improvements in animal production and management efficiency. Estimating intake in pasture settings may benefit from models that use other variables as proxies. Relationships among dry matter intake (DMI), animal performance variables, and environmental variables to model DMI were investigated. 202 animals were studied in a drylot setting (153 bulls for 85 days and 55 steers for 55 days) using VYTELLE SENSETM In-Pen-Weighing and Feed-Intake nodes. A machine learning model was calibrated using: DMI, sex, age, full body weight, ADG, water intake, water visit frequency and duration. DMI was positively related to full body weight (r = 0.39, P &lt; 0.001), water intake (r=0.23, P &lt; 0.001), and ADG (r=0.18, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, DMI had significant but weak correlations with water visit frequency (r=0.031, P &lt; 0.001). DMI exhibited weak negative relationships with maximum air temperature (r=-0.094, P &lt; 0.001) maximum relative humidity (r=-0.056, P &lt; 0.001), net radiation (r=-0.040, P &lt; 0.001), and precipitation (r=-0.022, P &lt; 0.001). Weak positive relationships were observed between DMI and maximum wind speed (r=0.031, P &lt; 0.001) and direction (r=-0.022, P &lt; 0.001). The model was validated with resultant average RMSE of 1.06 kg for daily predicted DMI compared to measured daily DMI. In addition, when daily predicted DMI was averaged for each animal, the accuracy of model results improved with RMSE of 0.11 kg. Study results demonstrate that inclusion of water intake and animal performance variables improves predictive accuracy of DMI. Validating and refining the model used to predict DMI in drylots will facilitate future extrapolation to larger group field settings. Vytelle and its logo are trademarks of Vytelle, LLC.

scholarly journals Productive and economic performance of goats of different genetic groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Barros Oliveira ◽  
Wandrick Hauss Sousa ◽  
Flávio Gomes Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Queiroga Cartaxo ◽  
Edgard Cavalcante Pimenta Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intake Water

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the bio-economic performance in confinement crossbred goats from different genetic groups. Were used 30 goats, crossbred (F1) intact male, 10 goats Boer x SPRD (undefined breed), 10 x Savannah SPRD and 10 Oberhasli x SPRD, with an average weight of 15 kg and an average age of 100 days. The initial weight was evaluated, final body weight, average daily gain, total weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake, feed conversion and days on feed. As an economic indicator was calculated gross profit margin (MB), the average dry matter intake, the confinement period, the cost of each diet and the cost of vaccines and medicines. We used the 5% Tukey test for comparisons between treatment means. For the variables weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake and body condition score averages observed did not differ between the genetic groups. There was significant effect (P> 0.05) of genetic groups on days on feed. The biological performance of the goats finished in feedlot was not influenced by genetic group. In bioeconomic analysis was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the evaluated racial groups. Gross profit margin was negative for the mestizos Pardo Alpine x SPRD. The cross between the Boer breed and without defined breed results in premature animals, reaching slaughter weights with reduced confinement period. In the feedlot finishing system crossbred Boer goats x SPRD showed better economic performance, providing greater profitability to the creator.

scholarly journals Dry matter intake observed and predicted by the nutritional systems NRC and BR-Corte for feedlot nelore heifers fed with human feed products

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3157
Author(s):  
Simone Pedro da Silva ◽  
Carina Ubirajara de Faria ◽  
Ana Caroline Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Aline Maria Soares Ferreira ◽  
Jean Marcos Castro Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Body

We aimed to evaluate the effects of using a concentrated ration containing industrialised human food on the productive parameters of Nellore heifers in confinement, in addition to comparing the dry matter intake (DMI) observed with that predicted by the nutritional systems BR-Corte and NRC, in order to determine which system makes the most accurate predictions for heifers of the breed Nelore in feedlots. Twenty-four Nelore heifers, with an average age of 24 months and average body weight (BW) of 350 kg, were used over the 70 days of the experiment. They were randomly assigned to two treatments and housed in partially covered stalls equipped with an automatic Growsafe® Systems feeding system. Animals in the control group (CONT) received a concentrated ration containing ground corn, soybean meal, urea, and mineral nucleus. In the residual treatment (RES) group, heifers received concentrated feed containing products from the human diet. The difference between the treatments was the concentrated ration; in the control treatment, the energy source used was maize, whereas in the residue treatment, the energy sources were corn chips, coconut candies, and ground coffee. Corn silage was included as forage for both treatments. The forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio was 84:16. The predicted intake was estimated according to the nutritional systems NRC (2000, 2016) and BR-Corte (VALADARES FILHO et al., 2010, 2016). The average DMI observed of the heifers was 7.46 kg day-1. Heifers fed with human feed residue had a higher dry matter intake (DMI) and higher ether extract intake (EEI) than animals fed with the control feed. In addition, heifers that received human feed products showed a lower average daily weight gain (DWG) of 1.08 kg day-1 than animals fed the control treatment with an average DWG of 1.24 kg day-1. The predicted dry matter intake by NRC 2000 was an overestimate by 9.78 % and by BR-Corte 2010 was an overestimate by 5.5 %. The NRC 2016 and BR-Corte 2016 underestimated the intake of heifers by 18.9 % and 7.1 %, respectively. It was concluded that growing Nelore heifers fed with human feed products, with a F:C ratio of 84:16, present a higher DMI and lower growth performance and feed efficiency than heifers fed the control diet. The DMI predicting models for Nellore heifers proposed by BR-Corte are more adequate than the NRC models.

