scholarly journals The relationship between weight, age, and average daily gain to show performance of Georgia 4-H and Future Farmers of America (FFA) commercial dairy heifers

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 986-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. London ◽  
J.K. Bernard ◽  
M.A. Froetschel ◽  
J.K. Bertrand ◽  
W.M. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Future Farmers Of America ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain

An analysis of the variation in the lean tissue distribution of sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sire Breed

ABSTRACTThe distribution of lean tissue between eight standard joints was examined in 956 crossbred lambs slaughtered at constant live weights of either 35 or 40 kg. The sire breeds used were the Dorset Down, Ile-de-France, Oldenburg, Oxford, Suffolk and Texel. Sire breed did not have a significant effect on the proportion of total carcass lean found in the higher-priced joints but did show significant differences in the proportion of total carcass lean found in individual joints, with a maximum difference of 7·7 g total lean per kg joint being recorded. Similarly, small but significant effects due to ewe age (1 to 3 years), rearing type (single, twin, triplet), sex (male castrate, female) and weight of total lean were reported for the proportion of total carcass lean found in different joints.Heritability estimates ranged from 0·07 (s.e. 008) to 0·65 (s.e. 0·16) for the proportion of total lean in the best-end neck and higher-priced joints respectively. Phenotypic standard deviations of 5·8g/kg and 17·9g/kg were reported for the proportion of total lean found in the best-end neck and the higher-priced joints respectively. The genetic correlations between the proportion of total lean in each of the higher-priced joints and the proportion of total lean in the higher-priced joints combined were positive. A genetic correlation of 017 (s.e. 0·20) was found for the relationship between average daily gain from birth to slaughter and the proportion of total lean in the higher-priced joints.

Flight speed as an indicator of Zebu cattle growth performance and suitability to the feedlot environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Désirée Gellatly ◽  
Joslaine N. S. G. Cyrillo ◽  
Aline C. Sant'Anna ◽  
Tiago S. Valente ◽  
Karen Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Over Time

Context Studies assessing the relationship between cattle reactivity and growth performance, as well as suitability to the feedlot, in Zebu cattle are limited. Based on previous studies using Bos Taurus cattle, it is expected that reactivity measured at weaning could be used as a predictor of feedlot performance, and that cattle with greater flight speed (FS) would have reduced average daily gain (ADG). Aims The aims of this study were to (1) determine if FS (m/s) measured before entry into the feedlot could be used as a predictor of cattle performance, (2) evaluate the consistency of FS over time, and (3) determine when FS should be measured to best predict animal suitability to the feedlot. Methods A total of 54 Nellore and 40 Guzerat calves were assessed by using FS, which was collected at the time of (FS0) and 1 week after weaning (FS1), as well as on Day 28 (FS28), 56 (FS56) and 168 (FS168) after entry into the feedlot, and a FS average was calculated using FS28, FS56 and FS168 (FS28–168). Performance using ADG (kg/calf.day) was calculated for each animal over three periods: ADG1–28, ADG28–168 and ADG1–168. Bunk attendance (min/calf.day) was recorded over a 173-day feeding period. Key results The ADG28–168 was reduced by 0.14 kg/calf.day for each unit increase in FS0 (P < 0.05). Both ADG28–168 and ADG1–168 were reduced by 0.02 kg/calf.day for each unit increase in FS1 (P ≤ 0.01), but neither FS0 nor FS1 was associated with ADG1–28 (P > 0.10). A significant increase was observed between FS1 and FS28 (P < 0.01), followed by a reduction in FS56 (P < 0.01) and FS168 (P < 0.01). Conclusion FS measured at or within 1 week of weaning has the potential to be used as an indicator of feedlot growth performance in Nellore and Guzerat cattle. Implications Although our results do not indicate the efficacy of FS as a predictor of early suitability of cattle to the feedlot, it does have the potential to support its recommendation as an indicator of overall feedlot growth performance in Nellore and Guzerat breeds.

scholarly journals Phenotypic relationships between gestation length and preweaning litter traits in rabbits.

