scholarly journals MILK PRODUCTION IN RANGE BEEF COWS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CALF GAINS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gleddie ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Solid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain

Milk yield in lactating range beef cows was estimated by milking 42 cows four times at approximately monthly intervals during the lactation. Milking was by machine after oxytocin injection. Weights of calves, before and after suckling, over a 24-hour period were used to estimate calf consumption. Breed-age group averages for 24-hour milk yield varied from 3.7 to 8.4 kg, with an overall average of 6.4 kg. Breed of cow accounted for 82.5% of the variance in milk yield in these data. Milk yield declined on the average by 0.02 kg per day of lactation. The correlation between calf consumption and milk yield was 0.58. Butterfat was 3.9% on the average, protein 3.5%, solids-not-fat 9.1% and total solids 13.0%. Breed-age group or month of test did not significantly influence milk constituent percentages, although butterfat and total solids tended to rise as lactation progressed.A good estimate of milk yield was obtained by one test milking. Milk composition based on one test milking was not reliable. Milk yield as estimated in any month was highly related to calf average daily gain from birth to weaning. Use of two test milkings improved the relationship only slightly. Milk solid component percentages showed little relationship to calf gains.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY AND FEEDLOT CATTLE FED SULFUR DIOXIDE-TREATED HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. GIBSON ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of feeding sulfur dioxide (SO2)-treated high-moisture barley (HMB) on the performance of lactating dairy cows and feedlot cattle. High-moisture barley was ensiled or treated with 1% (wt/wt) liquid SO2. In exp. 1, 36 lactating Holstein cows were assigned to three treatments for a 6-wk trial. Diets contained 35% rolled barley on a dry matter (DM) basis and differed only in the type of barley fed: dry barley, ensiled HMB or SO2-treated HMB. While no differences (P > 0.05) were observed in DM intake, milk yield, milk composition, milk taste or odour, cows fed SO2-treated HMB tended to have lower milk yield (21.7 kg d−1) than those fed ensiled (22.6 kg d−1) or dry barley (24.6 kg d−1). In experiment 2, 64 steers were allotted to four dietary treatments: (1) dry barley, (2) ensiled HMB, (3) SO2-treated HMB, and (4) SO2-treated HMB plus sodium bicarbonate. All diets contained 85% barley (DM) and were supplemented with thiamin (5.5 mg kg−1 DM). The results of the feedlot trial were confounded by the feeding of spoiled SO2-treated HMB, primarily between days 29 and 57 of the 96-d trial, at approximately 40% of the diet DM. During the period that spoiled SO2-treated grain was being fed, four steers (two from each treatment) developed polioencephalomalacia. Steers fed SO2-treated HMB (diets 3 and 4), had 10.1% lower DM intake (P < 0.01), 31% lower average daily gain and required 32% more DM per kilogram of gain than steers fed diets 1 or 2 (P < 0.001). Feeding SO2-treated HMB to either dairy or feedlot cattle cannot be recommended at the present time. Key words: Sulfur dioxide, preservative, barley, cattle (dairy, beef)

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of micronutrients of the performance of dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
MM Sharmin ◽  
MA Samad Khan ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Group Control Group ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of micronutrients supplementation on body weight of cows, birth weight of calf, colostrums composition, milk yield and milk composition. Six animals were divided in to two groups viz. control and supplemented group. Control group was provided conventional diet and supplemented group was supplied conventional diet plus vitamin-mineral mixture (1g vitamix powder/1kg concentrate feed) respectively for two months before calving. In supplemented group the average daily gain of the cows was (49.17 g/d) higher (P<0.01) and the calves were 2 kg heavier in supplemented group compared to control group. Fat content and protein content of colostrum in supplemented group were also significantly higher (P<0.01 and 0.05). The milk yield, fat and protein values of milk were increased non-significantly by 1.03 kg/d/h, 2.8 g/kg and 0.3 g/kg respectively. Ca content of milk was more or less similar in both cases. Key words: Milk; Milk protein; Milk fat; Micronutrients; Supplementation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9688 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 151-155

Behavioural changes at weaning in 6-month-old beef calves reared by cows of high or low milk yield

