scholarly journals EVALUATION OF WHOLE PLANT FABABEAN FORAGE IN RUMINANT RATIONS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
F. B. BAREEBA ◽  
K. W. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Feeding Trials

Feeding trials were conducted to evaluate nutritive value of whole plant fababean (FB) silages. A growth trial with dairy heifers resulted in higher consumption (P < 0.05) of FB silage than a grass-legume (GL) silage, with no difference (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG). Lactating Holstein cows were fed four diets, 1-GL + high grain (HG) (control diet), 2-direct cut FB (33% DM) + HG, 3-wilted FB (37% DM) + HG and 4-wilted FB + medium grain (MG), in a Lucas design. Consumption of the direct cut FB silage was higher (P < 0.05) than that of grass silage, and reducing the level of grain feeding from 56 to 43% of the diet resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in FB silage consumption. Wintering calves were fed five silages (1-FB, 2-GL, 3-barley-clover (BC), 4-corn or 5-barley) plus 1 kg grain supplement for 93 days. Calves receiving FB or GL silage consumed more (P < 0.05) DM than animals on the other treatments. In trial 2, beef calves were fed four silages (early FB, frosted FB, corn or GL) or two types of dehydrated cubes (FB or allalfa). Frosted FB silage have a higher (P < 0.01) ADG compared with the other treatments. Intakes of DM were similar for both FB silages and alfalfa cubes but higher than in GL or corn silage treatments. Feed efficiency ratio was smaller (P < 0.05) for frosted FB than GL silage or dehydrated cubes and similar to the early FB and corn silages. Finishing steers were fed three silages (FB, GL or corn) free choice plus a barley supplement at 1% of body weight. Total DM intake and ADG were higher (P < 0.01) for steers receiving FB silage than for those fed the GL or corn silage. Energy digestibility of FB silage as measured by sheep digestion trials over 2 crop yr and three silage samples was 69.4% ± 2.3, and digestible energy content of FB was similar to that of corn silage.

FEEDING VALUE FOR LAMBS OF FABABEAN, FIELD PEA, CORN AND OAT SILAGES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS ◽  
S. E. BEACOM
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials

Whole crop fababeans, corn and oats were ensiled in 3 consecutive yr, while whole crop field peas were included in the last 2 yr of the study. Corn was harvested at the early milk stage in 1974, at the late milk stage in 1975 (in both cases after a killing frost), and at the mature stage before frost in 1976. All other crops were harvested in the dough stage. Silages were evaluated using feeding trials with crossbred lambs. Dry matter intake and average daily gain were greater (P < 0.05) for lambs fed fababean silage than for those fed corn or oat silage. Feed intake and rate of gain for lambs fed field pea silage tended to be slightly lower than for those fed fababean silage, but the differences were significant in only 1 of the 2 yr. Frozen immature corn ensiled in 1974 resulted in extremely low dry matter intake and gain, but in the other 2 yr the values for corn silage were equal to that of oat silage. Organic matter digestibility of fababean silage was equal to that of oat silage during 1 yr, but greater (P < 0.05) during the other 2 yr of the test. Mean energy digestibility (final 2 yr) was 70.6, 73.2, 64.1 and 68.1% for fababean, field pea, oat and corn silage, respectively. The results indicate that protein content, energy digestibility, and voluntary intake of whole crop fababean and field pea silage are all relatively high.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

scholarly journals 40 Alternative forages for dairy heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Matthew Akins ◽  
Elizabeth Remick ◽  
Huawei Su ◽  
Lingyan Li ◽  
Abbey Grisham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Moderate Energy

Abstract Dairy heifers have moderate energy needs with diets containing high proportions of corn silage, often exceeding needs of pregnant heifers. Use of moderate energy forages to decrease energy and increase NDF content has been successful to control intake and growth of pregnant heifers. Several forages could be used, including cereal grain forages/straws, warm season perennial grasses, sorghum forages, and corn stover. Higher NDF content diets control intake through rumen fill as heifers eat approximately 1% of bodyweight in NDF daily. Research at the University of Wisconsin found reduced intakes and more desirable gains for pregnant heifers fed diets that included either corn stover, wheat straw, or eastern gamagrass (0.8–1.0 kg gain/day) compared with heifers fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet (1.2 kg gain/day). A study feeding alfalfa stemlage also found that heifers had more desirable gains (0.9–1.0 kg/day) when fed diets with stemlage or straw than heifers fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet. Sorghum forages may also work to partially replace corn silage in the forage program, with an opportunity to double-crop with cereal grain forages. Wisconsin studies show that sorghum forages can have similar or greater yields than corn silage when planted in early to mid-June and harvested once in the fall, with sorghums being more responsive to irrigation and nitrogen than corn. Most sorghums had similar or greater yields than corn silage when fertilized at 22–45 kg N/acre or irrigated at 50–75% of levels recommended for corn. A recent study found heifers fed sorghum-sudangrass silage based diets had lower intakes due to higher NDF content leading to more optimal daily gains (0.9 kg/d) than heifers fed a corn silage/alfalfa silage/grass hay diet that had similar protein and energy content, but was lower in NDF content. Use of alternative forages can help control nutrient intake and thus growth, and can also help control costs and improve nutrient/manure management by lowering intakes and forage production costs.

