Dose-response of injected recombinant porcine prolactin on concentrations of prolactin in lactating sows

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Horth ◽  
J.-P. Laforest ◽  
C. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
Sustained Increase

HBlood profiles of prolactin (PRL) were obtained in sows after receiving a s.c. injection of 0 mg (n = 7), 5 mg (n = 10), or 15 mg (n = 9) of recombinant porcine prolactin (pPRL) on days 6 and 20 of lactation. The 15-mg dose of pPRL increased PRL concentrations (P ≤ 0.01) from 15 min to 11 h post-injection at both 6 and 20 d of lactation, whereas a sustained increase in PRL (P ≤ 0.05) following the 5-mg dose was seen on day 20 only, and lasted from 1 to 7 h post-injection. The results demonstrate that stage of lactation, as well as dose and time since PRL injection affect the PRL response of lactating sows to exogenous pPRL. Key words: Sow, lactation, prolactin, injection

EFFECT OF STAGE OF LACTATION AND OF DAILY INJECTIONS OF GRF AND TRF ON SERUM CORTISOL IN LACTATING SOWS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROBERT ◽  
A.-M. B. DE PASSILLÉ ◽  
N. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
P. DUBREUIL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Key Words Cortisol

Two experiments were conducted with 51 primiparous sows to determine the effects of stage of lactation and treatment with growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) on serum cortisol concentrations and pulse profiles. Animals were injected with either saline, GRF (20 μg kg−1 in both experiments), TRF (1 μg kg−1 and 9 μg kg−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively) or GRF-TRF (administered in combination at the levels mentioned above). Peptides were given subcutaneously twice daily between days 5 and 25 postpartum. In exp. 1, mean cortisol levels were higher on day 5 than on subsequent sampling days due to higher peak amplitudes. This result is discussed with respect to stress. Mean serum cortisol concentrations did not vary significantly between days 5, 15 and 25 of lactation in exp. 2. No evidence of a morning peak and late afternoon low was observed in cortisol secretion of sows during lactation. Finally, none of the hypothalamic factor treatments altered the basal serum concentrations or the peak amplitudes of cortisol. However, in exp. 2, the frequency of cortisol peaks was lower for the GRF- and TRF-treated sows than for the control and GRF-TRF sows. Key words: Cortisol, GRF, TRF, lactation, sows

241 Evaluation of a DFM and OA, Alone or in Combination, on Sow Reproductive and Litter Growth Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Jacob A Richert ◽  
Karissa N Rulon ◽  
Matthew D Asmus ◽  
Daniel B Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Forty-seven sows and their progeny were used to determine if feeding gestating and lactating sows a Bacillus licheniformis direct-fed microbial (DFM), an organic acid blend of medium chain and short chain fatty acids (OA), or in combination improves sow lactation feed and water intake, litter growth, and subsequent reproductive performance. On approximately d80 of gestation, sows were fed one of four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial design: 1) gestation control (CON; 0.55% SID Lysine), 2) CON with DFM (1.6x109 CFU/kg of complete feed), 3) CON with 0.4% OA, 4) CON with both DFM and OA. Dietary treatments were also fed throughout lactation (1.00% SID Lysine) starting on approximately d112 of gestation when sows entered farrowing facility. There was a tendency (P = 0.079) for DFM to decrease the amount of sow body weight loss in lactation by approximately 6% compared to sows not consuming the DFM, likely related to DFM sows numerically (P = 0.124) consuming 8.4% more feed during d7-14 of lactation. Sows fed the OA diets had fewer mummies/litter (P = 0.038) compared to diets not containing OA. Sows fed diets with the DFM gave birth to lighter pigs born alive (P = 0.003) compared to non-DFM fed sows, and a tendency for an interaction (P = 0.092) existed where feeding OA+DFM lessened the decrease in born alive BW. There was an interaction tendency (P = 0.133) where sows fed DFM returned to estrus 22 hours sooner than CON, but only 8 hours sooner when sows were fed the OA+DFM diet. In conclusion, feeding a Bacillus licheniformis DFM to sows may decrease pig born alive weight but reduce sow BW loss through 6.4% more lactation feed intake, quickening the return to estrus. Feeding the OA alone or in combination did not improve sow reproductive and litter growth performance in this study, and may require a larger sample size.