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
O. N. Durunna ◽  
U. E. Ogundu
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth

A total of 135 kittens from 22 kindlings were used to determine the relationship between gestation length (GL) and some preweaning litter traits alongside the weight of their 12 dams. Average daily gain at 21 days (ADG21), average litter weight at birth (ALWB), kindling to weaning viability (KWV), litter size at birth{L.SB), litter size at 21 days (LS21), litter weight at 21 days(LW21), litter weight at birth (LWAB), and still birth number (SBN) when subjected to multiple regression analysis revealed non-significant t-test value with GL. However, Average litter weight at 21 days (ALW21) was highly significant (P<0.01) suggesting that such can be used to predict GL. Weight of doe (WOD) was highly significant (P<0.01) showing that such parameter is important for predicting GL. A high R2 value was obtained indicating that the variability in GL is explained by the linearity of the preweaning litter traits and WOD. However the correlation coefficient R, (0.89) revealed a high degree of association between the preweaning litter traits in the rabbits and the weight of doe in a linear form. The F-value was significant at P<0.05 indicating that WOD and the preweaning litter traits in rabbits have significant contribution to the variation in GL. The correlations among traits were positive and significant for majority of the traits, which include live birth number (LBN), ADG21, ALW21, KWV, LS21, and LW21. However SBN had negative correlation with other traits.

scholarly journals 85 Impact of teat order on feed consumption in swine from birth to nursery

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
Callan A Lichtenwalter ◽  
Jason K Apple ◽  
Elizabeth B Kegley ◽  
Tsung Cheng Tsai ◽  
Elizabeth Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total P

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between teat order and its impact on feed consumption in pigs through nursery. Pigs were observed 48 h after birth to be in either a cranial, middle, or caudal teat position. Growth performance data, and active and total plasma ghrelin concentrations (determined by radioimmunoassay) were analyzed from 2 pigs in each position from 6 litters (n = 36) at 7 d of age, 21 d of age (weaning), and 62 d of age (end of the nursery stage) to determine a relationship with teat order. At weaning, pigs were moved to an off-site nursery and housed 2 pigs/pen based on teat position and litter, resulting in 6 pens/teat position. Overall, no effect of teat order was found on average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.91), average daily feed intake (ADFI; P = 0.67), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; P = 0.33), or body weight (P = 0.94) among pigs from each teat position. A linear relationship was found between teat order and ADG (P = 0.01) as well as G:F in nursery phase-1 (P = 0.01) with caudal pigs gaining more rapidly and being more efficient than cranial pigs. Yet, in nursery phase-2, cranial pigs had the greatest ADFI (linear, P = 0.05). No difference was seen in active (P = 0.18) or total (P = 0.63) ghrelin concentrations or the active to total ghrelin ratio (P = 0.68) in relation to teat order, although there were differences in active (P = 0.04) and total (P < 0.01) ghrelin concentrations among the sampling days with the least concentrations being on d 21 for active and total ghrelin. Further study should investigate what factors would contribute to these data contradicting previous inferences about the relationship of teat order and feed consumption in pigs

Effect of frequency of feed delivery on the feeding behaviour, growth, and rumen temperature of limit-fed dairy heifers

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
A. M. Greter ◽  
O. Alzahal ◽  
T. F. Duffield ◽  
B. W. McBride ◽  
T. M. Widowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Rumen Temperature ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Time Spent Feeding ◽  
Daily Gain

