A COMPARISON OF FIBROUS FEEDSTUFFS IN NON-RUMINANT RATIONS: EFFECTS ON GROWTH RESPONSES, DIGESTIBILITY, RATES OF PASSAGE AND INGESTA VOLUME

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Energy Fraction ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Beet Pulp

Wheat bran, wheat straw, alfalfa, oat hulls, beet pulp, corn cobs and cellulose were added to basal diets at levels; of 8, 16, 24 and 32 per cent and, in a second experiment, at six levels of digestible energy to permit approximately isocaloric comparisons in the range of 2.2 to 3.4 digestible kilocalories per gram of feed dry matter. All diets were designed to be nutritionally adequate on the basis of nutrient content per unit weight of diet. Weanling mice were fed the diets during 14-day growth tests.Digestibility coefficients for the energy fraction were obtained: bran 42; wheat straw 0; alfalfa 37; oat hulls 10; beet pulp 41; corn cobs 14, and cellulose 0 per cent. Estimations of the digestibility of the basal ration by regression methods indicated associative effects, with corn cobs depressing basal digestibility from 89 to 85 per cent and beet pulp, alfalfa and oat hulls depressing it to about 86 per cent.Varied responses were obtained to isocaloric diets depending on the bulk source. For example, on diets containing 2.2–2.4 digestible Calories/gm., mice fed diets containing wheat straw often failed to survive, those fed diets containing beet pulp or cellulose did poorly, but gains of 70 per cent of normal were obtained when wheat bran or oat hulls was the diluent.Relative rates of passage of ingesta were computed by a method involving consideration of feed intakes, energy digestibility, maintenance requirements and weight gains over a fixed period. Bran rations had the highest passage rates; wheat straw, alfalfa and beet pulp the lowest. In vitro measurements indicated that the latter feeds were least capable of swelling in water and presumably occupied less space in the stomach. However, wheat straw and alfalfa tended to retain their physical characteristics throughout digestion.The results of these experiments emphasize the complexity and the importance in non-ruminant nutrition of the fibrous or bulk components of the ration as they influence available energy, feed intake, volume of ingesta at various levels in the gastrointestinal tract, rate of passage and microbial activity.

scholarly journals Influence of inoculum type (ileal, caecal and faecal) on the in vitro fermentation of different sources of carbohydrates in rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Abad-Guzmán ◽  
Jose Antonio Larrea-Dávalos ◽  
Rosa Carabaño ◽  
Javier García ◽  
Maria Dolores Carro
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Different Sources

<p>Two <em>in vitro</em> experiments were performed to analyse the fermentative potential of ileal content, caecal content, soft faeces and hard faeces from adult rabbits. Experiment 1 evaluated 3 doses (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g fresh digesta/g substrate dry matter [DM]) of ileal and caecal digesta as inoculum in 28 h-incubations. Two ileal and 2 caecal inocula were obtained, each by pooling the ileal or caecal digesta of 2 adult rabbits. Pectin from sugar beet pulp (SBP) and the insoluble residue obtained after a 2-step <em>in vitro</em> pre-digestion of SBP and wheat straw were used as substrates. The 0.5 dose produced the lowest (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) amount of gas at 28 h, with no differences (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05) between the 1.0 and 2.0 doses (44.9, 51.6 and 53.8 mL/g substrate DM, respectively; values averaged across inocula and substrates). Experiment 2 evaluated two doses of ileal inoculum (1 and 1.5 g fresh digesta/g substrate DM) and compared ileal digesta, caecal digesta, soft faeces and hard faeces as inoculum for determining <em>in vitro</em> gas production (144-h incubations) of the 3 substrates used in Experiment 1 and wheat starch. Three inocula of each type were obtained, each by pooling either digesta or faeces from 3 rabbits. There were no differences (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05) between the 2 ileal doses tested in gas production parameters, and therefore the 1.0 dose was selected for further ileal fermentations. Starch and pectin showed similar (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05) values of gas production rate and maximal gas production rate when they were fermented with caecal digesta (0.038 vs. 0.043%/h, and 13.7 vs. 15.2 mL/h, respectively), soft (0.022 vs. 0.031%/h, and 9.97 vs. 9.33 mL/h) and hard faeces (0.031 vs. 0.038%/h, and 13.6 vs. 10.8 mL/h), and values were higher than those for SBP and wheat straw; in contrast, values for starch and pectin differed with the ileal inoculum (0.046 vs. 0.024%/h, and 18.4 vs. 6.60 mL/h). Both ileal and caecal gas production parameters were well correlated with those for hard and soft faeces inocula, respectively (r≥0.77; <em>P</em>≤0.040). The ileal inoculum showed a relevant fermentative potential, but lower than that of caecal digesta and soft and hard faeces for all substrates except wheat starch.</p>