Energy Balances of Lactating Sows in Relation to Feeding Level and Stage of Lactation

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W.A. Verstegen ◽  
J. Mesu ◽  
G.J.M. van Kempen ◽  
C. Geerse
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Level ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Energy Balances

Changes of serum and blood volumes during gestation and lactation in multiparous sows

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Matte ◽  
C. L. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Blood Volumes

Changes of serum and plasma volumes were determined in 36 gestating sows and 20 lactating sows at their second parity. There was no change (P > 0.05) in blood and serum volumes between 4 wk pre-mating and 1 wk post-mating. During gestation, blood and serum volumes increased by approximately 25%, with most of this increase occurring between 11 and 14 wk of pregnancy (P < 0.006). From parturition to weaning at 4 wk of lactation, serum and blood volumes decreased linearly (P < 0.02) by approximately 9%. Key words: Serum volume, blood volume, packed red cell volume, sow

Multiple crossfostering: effects on prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol in lactating sows

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
S. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Lactating Sows

Crossfosterings of three piglets were done on days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 of lactation in seven litters. On day 3 of lactation, serum cortisol increased in sows during piglet isolation when compared to before (P = 0.02) or after (P = 0.08) adoption, while GH and prolactin were not affected by isolation (P > 0.1). Mean or maximal values of all hormones were not different after than before adoption (P > 0.1). Key words: Sows, lactation, crossfostering, prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone, nursing

The effect of urethane on pituitary-adrenal function of female rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Hamstra ◽  
Deborah Doray ◽  
Jon D. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Urethane Anaesthesia ◽  
A Site ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression ◽  
Sampling Times ◽  
Sustained Increase

Abstract. Urethane anaesthesia resulted in rapid and sustained increase in plasma corticosterone levels of adult female rats both in the (a.m.) AM and (p.m.) PM. Initial corticosterone levels of non-injected control rats showed marked AM-PM differences (i.e., 28.3 μg/dl and 52.6 μg/dl, respectively), but by 10 min post-injection, the morning corticosterone levels were increased (76.2 μg/dl) such that AM-PM differences were not observed. By 30 min post-injection, PM plasma corticosterone levels had increased significantly (88 μg/dl) but were not different from AM values for the remainder of the 2 h experiment. Saline injected controls showed the expected response to stress; plasma corticosterone levels were increased (P < 0.01) at 10 min but were back to baseline by 45 min (9.0 μg/dl). Dexamethasone (100 μg/dl). sc) markedly suppressed both AM and PM urethane-stimulated corticosterone levels. However, diurnal differences in dexamethasone suppression were noted; whereas morning plasma coticosterone levels averaged 24.8 μg/dl over the five sampling times corresponding PM values averaged 54.3 μg/dl. Plasma corticosterone levels of non-anaesthetized, hypophysectomized ACTH-primed and injected rats were not different from those similarly treated and anaesthetized with urethane and urethane-induced increases in corticosterone were not abolished by hypothalamic isolation (HI). However, plasma corticosterone levels of HI rats were less than those of shamoperated controls (i.e., 58 μg/dl and 74 μg/dl, respectively). Collectively, these data indicate that urethane evokes a sustained increase in pituitary-adrenal activity, that the increased activity is dexamethasone sensitive and that a site of action for pituitary-adrenal activation is, at least in part, at the level of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex.

scholarly journals Modified relative dose response values differ between lactating women in the United States and Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (9) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Sheftel ◽  
Kara A Bresnahan ◽  
Tetra Fadjarwati ◽  
Sherry A Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Population Surveys ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Modified Relative Dose Response

