scholarly journals A Global Review of Monitoring, Modeling, and Analyses of Water Demand in Dairy Farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7201
Author(s):  
Philip Shine ◽  
Michael D. Murphy ◽  
John Upton
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
On Farm

The production of milk must be balanced with the sustainable consumption of water resources to ensure the future sustainability of the global dairy industry. Thus, this review article aimed to collate and summarize the literature in the dairy water-usage domain. While green water use (e.g., rainfall) was found to be largest category of water use on both stall and pasture-based dairy farms, on-farm blue water (i.e., freshwater) may be much more susceptible to local water shortages due to the nature of its localized supply through rivers, lakes, or groundwater aquifers. Research related to freshwater use on dairy farms has focused on monitoring, modeling, and analyzing the parlor water use and free water intake of dairy cows. Parlor water use depends upon factors related to milk precooling, farm size, milking systems, farming systems, and washing practices. Dry matter intake is a prominent variable in explaining free water intake variability; however, due to the unavailability of accurate data, some studies have reported moving away from dry matter intake at the expense of prediction accuracy. Machine-learning algorithms have been shown to improve dairy water-prediction accuracy by 23%, which may allow for coarse model inputs without reducing accuracy. Accurate models of on-farm water use allow for an increased number of dairy farms to be used in water footprinting studies, as the need for physical metering equipment is mitigated.

ESTIMATED WATER AND FORAGE INTAKES IN NURSING RANGE CALVES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
The Difference

The intakes of water and forage dry matter by Angus calves on range before weaning were estimated from total water intake, milk intake, and digestible energy (DE) requirement. Water intake, including that in milk, as estimated by injection of tritiated water, rose from 8.3 kg/day at 44 days of age to 17.5 kg/day at 114 days and then fell to 13.7 kg/day at weaning. Milk supplied 90% of the water at 44 days and 25% at weaning. About 600 kg of free water would have been consumed over the pre-weaning period. Milk supplied 86% of DE intake at 44 days of age and 19% at weaning. Over this period, the forage dry matter intake, estimated from the difference between DE requirement and DE obtained from milk, rose from 0.5 kg/day to 5.5 kg/day and an estimated 450 kg would have been consumed between birth and weaning. Water intake per unit forage dry matter intake fell below 3.5 in late August or early September at which time siliceous urinary calculi could begin to form. Plant fiber residues in feces of calves increased as a consequence of the increasing forage intake and declining milk intake. It is suggested that the fiber content of feces could be used as an index of the relative importance of grass and milk in the nutrition of nursing calves on different types of range.

PSXIV-9 Predicting dry matter intake in beef cattle with water intake and other variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 478-478
Author(s):  
Matthew E Wilson ◽  
Kevin Shaffer ◽  
Shane Plum ◽  
Kevin Garossino ◽  
Nicky Lansink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Visit Frequency ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Full Body

Abstract Technology that facilitates estimation of individual animal intake rates in group-housed settings will result in improvements in animal production and management efficiency. Estimating intake in pasture settings may benefit from models that use other variables as proxies. Relationships among dry matter intake (DMI), animal performance variables, and environmental variables to model DMI were investigated. 202 animals were studied in a drylot setting (153 bulls for 85 days and 55 steers for 55 days) using VYTELLE SENSETM In-Pen-Weighing and Feed-Intake nodes. A machine learning model was calibrated using: DMI, sex, age, full body weight, ADG, water intake, water visit frequency and duration. DMI was positively related to full body weight (r = 0.39, P < 0.001), water intake (r=0.23, P < 0.001), and ADG (r=0.18, P < 0.001). In addition, DMI had significant but weak correlations with water visit frequency (r=0.031, P < 0.001). DMI exhibited weak negative relationships with maximum air temperature (r=-0.094, P < 0.001) maximum relative humidity (r=-0.056, P < 0.001), net radiation (r=-0.040, P < 0.001), and precipitation (r=-0.022, P < 0.001). Weak positive relationships were observed between DMI and maximum wind speed (r=0.031, P < 0.001) and direction (r=-0.022, P < 0.001). The model was validated with resultant average RMSE of 1.06 kg for daily predicted DMI compared to measured daily DMI. In addition, when daily predicted DMI was averaged for each animal, the accuracy of model results improved with RMSE of 0.11 kg. Study results demonstrate that inclusion of water intake and animal performance variables improves predictive accuracy of DMI. Validating and refining the model used to predict DMI in drylots will facilitate future extrapolation to larger group field settings. Vytelle and its logo are trademarks of Vytelle, LLC.

scholarly journals Productive and economic performance of goats of different genetic groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Barros Oliveira ◽  
Wandrick Hauss Sousa ◽  
Flávio Gomes Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Queiroga Cartaxo ◽  
Edgard Cavalcante Pimenta Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intake Water