scholarly journals INGREDIENT AND PROCESSING INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN SWINE FEEDS: IV. EFFECTS OF VARIOUS LEVELS AND KINDS OF FIBROUS DILUENTS IN FINISHER RATIONS, FED AS MEAL OR PELLETS, ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF SWINE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

A feeding experiment, of 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 factorial design (two sexes, pellets versus meal, three levels of fiber and five sources of fiber) involving 60 gilts and 60 barrows, weighing initially 100 ± 5 pounds, and individually fed to 200 ± 5 pounds, was carried out. The basal ration was composed of equal parts wheat and barley with soybean oil meal and meat meal as the protein supplement. This ration was diluted with three levels each of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose and ground corn cobs so as to obtain estimated T.D.N. levels in the ration of 62, 65 and 68 per cent. All rations were supplemented with vitamins and minerals. Each ration was fed as meal and as 3/16-inch pellets. Feed was allowed during two 1-hour periods daily and was, therefore, partially restricted.A Cr2O3-marker digestibility study was carried out in mid-test and the carcasses were assessed following slaughter.Daily feed intakes varied, depending on the diluent used, thus revealing that factors other than T.D.N. levels per se influence feed consumption by pigs self-fed rations balanced in other respects. The net effect on digestible energy intake was interpreted for each type of diluent in relation to the attainment of desirable rates of gain and carcass quality of Yorkshire pigs. Digestible energy intakes per day decreased by 43, 43, 36, 56 and 92 kcal. for each 1 per cent increase in the amount of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose or corn cobs, respectively.Pelleting was found to increase digestible energy intakes by 10 to 15 per cent, mainly as a result of improved digestibility of energy components.

scholarly journals Influence of particle size and sources of non-starch polysaccharides on postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemia and triacylglycerolaemia in pigs and starch digestionin vitro

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Leclere ◽  
Denis Lairon ◽  
Martine Champ ◽  
Christine Cherbut
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Dietary Fibres ◽  
Beet Pulp

Physico-chemical properties of dietary fibres might be involved in metabolic control, particularly of the postprandial blood glucose response. The aim of the present study was to look at the effects of the content of soluble fibres and of the particle size of solid fibres onin vitroandin vivostarch hydrolysis and on the subsequent glucose absorption as well as the triacylglycerolaemia. Two sources of dietary fibres, one, with soluble fibres (beet pulp), the other with mostly insoluble fibres (wheat bran), were added at the rate of 60 g/kg to a meal simulating human food. The fibre sources were ground in order to obtain two different particle sizes (250 and 500 μm). Beet pulp decreased significantly (P< 0·05) initialin vitrohydrolysis whereas wheat bran increased starch hydrolysis in the first 10 min. Wheat bran and beet pulp, whatever its particle size, lowered the post-prandial triacylglycerol response. No significant effect was found with dietary fibre-supplemented diets on postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic values. High correlation was found between initialin vitrostarch hydrolysis and mean areas under the insulinaemic curves. Thisin vitromodel can be used to predict initialin vivodigestion of carbohydrates from complex foods.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Additives on In Vitro True Digestibility of Wheat and Soybean Straw Pellets

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unal Kılıc ◽  
Emre Gulecyuz
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Guar Meal ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Soybean Straw ◽  
Conservation Method