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ungerfeld ◽  
G. Quintans ◽  
D. H. Enríquez ◽  
M. J. Hrötzel
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Instantaneous Sampling ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this experiment was to determine the differences in behavioural changes observed in 6-month-old beef calves at weaning in relation to milk yield availability from their dams. Eighteen Hereford or Hereford × Angus crossbred primiparous cows from a single herd remained with their calves suckling until the beginning of the experiment (194.1 ± 1.9 days after calving). On day 0, calves were moved to a 100-m2 corral far from their mothers, which were taken to a field more than 1000 m away, and returned to the original paddock on day 1. Milk production was determined monthly during the lactation period in 14 of the 18 cows. Calves’ behaviour was recorded using instantaneous sampling of individual animals in each group every 10 min from 0800 to 0950, 1200 to 1350, and 1600 to 1750 hours. Recordings were performed from day –3 to day 5, except on day 0. The calves from the five cows with higher milk yield (HMY) and the calves from the five cows with lower milk yield (LMY) were considered for data analysis. Milk yield was greater in HMY than LMY cows throughout all the lactation. HMY calves tended to suckle more frequently than LMY calves. There were no differences in average daily gain after weaning between HMY and LMY calves. However, HMY calves were heavier at weaning than LMY calves. The frequency of grazing, ruminating, walking and standing differed between HMY and LMY calves, and was affected by weaning. For example, calves from HMY cows spent less time grazing before and after weaning than calves from LMY cows. There were also interactions between group and time on the frequency of these behaviours. Overall, we conclude that the behaviour of 6-month-old beef calves at weaning differed according to their mothers’ milk yield, and their developmental growth stage.

scholarly journals Management strategies to improve cow-calf productivity on meadow bromegrass pastures

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Kopp ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
W. P. McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
The Cost

A 4-yr experiment was conducted to determine the effects of fertilization, incorporation of a legume and use of the Rumensin®-controlled release capsules (CRC) on productivity of cow-calf pairs grazing meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.). Four pasture treatments (T), alfalfa-grass fertilized (AF), alfalfa-grass unfertilized (AU), grass-only fertilized (GF) and grass-only unfertilized (GU), each replicated twice were compared. The eight 3.7-ha pastures were split into five equally sized paddocks and rotationally stocked with first-calf cows in 1995 and 1998, and with mature cows in 1996 and 1997. Half of the cows on each pasture received a Rumensin® CRC 1 wk prior to the start of the pasture season. Cow DMI was not influenced by fertilization or incorporation of a legume. However, cows treated with monensin consumed less (2.3% BW) compared to the control cows (2.5% BW, P < 0.05). Incorporation of alfalfa and fertilization improved pasture quality and resulted in higher CP and lower NDF content in forage selected by the animals. Monensin improved (P < 0.05) cow average daily gain (ADG, kg d-1) when grazing unfertilized grass and alfalfa-grass pastures, but did not influence gains of cows on fertilized pastures. Fertilizer application, legume incorporation and monensin administration did not affect milk yield or milk composition. Despite differences in diet quality, calf ADG for AU, AF, and GF were similar. However, calf ADG was lower for GU pastures (P < 0.05), probably as a result of the high fibre and low protein content of this pasture treatment. Both incorporation of alfalfa and fertilization increased total calf gain (kg ha-1); the greatest improvement was associated with fertilization. There were, however, economic advantages to legume incorporation, as the cost of the additional gain for GF and AF pastures averaged $1.08 and $0.79 kg-1 ha-1, and no extra costs were incurred for AU. Key words: Beef cows, calves, milk yield, pasture productivity, alfalfa, meadow bromegrass

scholarly journals Suplementação em sistema de creep-feeding de bezerros de corte lactentes e avaliação nutricional de matrizes de corte

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
David Steban Conteras Marquez ◽  
Carla Heloisa Avelino Cabral ◽  
Felipe Gomes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Daily Gain

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the productive and nutritional performance of suckling calves fed only a mineral mix (MM) or different levels of multiple supplement and the milk yield and nutritional parameters of beef cows on <em>Uruchloa decumbens </em>pastures. Thirty-two suckling calves, with an average age of 3 months and average initial weight of 109.3 ± 0.84 kg, and their respective mothers, with an average initial weight of 447.2 ± 47.1 kg, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized. The supplement contained approximately 25% crude protein (CP), and treatments consisted of the supply of different of multiple supplement levels for the calves. The levels of supply of the supplements were 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of the body weight for treatments N0.2, N0.4, and N0.6, respectively. The animals from the control treatment (MM) received only an MM <em>ad libitum</em>. The average daily gain (ADG) of the calves was 731.2, 810.6, 822.7, and 895.2 grams for treatments MM, N0.2, N0.4, and N0.6, respectively. Supplemented calves showed greater weight gain. The multiple supplement levels offered to the calves had a positive linear effect (P&lt;0.10) on their ADG. The intakes in kg/ day of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), digestible DM, digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were higher (P&lt;0.10) for animals that received multiple supplements compared with those fed only an MM. The levels of supply of multiple supplements had an increasing linear effect on ether extract (EE) intake, and a quadratic effect was found on DM intake, forage DM, OM, forage OM, CP, NFC, digestible DM, and TDN. The total apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, NDF, NFC, and TDN were higher (P&lt;0.10) for the animals that received multiple supplements. With the levels of supply of multiple supplements, an increasing linear effect was observed on EE digestibility. Calf supplementation did not affect the performance, milk yield, or nutritional parameters of the cows (P&gt;0.10).</p>

