scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SEX ON THE RESPONSE OF SELF-FED PIGS TO RATION DILUTION DURING THE FINISHING PERIOD

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Beacom
Keyword(s):  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Basal Ration

Two replicated experiments, involving 256 Yorkshire pigs, were conducted to determine the response of barrows and gilts to dilution of finishing rations. In the first experiment an oat–barley basal ration was diluted with 10% increments of a mixture of alfalfa meal and ground oat hulls. In the second, a wheat–barley basal ration was diluted with 15% increments of each of two diluents, an alfalfa meal – oat hull mixture and ground oat hulls alone.In both experiments, rate of gain of barrows was more adversely affected than that of gilts as the level of ration dilution increased. Dilution of the oat–barley basal ration at the 50% level reduced daily gains of gilts and barrows by 26 and 44% respectively. When the wheat–barley basal ration was diluted with 45% of the mixed diluent, daily gains of gilts were improved slightly while those of the barrows were reduced by 15%. When the oat hull diluent was used at the 45% level, daily gains of gilts and barrows were reduced by 4 and 18% respectively when compared with controls fed no diluent.The alfalfa meal – oat hull diluent, added to the wheat–barley ration, increased the proportion of A grades in barrows and gilts; when added to the oat–barley ration the only improvement occurred with barrows. The oat hull diluent had little effect on carcass grades.

scholarly journals INGREDIENT AND PROCESSING INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN SWINE FEEDS: IV. EFFECTS OF VARIOUS LEVELS AND KINDS OF FIBROUS DILUENTS IN FINISHER RATIONS, FED AS MEAL OR PELLETS, ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF SWINE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

A feeding experiment, of 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 factorial design (two sexes, pellets versus meal, three levels of fiber and five sources of fiber) involving 60 gilts and 60 barrows, weighing initially 100 ± 5 pounds, and individually fed to 200 ± 5 pounds, was carried out. The basal ration was composed of equal parts wheat and barley with soybean oil meal and meat meal as the protein supplement. This ration was diluted with three levels each of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose and ground corn cobs so as to obtain estimated T.D.N. levels in the ration of 62, 65 and 68 per cent. All rations were supplemented with vitamins and minerals. Each ration was fed as meal and as 3/16-inch pellets. Feed was allowed during two 1-hour periods daily and was, therefore, partially restricted.A Cr2O3-marker digestibility study was carried out in mid-test and the carcasses were assessed following slaughter.Daily feed intakes varied, depending on the diluent used, thus revealing that factors other than T.D.N. levels per se influence feed consumption by pigs self-fed rations balanced in other respects. The net effect on digestible energy intake was interpreted for each type of diluent in relation to the attainment of desirable rates of gain and carcass quality of Yorkshire pigs. Digestible energy intakes per day decreased by 43, 43, 36, 56 and 92 kcal. for each 1 per cent increase in the amount of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose or corn cobs, respectively.Pelleting was found to increase digestible energy intakes by 10 to 15 per cent, mainly as a result of improved digestibility of energy components.

Nutrition

1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-88
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Percentage Mortality ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Basal Ration

The vitamin A requirements of the laying pullet. W. C. Russell, C. S. Platt, M.W. Taylor, and D. F. Chichester. New Jersey Stas. Circ. 369, 1936.In the experiments herein reported seven pens of healthy pullets reared on range were started on experiment late in August and continued under confinement for a 12-mo. period. All lots received essentially the same basal ration, but the proportions of yellow corn and white corn and the supplements of alfalfa meal, vitamin A concentrate, and fresh green feed were varied so that the U. S. P. units of vitamin A per pound of feed were 400, 700, 1,300, 2,200, 3,800, 4,100, and 30,000 for lots 1 to 7, respectively. Data are reported on the percentage mortality, live weight changes, egg production, hatchability of eggs, mortality of chicks during the first 2 weeks of life, and vitamin A storage in the livers of the hens.