Greter, A. M., AlZahal, O., Duffield, T. F., McBride, W. B., Widowski, T. M. and DeVries, T. J. 2014. Effect of frequency of feed delivery on the feeding behaviour, growth, and rumen temperature of limit-fed dairy heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 11–20. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect that frequency of provision of feed, provided in a restricted amount, had on feeding and lying behaviour, growth, and rumen temperature of growing dairy heifers. Twenty-four Holstein heifers (178.2±9.3 d of age; mean±SD), divided into six groups of four, were assigned to each of three treatments using a 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods (21-d adaptation, 7-d data collection). Treatments were delivery of daily allotment of total mixed ration (fed at 2.0% of body weight): (1) once per day (1×; 0800), (2) twice per day (2×; 0800 and 1600), and (3) four times per day (4×; 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000). Average daily gain (ADG) was similar across treatments (0.8 kg d−1). There was a tendency for within-pen variation of ADG (average, per pen, of the absolute difference between individual heifer ADG and pen mean ADG) to be greater with 4× (0.3 kg d−1) and 2× (0.3 kg d−1) compared with 1× (0.2 kg d−1). Both feeding (63.1 vs. 44.2 vs. 51.5 min d−1) and unrewarded (presence at the feed bunk when no feed was present; 49.5 vs. 27.7 vs. 33.1 min d−1) time at the feed bunk decreased with increasing frequency of feed delivery (1×, 2×, and 4×, respectively). Frequency of displacements (3.1 displacements d−1) and number of displacements per unit of feeding time (0.06 displacements min−1) were similar between treatments. Lying time was similar between treatments (802.5 min d−1), while there was an increase in the amount of time spent standing without eating as frequency of feed delivery increased (558.9 vs. 590.0 vs. 604.7 min d−1 for 1×, 2×, and 4×, respectively). Thus, feeding 1× d−1 may prove beneficial for limit-fed heifers as it increases the time spent feeding, and decreases time spent standing without eating and within-pen variation in ADG.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PREPUBERTAL DAIRY HEIFERS ON LOW OR HIGH β-CAROTENE DIETS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-489
Author(s):  
F. R. TEKPETEY ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Β Carotene

Twenty 5-mo-old heifers were assigned randomly to either a no-carotene or a carotene-supplemented grain ration (2–2.5 kg head−1 d−1) for a 10-mo trial to investigate the effect of β-carotene deficiency on pre and postpuberal reproductive performance. All heifers received, ad libitum, a low-carotene basal forage of corn silage, weathered hay and/or straw. Mean serum β-carotene and vitamin A were higher (P < 0.05) in the carotene-supplemented heifers. Beta-carotene supplementation improved (P < 0.05) overall average daily gain, but had no effect on mean age and body weight at puberty, estrous cycle length and services per conception. Mean serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) estradiol-17β, LH and FSH from prepuberty to day 17 of the first estrous cycle were not affected by β-carotene supplementation. Total P4 output during the estrous cycle did not differ between control and β-carotene-supplemented heifers. However, intensity of estrus was weaker (P < 0.01) and interval (h) from LH peak to ovulation was longer (P < 0.01) in the control (low-carotene) heifers. Key words: β-carotene, vitamin A, reproductive performance, prepubertal dairy heifers

scholarly journals MILK PRODUCTION IN RANGE BEEF COWS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CALF GAINS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gleddie ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Solid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain

Milk yield in lactating range beef cows was estimated by milking 42 cows four times at approximately monthly intervals during the lactation. Milking was by machine after oxytocin injection. Weights of calves, before and after suckling, over a 24-hour period were used to estimate calf consumption. Breed-age group averages for 24-hour milk yield varied from 3.7 to 8.4 kg, with an overall average of 6.4 kg. Breed of cow accounted for 82.5% of the variance in milk yield in these data. Milk yield declined on the average by 0.02 kg per day of lactation. The correlation between calf consumption and milk yield was 0.58. Butterfat was 3.9% on the average, protein 3.5%, solids-not-fat 9.1% and total solids 13.0%. Breed-age group or month of test did not significantly influence milk constituent percentages, although butterfat and total solids tended to rise as lactation progressed.A good estimate of milk yield was obtained by one test milking. Milk composition based on one test milking was not reliable. Milk yield as estimated in any month was highly related to calf average daily gain from birth to weaning. Use of two test milkings improved the relationship only slightly. Milk solid component percentages showed little relationship to calf gains.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF BIRTH TYPE, AGE OF DAM, ENTRY WEIGHT AND PRESTATION GAIN ON TEST STATION RESULTS OF RAM LAMBS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. BASARAB ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
R. J. PARKER
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Birth Type