scholarly journals 41 Effect of grazing cotton crop residue versus Bermudagrass on performance and economic parameters in late gestation beef cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Dylan B Davis ◽  
Shane r Hernandez ◽  
Lawton Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The residual lint, seed, and leaf remaining after cotton harvest was evaluated as a feedstuff to reduce the amount of hay fed to beef cows during early winter. A study was conducted utilizing 36 crossbred Angus cross cows (BW 491.04 kg) in late gestation. Cows were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to one of four groups, and each group was assigned to one of two treatments: Bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon) (HAY), or cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop residue + Bermudagrass hay (COTTON). All cattle remained on their respective treatments for 30 d, and BW were recorded before and after the feeding period. Hand-grab samples were collected of cotton residue in each field to quantify residue available at the beginning of grazing. Available residue in the cotton groups were 783.17 kg/acre and 911.13 kg/acre. Core samples were collected from each bale of a single lot of hay. The same lot of hay was used for both treatments. Hay was offered ad libitum for the HAY treatment, and hay was offered to the COTTON treatment, starting on d 19. A completely randomized design was used and data were analyzed using a one way analysis of variance. The CP, NDF, and ADF values for hay and cotton residue were 12.3, 62, and 37%, and 23.5, 66, and 57%, respectively. Average daily gain (1.02 and 0.60 kg) and average weight change (34.5 and 20.4 kg) were higher (P &lt; 0.003) for HAY compared to COTTON cows; however, their subsequent calving and breeding performance in the herd were not affected. Average daily hay disappearance for COTTON (5.90 kg/hd) was lower (P &lt; 0.02) compared to HAY (17.19 kg/hd). Overall daily hay cost per head was lower (P &lt; 0.01) for COTTON compared to HAY ($0.65 and $1.89, respectively). These data show that grazing cotton crop residue can reduce feed cost in late gestation beef cows.

Effects of dam parity and pre-weaning average daily gain of Holstein calves on future milk production

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hoseyni ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Davood Zahmatkesh ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain

This research communication describes relationships between pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG) and dam parity with future productivity of dairy calves. Higher ADG before weaning has been shown to be related to greater milk production in the first lactation of Holstein calves fed milk replacer. However, data is limited on the relationship between pre-weaning ADG and first lactation performance of Holstein calves fed whole milk. Data of three hundred and thirty-two Holstein calves from 35 primiparous and 297 multiparous cows was investigated to evaluate the relationship between the dam parity and pre-weaning ADG with the first lactation performance. Results indicated that birth (P < 0·01), and weaning body weight (P < 0·001) were greater in calves born from multiparous cows. Neither 305 d milk production nor pre-weaning ADG differed significantly between calves born to primiparous or multiparous cows, although milk yield tended to be higher in the former and ADG higher in the latter. Correlations between 305 d milk yield and pre-weaning ADG, dam parity and birth body weight were low and non-significant, although there was a tendency for a positive correlation between ADG and milk yield.

scholarly journals Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves1

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1859-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Liu ◽  
A. R. Mays ◽  
K. E. Turner ◽  
J. P. Wu ◽  
M. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Daily Gain

Effects of creep feeding and breed composition on growth of heifer calves and milk production of their dams

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-627
Author(s):  
D. R. C. Bailey ◽  
R. P. Gilbert ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
D. Petitclerc
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Daily Gain

Heifer calves resulting from matings of Angus (A), Hereford (H), or Simmental (S) bulls with A and H cows were used to examine the effects of creep feeding (CREEP) and heifer genotype (CALFBRD; n = 14 AA, 18 HH, 10 AH. 10 HA, 19 SA, 15 SH) on their preweaning average daily gain (ADG) and the milk yield and milk composition of their dams during the 1987 and 1988 grazing seasons. Eight-hour milk yield was estimated by oxytocin-hand milking procedures at 62, 120, and 170 d from the beginning of the calving season. Dependent variables used in repeated measures analyses included heifer calf and cow ADG between consecutive sampling times, 8-h milk yield (MILK), milk composition (grams per 8 h and percent of fat, protein, and lactose in each sample (FATG, FAT%, PROTG, PROT%, LACTG, LACT%, respectively), fat-corrected milk (FCM) and solid-corrected milk (SCM) from each cow at each sampling time. Neither CREEP nor CALFBRD had any effect on any milk yield or milk composition variable except a slight effect of CALFBRD on LACT%. Year differences were found for cow ADG, FATG, FAT%, PROTG, PROT%, LACT%, FCM and SCM, but not for LACTG, MILK or calf ADG. Differences (P≤ 0.001) in calf ADG due to CREEP and CALFBRD were found. Age of cow was a significant source of variation for cow and calf ADG and all milk yield variables, but not for FAT%, PROT%, or LACT%. Time trends (within subject factors) were significant for all dependent variables. Time by Year effects were important for cow and calf ADG, MILK, SCM, PROTG, PROT%, and LACTG. Both the breed composition of calves and supplementation with creep feed influenced calf gains but had no effect on their dam's milk yield, milk composition, or changes in body weight. Key words: Beef cattle, creep feeding, milk yield, milk composition, average daily gain, repeated measurements

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