DIGESTIBILITY AND FEEDLOT STUDIES ON RAPESEED SCREENINGS FOR FEEDER LAMBS

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
J. H. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Cent Moisture ◽  
Moisture Basis ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Matter Basis

Screenings from combine-harvested rapeseed were ground and incorporated as 50 per cent of a pelleted feed containing 36.5 per cent ground oat hulls, 4 per cent dehydrated alfalfa meal, 7 per cent cane molasses, 0.5 per cent urea, 1.0 per cent dicalcium phosphate and 0.5 per cent salt. These pellets composed 0, 33, 67 and 100 per cent of the total concentrate allowance fed with hay to four lots of 20 feeder lambs during a 67-day test. The hay allowance was limited to 1.5 pound/head/day. Grain and pellets were full-fed twice daily. In a parallel digestibility study pellets were substituted for concentrate (mixed wheat, oats and barley) at the following levels: 0, 16.7, 33.3, 50 and 100 per cent and with the hay allowance held constant at 50 per cent of the ration.The pelleted mixture was found to contain 51 per cent T.D.N, and 10.6 per cent D.C.P. (dry matter basis) and when included as one-third of the concentrate fed, the lambs gained 0.47 pound/day. Increasing levels of screenings pellets beyond one-third of the concentrate portion of the ration resulted in decreasing gains proportional to the decline in percentage T.D.N. in the entire ration. Tests for isothiocyanate and thiooxazolidone revealed only traces of these toxic factors.Rapeseed screenings contain 8 to 11 per cent crude protein, about 57 per cent T.D.N. (10 per cent moisture basis), and appear to be satisfactory as an ingredient in ruminant rations.

scholarly journals In Vitro Estimation of the Effect of Grinding on Rumen Fermentation of Fibrous Feeds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Ignacio Rubén Ortolani ◽  
Zahia Amanzougarene ◽  
Manuel Fondevila
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Gas Volume

The fermentation patterns of six fiber sources, soybean hulls (SH), sugarbeet pulp (BP), palm kernel cake (PK), oat hulls (OH), dehydrated alfalfa meal (DA), and barley straw (BS) were evaluated for this study on the effect of their presentation form (non-processed, NP and ground, GR). Substrates were tested in a conventional in vitro batch system, using rumen fluid obtained from ewes fed 0.5 alfalfa hay and 0.5 barley straw. All substrates rendered a higher gas production in GR form (p < 0.05) except for BS but ranked similarly irrespective of the presentation form. Among the substrates, when incubated NP, the highest volume of gas was recorded with BP from 8 h onwards (p < 0.05), whereas OH and BS resulted in the lowest gas volume (p < 0.05). During the first half of the incubation period, methane production was higher in GR than NP (p < 0.05). Among substrates, despite NP or GR, methane production with BP was the highest (p < 0.05). Similarly, the presentation form did not qualitatively affect fermentation, as no differences were observed in volatile fatty acids proportions. The effect of particle size of fibrous substrates does not have a major impact on the rate and extent of the rumen microbial fermentation.

PENAMBAHAN ENZIM CAIRAN RUMEN LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG HEWAN PADA PAKAN BERBASIS WHEAT POLLARD DENGAN PROSES PENGOLAHAN PADA KOMPOSISI KIMIA PAKAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadik Pantaya., dkk
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Basal Ration

The present study was conducted to clarify the effect of addition of enzymes from rumen liquor on performance broiler of pelleting feed with basal ration of wheat pollard with addition of enzymes and processing broiler diets. Ruminal enzymes were extracted from Australian Commercial Cross (ACC) cattles. Application of enzyme on wheat pollard. Enzyme was reacted with wheatpollard and mixed with another feedstuff before steam pelleting process. The combination nine experimental diets were used as follows three levels enzyme supplementation (0, 620 and 1.240 U/kg) and three levels steam temperature at (60, 80 and 100 oC) Feed particles size, hardness, PDI (Pellet Durability Index), moisture content, protein, GE and hemicellulosa were evaluated parameter devided into nine treatmens were used in this research. Data from Completely Randomized Design factorial 3 x 3 were analyzed with Anova, if differences were continued by Duncan’s new multiple range test. Enzyme supplementation decreased feed hardness and PDI. There were interaction beetwen enzyme and temperature for feed moisture content. Hemicellulosa was significantly reduced by steam temperature at 80 and 100 oC and enzyme supplementation 1.240 U/kgKey Words: enzyme liquor rumen, wheat pollard, steam pelleting, feed Chemical composition

scholarly journals Skin regeneration is accelerated by a lower dose of multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells—a paradigm change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertraud Eylert ◽  
Reinhard Dolp ◽  
Alexandra Parousis ◽  
Richard Cheng ◽  
Christopher Auger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Dermal Regeneration Template ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