The modified relative dose response (MRDR) test distinguishes between vitamin A (VA) deficiency and sufficiency using the molar ratio of 3,4-didehydroretinol to retinol (DR:R) in serum 4–6 h after administering 3,4-didehydroretinyl acetate (DRA). Research in sows demonstrated that serum and milk DR:R are correlated. Two studies determined VA status in lactating women and investigated breast milk as a surrogate for serum in the MRDR test in VA-adequate women. A secondary outcome compared serum with milk carotenoids in US women. Lactating US (24–40 years old, n =  25) and Indonesian (22–40 years old, n =  18) women were given 8.8 µmol DRA. Subjects were allocated to three collections (3–48 h post-dose) for blood and milk ( n =  4–10/time point). DR, retinol, and carotenoids were determined by HPLC. Serum DR:R time-courses were evaluated in all women and DR kinetics analyzed by noncompartmental modeling in the US and VA-deficient Indonesian women. Indonesian women had a higher proportion of VA deficiency by MRDR (61%) than US women (0%). Milk DR concentration was higher than serum. In US women, serum and milk DR:R were correlated at 5 h ( r =  0.86, P <  0.01) but not at 6 or 7 h. Serum DR kinetics ( tmax = 8, t1/2 = 15.3 h) were similar to those in VA-adequate lactating sows ( tmax = 7.5 ± 1.9, t1/2 = 17.4 ± 4.5 h) but varied in milk (human: tmax = 12, t1/2 = 22.4 h; sow: tmax = 14.4 ± 9.8, t1/2 = 71.8 ± 51.2 h). Carotenoids in milk differed from serum ( P <  0.001), with β-cryptoxanthin enrichment. Serum but not milk VA kinetics were similar between women and sows. Milk DR:R may represent a simpler VA biomarker in lactating women vulnerable to VA deficiency, but requires further validation. Impact statement Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is a major health issue globally, and lactating women are particularly vulnerable due to increased needs for milk production. Accurate detection of VA deficiency is important; however, most population surveys measure VA status using serum retinol, which is affected by inflammation and lacks sensitivity. The modified relative dose response (MRDR) test qualitatively distinguishes between VA deficiency and sufficiency and could improve population surveys if completed in a randomly selected subsample of individuals in surveys. The original relative dose response test required two blood samples, while MRDR requires only one, a significant improvement in accessibility of the technique by decreasing burden on subjects and investigators. This work demonstrates significant deficiency in Indonesian women compared with US women. In combination with previous research using lactating sows, these human data support milk as a surrogate for blood in the MRDR, which may be less invasive, but requires further validation.

The effect of grouping time and gonadotrophin treatment on lactational oestrus in multisuckled sows

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
S A Edwards ◽  
K Gall ◽  
M Shanks ◽  
H Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Successful Induction ◽  
Cost Of Production

Loose housing of sows and their litters during lactation and removal of the need for early weaning offers substantial benefits for both animal welfare and cost of production. However, commercial application of such a system is dependent on achieving early and synchronous pregnancy in lactating sows. It is known that the occurrence of lactational oestrus can be facilitated by the combined stimuli of grouping, a high plane of nutrition and the presence of a mature boar. However these stimuli were only partially successful in inducing synchronised oestrus in an earlier experiment (Hatet et al, 1994). Administration of exogenous gonadotrophin to newly weaned sows has been shown to shorten and reduce variation in weaning to oestrus interval (Lancaster et al, 1985). The endocrine response of lactating sows to exogenous gonadotrophin has been shown to vary with stage of lactation (Britt et al, 1985). In this experiment, the role of these two factors in the successful induction of early and synchronous pregnancy in multisuckled sows was investigated.

Reducing ambient temperature in farrowing houses with a new controlled-environment system

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
Y. Choinière
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Heat Lamp ◽  
System P ◽  
Sow Lactation

Forty first-parity sows were randomly allocated to a standard (STD; n = 21) or controlled (CET; n = 19) environmental temperature system in the farrowing house. In all cases, heat lamps were installed on one side of the sows, 60 cm from the floor. With the CET system, electronically controlled (EC) heat lamps surrounded by a niche were used. Niches had an acrylic top and three sides of plastic strips that piglets could easily go through. Room temperature was 21 °C with the STD system while it was gradually lowered with CET to attain 15 °C on day 8 postpartum. Within 48 h of birth, litters were standardized to 9 ± 1 pigs. Daily feed and water consumption of sows were recorded as well as growth rate and survival of piglets. Sows' posture and piglets' activity were recorded three times daily throughout lactation. Ambient temperature did not affect (P > 0.1) feed or water intakes of sows during lactation, nor weights or survival of piglets until day 56. From day 2 until weaning (day 23), there was a mean increase of 21% in the frequency of piglets lying in the lamp zone when comparing the CET with the STD system (P < 0.001). A mean increase of 59% in the frequency of piglets being in the lamp zone with the CET system was also noticed from day 8 for active piglets (P < 0.05). Sows were, on average, 77% more active with the CET than with the STD system (P < 0.01) from days 5 to 15 of lactation and the proportion of time they spent lying on the side relative to the total lying time was greater from day 8 until the end of lactation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, gradually decreasing farrowing room temperature to 15 °C has no detrimental effects on the performance of sows and piglets and increases the use of the lamp zone, provided that the environment in this area is well controlled. Key words: Sow, lactation, ambient temperature, farrowing room, behavior, creep heat lamp

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