Influence of population density, row spacing and hybrid on forage corn yield and nutritive value in a cool-season environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Baron ◽  
H. G. Najda ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Narrow Row

Increasing yield for silage and grazing in cool, short-season areas may be possible by planting corn (Zea mays L.) at high population densities and at narrow row spacing. The objective was to determine how population density (75 000, 100 000, and 125 000 plants ha-1) and row spacing (standard: 76 cm and narrow: 38 cm) affected whole-plant yield, yield-related parameters, and nutritive value of two corn hybrids grown at Brooks and Lacombe, Alberta during 2 yr. The hybrids (Pioneer 39F45 and 39N03) were rated at 2000 Ontario corn heat units (CHU). Trial, hybrid, population density and row spacing interacted to influence whole-plant yield. Population density had a greater impact on whole-plant yield than row spacing and hybrid choice. Generally, yield leveled off at 100 000 plants ha-1 when the interaction of all effects was considered. Leaf area index (LAI) and whole-plant yield at this density were 2.68 and 12.0 Mg ha-1, respectively. Narrow compared with standard row spacing had positive effects on whole-plant yield of one hybrid, but not the other and improved LAI at 75 000 plants ha-1, but not at the other plant densities. Increasing plant density and reducing row spacing had only minor effects on whole-plant nutritive value. Growing corn in narrow rows to accommodate prevalent planting equipment should have no adverse effects on whole-plant corn production in short-season areas of Canada. However, when considering changes in corn management to maximize whole-plant yield narrow row spacing is not as important as achieving a plant density of approximately 100 000 plants ha-1. Key words: Corn, Zea mays L., nutritive value, population density, row width, silage yield

GROWTH, FEED UTILIZATION AND CARCASS QUALITY RESPONSES OF PIGS FED FROST-DAMAGED CANOLA SEED (LOW-GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED) AS AFFECTED BY GRINDING, PELLETING AND AMMONIATION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Daily Gain

Canola seed (CS) having 20, 45 and 65% frost damage was fed at dietary levels up to 30% to 144 pigs of 23 ± 1 kg initial weight to determine the effects of processing on feeding value. In exp. 1, 10, 20 and 30% levels of each lot of CS were fed to barrows (M) and gilts (F) up to 100 kg liveweight. Average daily gain (ADG) increased with increasing frost damage (0.75, 0.77, 0.78 kg). Similarly, feed intake (FI) increased (2.19, 2.27 and 2.35 kg day−1). Feed-adjusted ADG were equal. ADG and FI were reduced at the 30% level in diet compared with 10%. A palatability effect is postulated. Glucosinolate levels declined with increasing frost damage. In exp. 2, 45% frost-damaged CS was fed at 30% of the diet to M and F pigs up to 57 kg liveweight to compare whole vs. ground CS, fed as meal or pellets. Grinding depressed FI but not ADG. Pelleting improved ADG but not FI. Both processes improved feed:gain ratio. In exp. 3, diets containing 45% frost-damaged, ground CS, with and without ammoniation (0.5% NH3), were compared with a control diet supplemented with soybean and canola meals by feeding to M and F pigs up to 100 kg liveweight. ADG and FI of pigs fed CS were below both the controls and pigs fed the ammoniated CS. Ammoniation had minor effects on amino acid and available lysine content but improved FI and ADG. Carcass index values were unaffected by either level or treatment of CS. Key words: Rapeseed, canola, processing, feeding trials, pigs, freezing

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PREPUBERTAL DAIRY HEIFERS ON LOW OR HIGH β-CAROTENE DIETS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-489
Author(s):  
F. R. TEKPETEY ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Β Carotene

Twenty 5-mo-old heifers were assigned randomly to either a no-carotene or a carotene-supplemented grain ration (2–2.5 kg head−1 d−1) for a 10-mo trial to investigate the effect of β-carotene deficiency on pre and postpuberal reproductive performance. All heifers received, ad libitum, a low-carotene basal forage of corn silage, weathered hay and/or straw. Mean serum β-carotene and vitamin A were higher (P < 0.05) in the carotene-supplemented heifers. Beta-carotene supplementation improved (P < 0.05) overall average daily gain, but had no effect on mean age and body weight at puberty, estrous cycle length and services per conception. Mean serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) estradiol-17β, LH and FSH from prepuberty to day 17 of the first estrous cycle were not affected by β-carotene supplementation. Total P4 output during the estrous cycle did not differ between control and β-carotene-supplemented heifers. However, intensity of estrus was weaker (P < 0.01) and interval (h) from LH peak to ovulation was longer (P < 0.01) in the control (low-carotene) heifers. Key words: β-carotene, vitamin A, reproductive performance, prepubertal dairy heifers

CONTRIBUTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF THE MAJOR PLANT COMPONENTS OF OATS THROUGH PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. KILCHER ◽  
J. E. TROELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Stem Lignin ◽  
Plant Components

Two oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars, Harmon and Sioux, and an unlicensed cultivar of Avena orientalis L., referred to as "Yorkton," were harvested at the early leaf, before boot, boot, headed, early bloom, late bloom, milk, dough, and ripe stages. Yorkton gave smaller yields than the other two cultivars at all stages after heading, but was slightly more leafy. Percent leaves by weight for all cultivars varied from near 90% in first cut to about 14% when ripe. Crude protein of leaves declined from 30 to 6% over the nine cuttings whereas that of stems went from 24 to 5%. Leaf lignin increased from 35 to 50% through the whole range of growth whereas stem lignin increased more rapidly from 45 to 70% in a shorter period of time. Leaves had 20% more energy than did stems. They were also 10% more digestible as determined by in vitro digestible organic matter. As whole plant feed there was no advantage in delaying harvest beyond the milk to soft dough stage.

scholarly journals Effect of grain content on the nutritive value of whole-plant corn silage

1994 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
R.N. Jr. Sonon ◽  
B.S. Dalke ◽  
D.L. Holthaus ◽  
L. Pfaff ◽  
K.K. Bolsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Whole Plant

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Diets Containing Pearl Millet Supplemented with Enzyme on the Carcass and Haematological Values of Broiler Chicken

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
John Amedu Edache ◽  
Lydia Inyam ◽  
Stephen Ejembi Edache
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Feeding Diets

Pearl millet, which is comparable to maize in terms of its metabolizable energy content is an identified potential replacement for maize in broiler diets. However, as the competition and price of maize continues to spike, the continuous need to completely replace maize in broiler diets is imperative. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of feeding diets containing pearl millet supplemented with enzyme NatuzymeTM on the carcass characteristics and haematological values of broiler chickens. 150 two weeks-old broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 birds per pen translating into 10 birds per replicate and fed an isonitrogenous (23%CP) starter diet of control diet (A); 0% (B); 10% (C); 20% (D); 30.01% and (E) 37.41 % pearl millet. Similarly, an isonitrogenous (21%CP) finisher diet of control diet (A); 0% (B); 10.64% pearl millet (C); 21.28% (D); 31.92% and (E) 39.27 % of pearl millet for 6 weeks. The birds were randomly allotted to the diets in a completely randomized design with feed and water given ad libitum. With the exception of drumstick of birds fed diet D which was significantly lower than the other diets, the results showed that the carcass values (parameters) of broilers fed 100% pearl millet were similar or non-superior to the control group and the other diets. Similarly, blood parameters were not significantly different between groups. These results show that pearl millet supplemented with enzyme can replace maize in broiler diets without affecting carcass yields and haematological parameters.

WET CAGE LAYER EXCRETA ADDED TO WHOLE PLANT CORN PRIOR TO ITS ENSILING AND EFFECT ON FOOD INTAKE AND UTILIZATION BY SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH ◽  
G. K. MACLEOD ◽  
J. C. JOFRIET
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Key Words Animal ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Extensive Degradation

Corn ensiled with wet cage layer excreta was compared with untreated corn silage supplemented at feeding either with excreta or with soybean meal, in an intake assay and balance study using 25-kg lambs. Comparisons were made at both 10 and 20% inclusion levels (wt/wt, as-is basis) for excreta and to equivalent levels of crude protein from soybean meal, providing six treatments in all. Voluntary intake of dry matter for excreta-silage (mean – 56.8 g/kg0.75 body wt) was lower (P < 0.05) than for corn silage supplemented with excreta (mean – 80.7 g/kg0.75 body wt) which was comparable to the value obtained for silage supplemented with soybean meal. Digestibilities of dry and organic matter were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for all diets containing cage layer excreta compared to soybean meal. Nitrogen retention was lower (P < 0.05) for sheep fed silage supplemented with excreta rather than soybean meal, but was not adversely affected for sheep fed corn ensiled with excreta. Relative to untreated silage, addition of excreta at ensiling caused extensive degradation of free amino acids to amines and ammonia but did not enhance proteolysis. Absolute levels of five amines were increased by 46% in 10% excreta-silage and by 64% in 20% excreta-silage compared to untreated silage (163 mg amine-N/100 g DM). Low intake of excreta-silage may be explained by the amine levels associated with them but it is quite probable that several other factors were involved. Key words: Animal waste, ruminant nutrition, nutritive value, ensiling, corn

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