Records on 1820 Suffolk ram lambs from seven test stations were studied to determine the effect of birth type of lamb, age of dam, entry weight and prestation gain on test results at Canadian Record of Performance (ROP) Test Stations. Rams born as singles were heavier (P < 0.05) at station entry and gained more (P < 0.05) from birth to station entry (prestation gain) than rams born as twins or triplets, whereas twins and triplets were similar in this respect (P > 0.05). Weight on test and gain during adjustment period of rams born as singles, twins or triplets reflected these differences. Daily gain of rams on test was not influenced by type of birth. Age of dam did not affect entry weight, prestation gain, daily gain in the adjustment period, on-test weight or daily gain. The relationship between entry weight (EW) and average daily gain on test (ADG) was curvilinear and is described by the equation[Formula: see text]The 95% confidence limits of entry weight for maximum ADG were 16.2–39.8 kg. The relationship between prestation gain (PG) and ADG was also curvilinear[Formula: see text]The 95% confidence limits of prestation gain for maximum ADG were 0.27–0.71 kg d−1. Ram lambs with entry weights and prestation gain outside the 95% confidence limits had lower ADG. Test station results of ram lambs were not affected by birth type of lamb, age of dam, entry weights between 16 and 40 kg and prestation gains between 0.27 and 0.71 kg d−1. Key words: Suffolk, birth type, age of dam, entry weight, prestation gain, station performance

THE EFFICIENCY OF RAISING DAIRY HEIFERS IN DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Н.В. СИВКИН ◽  
П.Ж. САЛУНБЕК ◽  
Н.И. СТРЕКОЗОВ
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Daily Gain

Изучена эффективность выращивания телок молочных пород при различных технологиях. В качестве объекта исследований выступали 14 племенных хозяйств Центрального Федерального округа, разводящих высококровную по голштинам черно-пеструю и голштинскую породы крупного рогатого скота при использовании разных способов содержания и технологических схем выращивания телок до 6-месячного возраста. Содержание молодняка молочного периода на открытом воздухе, относительно помещений, способствует увеличению его сохранности до 12 мес. на 5,2%, а также более высокой энергии прироста и соответственно живой массы как в первый и шестой (на 11,8 кг и 38,1 кг, или 26,6% и 26,0%, Р≤0,01—0,001), так и десятый и двенадцатый месяцы жизни (на 46,1 кг и 52,3 кг, или 19,5% и 18,6%; Р≤0,05). В онтогенезе условия содержания и кормления телят раннего возраста оказывают наиболее существенное влияние на формирование продуктивных качеств скота. Так, в первые 2 мес жизни телки, когда основными кормами являлись цельное молоко и концентраты, коэффициент корреляции между среднесуточным приростом и надоем молока был наиболее высоким, достигая значений: r=0,34—0,42; с содержанием жира и белка на порядок ниже — r=0,19—0,22 и r=0,11—0,13 соответственно. В последующих возрастных периодах выращивания телок, с 4- до 10—12-месячного возраста корреляционная зависимость между этими признаками снижалась до минимальных значений. Studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of raising dairy heifer breeding using various technologies. The object of research were 14 breeding farms of the Central Federal District, breeding high-blooded Black-and-White and Holstein cattle breeds using different methods of housing and technological schemes for raising heifers up to 6 months of age. Housing young calves outdoors compared to building increases their survival rate up to 12 months by 5.2% and increased energy gain and live weight respectively in both the first and sixth months (by 11.8 kg and 38.1 kg, or 26.6% and 26.0%; P≤0.01-0.001) and the tenth and twelfth months (by 46.1 kg and 52.3 kg, or 19.5% and 18.6%; P≤0.05). During ontogeny, the conditions of housing and feeding of young calves have the most significant influence on the formation of productive qualities of livestock. Thus, in the first 2 months of the heifer's life, when the basic fodder was whole milk and concentrates, the correlation coefficient between an average daily gain in body weight and milk production was the highest, reaching the values: r=0.34-—0.42; with fat and protein content an order of magnitude lower - r=0.19-—0.22 and r=0.11—0.13, respectively. During the following age periods of heifer rearing, from 4 to 10—12 months of age, the correlation relationship between these traits decreased to minimum value.

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