Abstract Background Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy is under investigation in promising (pre-)clinical trials for wound healing, which is crucial for survival; however, the optimal cell dosage remains unknown. The aim was to investigate the efficacy of different low-to-high MSC dosages incorporated in a biodegradable collagen-based dermal regeneration template (DRT) Integra®. Methods We conducted a porcine study (N = 8 Yorkshire pigs) and seeded between 200 and 2,000,000 cells/cm2 of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal/stem cells on the DRT and grafted it onto full-thickness burn excised wounds. On day 28, comparisons were made between the different low-to-high cell dose groups, the acellular control, a burn wound, and healthy skin. Result We found that the low dose range between 200 and 40,000 cells/cm2 regenerates the full-thickness burn excised wounds most efficaciously, followed by the middle dose range of 200,000–400,000 cells/cm2 and a high dose of 2,000,000 cells/cm2. The low dose of 40,000 cells/cm2 accelerated reepithelialization, reduced scarring, regenerated epidermal thickness superiorly, enhanced neovascularization, reduced fibrosis, and reduced type 1 and type 2 macrophages compared to other cell dosages and the acellular control. Conclusion This regenerative cell therapy study using MSCs shows efficacy toward a low dose, which changes the paradigm that more cells lead to better wound healing outcome.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent effects of insoluble fibre on glucose metabolism: a stratified post hoc analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kabisch ◽  
Caroline Honsek ◽  
Margrit Kemper ◽  
Christiana Gerbracht ◽  
Ayman M. Arafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
One Year ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Aims As the first long-term RCT on insoluble cereal fibre, the optimal fibre trial demonstrated glycometabolic benefits, confirming cohort studies. The combined study intervention of lifestyle recommendations and supplementation with insoluble oat hulls fibre allows to clarify, which amount of fibre is required for a beneficial effect. Methods One hundred and eighty participants with impaired glucose tolerance underwent the one-year PREDIAS lifestyle programme and received a blinded, randomized fibre or placebo supplement for two years. We conducted a regression analyses and cut-off-based tertile comparisons in subjects with full data on dietary compliance (food records and accounted supplement; n = 120) after one year, investigating effects on fasting blood parameters, oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometry. Results We found a nonlinear inverse relation between fibre intake and change in postprandial 2-h glucose levels, showing a metabolic benefit beyond 14 g and a plateau beyond 25 g of total insoluble fibre per day. 2-h glucose levels improved significantly stronger in both upper tertiles (−0.9 [−1.6;−0.2] mmol/l, p = 0.047, and −0.6 [−1.6;0.3] mmol/l, p = 0.010) compared to the lowest tertile (0.1 [−1.2;1.1] mmol/l), also when adjusted for changes in bodyweight. Subjects with the highest fibre intake showed superior effects on fasting and postprandial insulin resistance, hepatic insulin clearance, leucocyte count and fatty liver index. Conclusions Extending the knowledge on the benefits of insoluble oat hulls fibre, our post hoc analysis demonstrates a dose effect for glycaemia and associated metabolic markers. Further research is needed in order to replicate our findings in larger trials.

scholarly journals Veno-venous ECMO as a platform to evaluate lung lavage and surfactant replacement therapy in an animal model of severe ARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Qaqish ◽  
Yui Watanabe ◽  
Marcos Galasso ◽  
Cara Summers ◽  
A adil Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Surfactant Replacement ◽  
Recruitment Maneuvers ◽  
Surfactant Replacement Therapy ◽  
Dosing Strategies ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Saline Lavage ◽  
Protective Systems

Abstract Background There are limited therapeutic options directed at the underlying pathological processes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Experimental therapeutic strategies have targeted the protective systems that become deranged in ARDS such as surfactant. Although results of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) in ARDS have been mixed, questions remain incompletely answered regarding timing and dosing strategies of surfactant. Furthermore, there are only few truly clinically relevant ARDS models in the literature. The primary aim of our study was to create a clinically relevant, reproducible model of severe ARDS requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Secondly, we sought to use this model as a platform to evaluate a bronchoscopic intervention that involved saline lavage and SRT. Methods Yorkshire pigs were tracheostomized and cannulated for veno-venous ECMO support, then subsequently given lung injury using gastric juice via bronchoscopy. Animals were randomized post-injury to either receive bronchoscopic saline lavage combined with SRT and recruitment maneuvers (treatment, n = 5) or recruitment maneuvers alone (control, n = 5) during ECMO. Results PaO2/FiO2 after aspiration injury was 62.6 ± 8 mmHg and 60.9 ± 9.6 mmHg in the control and treatment group, respectively (p = 0.95) satisfying criteria for severe ARDS. ECMO reversed the severe hypoxemia. After treatment with saline lavage and SRT during ECMO, lung physiologic and hemodynamic parameters were not significantly different between treatment and controls. Conclusions A clinically relevant severe ARDS pig model requiring ECMO was established. Bronchoscopic saline lavage and SRT during ECMO did not provide a significant physiologic benefit compared to controls.

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