AbstractThis study was aimed to explore the nutrient content, relative feed values (RFV) and in vitro true digestibilities (IVTD) of wheat straw and soybean straw pellets produced with the addition of molasses, guar meal and sepiolite. In this experiment, 16 groups were created for 2 different straws (wheat/soybean straws), 2 different sepiolite applications (available/not available) and 4 different applications (control, guar meal, molasses, guar meal+molasses) in accordance with the 2×2×4 factorial design. A Daisy incubator was used to determine the IVTD of the feeds. According to the results, molasses and guar meal increased the RFV of soybean straws, while molasses and guar meal treatments and sepiolite did not affect the RFV of wheat straws. It was observed that sepiolite increased the RFV’s of soybean straw for guar meal and guar meal+molasses. The higher IVTD’s were found for guar meal (without sepiolite) treatment of soybean straw and guar meal (with sepiolite) treatment of wheat straw. Molasses and guar meal addition to wheat and soybean straws improved the crude protein contents. In conclusion, straw pelleting can be used as an alternative forage conservation method to close the gap in forage supply during the winter.

scholarly journals Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Digestibility of Fibers and Fiber-Rich Byproducts Used for the Feeding of Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Martin Bachmann ◽  
Sebastian Michel ◽  
Jörg Michael Greef ◽  
Annette Zeyner
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Powdered Cellulose ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Dietary fibers may have positive impact on health and wellbeing of pigs. The study examined physicochemical properties of two lignocelluloses (including and excluding bark), powdered cellulose, Aspergillus niger mycelium, lucerne chaff, soybean shells, wheat bran, and sugar beet pulp in relation to fermentability and digestibility using in vitro batch-culture incubation. Maize starch and a purified cellulose were used as standardized substrates for classification of the test substrates. The substrates covered a wide range regarding their physicochemical properties. Swelling capacity (SC) was 9–411%, water binding capacity (WBC) was 4.4–14.3 g/g dry matter (DM), and water holding capacity (WHC) was 4.1–10.6 g/g DM. Gas production and other fermentation parameters—namely post-incubation pH, CH4, NH3, and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations—revealed a significant fermentation of sugar beet pulp, soybean shells, lucerne chaff, wheat bran, A. niger mycelium, and powdered cellulose, whereas the lignocelluloses were not fermented. Significant correlations were found between the physicochemical properties and the fermentation parameters (p < 0.05). Enzymatic pre-digestion mostly reduced gas, NH3, and SCFA production. In vitro digestibility of DM (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD) was mostly negligible after enzymatic pre-digestion. Fermentation alone led to only 0.10–0.15 IVDMD and 0.14–0.15 IVOMD in lignocelluloses and powdered cellulose, respectively, but 0.44–0.37 IVDMD and 0.46–0.38 IVOMD in the remainder of substrates (p < 0.05). In vitro digestibility was again correlated with the physicochemical properties of the substrates and the fermentation parameters (p < 0.05). The fiber preparations and fiber-rich byproducts were fermented to a relevant extent. In contrast, lignocelluloses were not fermented and can be used rather as bulk material.

MICROPROPAGATION OF CHICKPEA FROM SHOOT TIP AND NODE SEGMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. BARSHILE
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Multiple Response ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
G 12 ◽  
Better Than

Present investigation was undertaken to standardize technique for in vitro micro-propagation of chickpea( Cicer arietinum ) cultivar Vishwas (Phule G 12). Micropropagation method for chickpea was established and this method enabled much more efficient propagation of plants. The present work was aimed at evolving a protocol for rapid multiplication of chickpea using micropropagation technique. Explants from shoot tip and node segment were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and Kinetin (1.0 to 2.5 mg/l) and their growth responses like shooting were elucidated. The maximum multiple response was observed with 2 mg/l concentration of BAP from both types of explant. The highest number of shoots (12.5 ± 0.3) was achieved on MS medium with 2 mg/l BAP using node segments. The medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP was found better than all other concentrations. Individual shoots were transferred to IBA and IAA (1.0-1.5 mg/l) for root induction. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of IBA proved better for rooting. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in greenhouse and established in the pot.

Upgrading wheat straw with urea at a tropical temperature: effects of amount of urea and moisture on in vitro digestibility and pH

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
I.U. Haq ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
On Farm

Urea-ammonia treatment of straws in the tropics involves mixing 1.0 kg of air dry straw with 1.0 kg of a 40 g/kg urea solution and storing under plastic for at least 4 weeks (Schiere and Ibrahim, 1989). The economics of treatment is dependent on the cost of urea. Treatment cost would reduce, if on-farm-produced urine, e.g. cow urine, could be used as a source of urea. However cow urine is dilute and may contain only 10 g/kg urea or less (Owen, 1993). The present study therefore investigated varying concentrations of urea solution for treating wheat straw at a tropical temperature.

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