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the bio-economic performance in confinement crossbred goats from different genetic groups. Were used 30 goats, crossbred (F1) intact male, 10 goats Boer x SPRD (undefined breed), 10 x Savannah SPRD and 10 Oberhasli x SPRD, with an average weight of 15 kg and an average age of 100 days. The initial weight was evaluated, final body weight, average daily gain, total weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake, feed conversion and days on feed. As an economic indicator was calculated gross profit margin (MB), the average dry matter intake, the confinement period, the cost of each diet and the cost of vaccines and medicines. We used the 5% Tukey test for comparisons between treatment means. For the variables weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake and body condition score averages observed did not differ between the genetic groups. There was significant effect (P> 0.05) of genetic groups on days on feed. The biological performance of the goats finished in feedlot was not influenced by genetic group. In bioeconomic analysis was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the evaluated racial groups. Gross profit margin was negative for the mestizos Pardo Alpine x SPRD. The cross between the Boer breed and without defined breed results in premature animals, reaching slaughter weights with reduced confinement period. In the feedlot finishing system crossbred Boer goats x SPRD showed better economic performance, providing greater profitability to the creator.

scholarly journals Intake, physiological parameters and behavior of Angus and Nellore bulls subjected to heat stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ériton Egidio Lisboa Valente ◽  
Mario Luiz Chizzotti ◽  
Cristiane Viol Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Castilho Galvão ◽  
Silas Sebastião Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
And Behavior

<p>Genetics differences between breeds may determine the tolerance to high temperature, effect dry matter intake and consequently cattle performance. The effect of temperature and humidity index (THI) on diurnal, nocturnal and daily intake, water intake, physiologic parameters and behavior of Nellore (<em>B. indicus</em>) and Angus (<em>B. taurus</em>) bulls were evaluated. Eight Angus and eight Nellore young bulls (337±7.4 kg and 16 months of age) were allocated in two climate-controlled rooms for 32 days. In the period 1, all bulls were housed in thermoneutral conditions (TN, THI = 72.6) for 10 days. In period 2 (10 days), four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to low heat stress (LHS, THI = 76.4) in daytime, and four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to high heat stress (HHS, THI = 81.5) in daytime. The diurnal and daily dry matter intake (DMI) of Nellore were not affected (P&gt;0.05) by heat stress. However, Angus bulls decreased diurnal DMI by 24% and daily DMI decreased (P&lt;0.05) by 15% on HHS. In TN Angus bulls had higher (P&lt;0.05) daily DMI (36.2 g/kg of BW) than Nellore (29.1 g/kg of BW), but in HHS they had similar (P&gt;0.05) daily DMI (31.6 and 30.2 g/kg of BW, respectively). We observed an increase (P&lt;0.05) in respiratory frequency, but water intake was not affected (P&gt;0.05) by heat stress. The heart rate decreased (P&lt;0.05) with heat stress. No differences were found (P&gt;0.05) in feeding behavior. Therefore, THI stress threshold should distinct for Angus and Nellore bulls. The use of feed intake information may improve the prediction of thermic discomfort on specific climate condition. </p>

Statistical research on the fate of water in the adult cow. II. The lactating cow

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paquay ◽  
R. De Baere ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Total Water Intake

SUMMARYStatistical tests were made on the data obtained from 100 non-pregnant lactating cows, whose milk production ranged from 4 to 22 kg/day. The cows were kept in metabolism stalls and fed 37 different rations.The authors have studied the correlation between total water intake, faecal and urinary water losses, absorbed and available water and the numerous other factors which were analysed in each of the 37 rations.Total water intake is closely related to the dry-matter intake and the dry-matter content of the diet; it is related also to the composition of the ingested dry matter but is unrelated to the daily milk production.Faecal water losses are closely related to the dry-matter intake and the dry-matter content of the diet; increase of pentosans and crude-fibre intake enhances the losses.Urinary water excretion is related to the amount of absorbed water and to the dry-matter content of the diet; a highly significant correlation exists also between urinary water and urinary nitrogen and potassium. Daily milk production and urinary water are negatively correlated.Water secretion in the milk depends on the dry-matter intake and on its composition; but there is no significant correlation between total water intake and milk water.

scholarly journals Analysis of water intake and dry matter intake using different lactation curve models

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 4072-4081 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kramer ◽  
E. Stamer ◽  
J. Spilke ◽  
G. Thaller ◽  
J. Krieter
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lactation Curve

A note on the water intake of ewes in late pregnancy and early lactation

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Early Lactation

SUMMARYThe water intake of individually penned ewes has been determined during the last 21 days of pregnancy and the first 21 days of lactation. Pregnant ewes carrying one lamb had lower water intakes than ewes carrying twins. Water intake per unit dry-matter intake increased as dry-matter intake declined.Lactating ewes suckling twin lambs consumed more water than ewes suckling singles although both groups had similar dry-matter intakes.

scholarly journals Influence of estrus on dry matter intake, water intake and BW of dairy cows

animal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reith ◽  
M. Pries ◽  
C. Verhülsdonk ◽  
H. Brandt ◽  
S. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Intake Water
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