scholarly journals Intake, physiological parameters and behavior of Angus and Nellore bulls subjected to heat stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ériton Egidio Lisboa Valente ◽  
Mario Luiz Chizzotti ◽  
Cristiane Viol Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Castilho Galvão ◽  
Silas Sebastião Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
And Behavior

<p>Genetics differences between breeds may determine the tolerance to high temperature, effect dry matter intake and consequently cattle performance. The effect of temperature and humidity index (THI) on diurnal, nocturnal and daily intake, water intake, physiologic parameters and behavior of Nellore (<em>B. indicus</em>) and Angus (<em>B. taurus</em>) bulls were evaluated. Eight Angus and eight Nellore young bulls (337±7.4 kg and 16 months of age) were allocated in two climate-controlled rooms for 32 days. In the period 1, all bulls were housed in thermoneutral conditions (TN, THI = 72.6) for 10 days. In period 2 (10 days), four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to low heat stress (LHS, THI = 76.4) in daytime, and four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to high heat stress (HHS, THI = 81.5) in daytime. The diurnal and daily dry matter intake (DMI) of Nellore were not affected (P&gt;0.05) by heat stress. However, Angus bulls decreased diurnal DMI by 24% and daily DMI decreased (P&lt;0.05) by 15% on HHS. In TN Angus bulls had higher (P&lt;0.05) daily DMI (36.2 g/kg of BW) than Nellore (29.1 g/kg of BW), but in HHS they had similar (P&gt;0.05) daily DMI (31.6 and 30.2 g/kg of BW, respectively). We observed an increase (P&lt;0.05) in respiratory frequency, but water intake was not affected (P&gt;0.05) by heat stress. The heart rate decreased (P&lt;0.05) with heat stress. No differences were found (P&gt;0.05) in feeding behavior. Therefore, THI stress threshold should distinct for Angus and Nellore bulls. The use of feed intake information may improve the prediction of thermic discomfort on specific climate condition. </p>

The effects of ruminal and duodenal casein infusion on intake of red clover silage, milk production and microbial protein synthesis

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
H. Khalili ◽  
P. Huhtanen ◽  
S. Jaakkola ◽  
T. Varvikko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Forage Intake

Enhanced cellulolytic activity in the rumen and improved balance between amino acids and energy have been suggested to increase silage dry matter intake in cows given high quality protein supplements. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of casein infused continuously into the rumen, duodenum or both on forage intake, milk yield, milk composition and microbial protein production.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF FORAGE STORED IN POLYVINYL SILOS ON INTAKE AND PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Logan ◽  
P. S. Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gas Tight

Legume–grass forage was ensiled two seasons in 25-ton polyvinyl-encased stacks at dry matter (D.M.) levels of 22 to 37% or stored as field-cured hay. The polyvinyl sleeve coverings provided initial gas-tight conditions. High losses occurred in the high D.M. (32 to 37%) silage during the feeding-out period. Silage quality, as indicated by volatile fatty acid ratios, proximate principles, and digestibility coefficients, was not significantly influenced by D.M. content. When cows were fed the lower D.M. (22 to 29%) silages and hay, forage intake was inversely related to its dry matter content. Intake of high D.M. silage appeared abnormally low. Milk yields appeared to be more consistently influenced by small variations in grain intake than forage dry matter intake through both trials. Milk yields from silages were greater than from hay per unit of D.M. intake. Moisture content of forage had no significant effect on milk composition as indicated by percentage of butterfat, solids-not-fat, or protein.

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