Reducing ambient temperature in farrowing houses with a new controlled-environment system

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
Y. Choinière
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Heat Lamp ◽  
System P ◽  
Sow Lactation

Forty first-parity sows were randomly allocated to a standard (STD; n = 21) or controlled (CET; n = 19) environmental temperature system in the farrowing house. In all cases, heat lamps were installed on one side of the sows, 60 cm from the floor. With the CET system, electronically controlled (EC) heat lamps surrounded by a niche were used. Niches had an acrylic top and three sides of plastic strips that piglets could easily go through. Room temperature was 21 °C with the STD system while it was gradually lowered with CET to attain 15 °C on day 8 postpartum. Within 48 h of birth, litters were standardized to 9 ± 1 pigs. Daily feed and water consumption of sows were recorded as well as growth rate and survival of piglets. Sows' posture and piglets' activity were recorded three times daily throughout lactation. Ambient temperature did not affect (P > 0.1) feed or water intakes of sows during lactation, nor weights or survival of piglets until day 56. From day 2 until weaning (day 23), there was a mean increase of 21% in the frequency of piglets lying in the lamp zone when comparing the CET with the STD system (P < 0.001). A mean increase of 59% in the frequency of piglets being in the lamp zone with the CET system was also noticed from day 8 for active piglets (P < 0.05). Sows were, on average, 77% more active with the CET than with the STD system (P < 0.01) from days 5 to 15 of lactation and the proportion of time they spent lying on the side relative to the total lying time was greater from day 8 until the end of lactation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, gradually decreasing farrowing room temperature to 15 °C has no detrimental effects on the performance of sows and piglets and increases the use of the lamp zone, provided that the environment in this area is well controlled. Key words: Sow, lactation, ambient temperature, farrowing room, behavior, creep heat lamp

Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

Transition metal free, green and facile halogenation of ketene dithioacetals using a KX–oxidant system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishakha Rai ◽  
Ganesh Shivayogappa Sorabad ◽  
Mahagundappa Rachappa Maddani
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Ketene Dithioacetals ◽  
System P ◽  
Oxidative Halogenation ◽  
Potassium Halide

A facile oxidative halogenation of α-oxo ketene dithioacetals is achieved by using a potassium halide and an oxidant combination under transition metal free conditions at ambient temperature.

Pure room temperature phosphorescence emission of organic host-guest doped system with quantum efficiency of 64%

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Wenbo Dai ◽  
Qian Junjie ◽  
Yunxiang Lei ◽  
Miaochang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature Phosphorescence ◽  
Halogen Atoms ◽  
System P ◽  
Phosphorescence Emission

A new doped system with pure phosphorescent emission is constructed using four 1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-2-phenylethan-1-one derivatives containing halogen atoms as the guests and benzophenone as the host. That is, the doped system...

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

Synthesis and aldol cyclotrimerization of 4,7-di-tert-butylacenaphthenone

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron W Amick ◽  
Keith S Griswold ◽  
Lawrence T Scott
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthetic Intermediates

An efficient gram scale synthesis of the previously unknown 4,7-di-tert-butylacenaphthenone (3b) is reported. The facile isomerization of epoxide 9b to ketone 3b occurs simply on stirring a solution of 9b with silica gel at room temperature. Aldol cyclotrimerization of 3b with titanium tetrachloride gives 2,5,8,11,14,17-hexa-tert-butylde cacyclene (1b) in 58% isolated yield. X-ray crystal structures have been obtained for the synthetic intermediates 4,7-di-tert-butylacenaphthene (2b) and 4,7-di-tert-butylacenaphthylene (8b).Key words: aromatic, decacyclene, hydrocarbon, nonalternant, polycyclic.

Change in the Properties of a Lead-acid Battery Depending on the Cycling Speed and the Ambient Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Jana Zimáková ◽  
Petr Baca ◽  
Martin Langer ◽  
Tomáš Binar
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Cycling Speed ◽  
Lead Acid

This work deals with lead-acid batteries, their properties and individual types that are available on the market. The temperature dependences of the battery parameters at different ambient temperatures and at different discharging and charging modes are measured. 6 batteries are tested at different charging currents, which provides information about their behavior both during discharge and at the time of charging. During the experiments, testing is not only performed at room temperature, but the batteries are also exposed to high temperatures up to 75 °C.

Influence of the environmental temperature on the post-partum testosterone surge in the rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roffi ◽  
F. Chami ◽  
P. Corbier ◽  
D. A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Foster Mother ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract. In the neonatal male rat, a rapid and transient increase in serum testosterone occurs about 2 h after birth. This post-partum testosterone surge (PPTS) has been implicated in the masculinization and defeminization of the central nervous system. The present study shows that environmental temperature can have a profound influence on the PPTS. Male rats were delivered from their mothers by caesarean section on day 22 of gestation. Immediately thereafter, neonatal males were placed at an ambient temperature of either 18, 21, 24 or 30°C. With 2 h of exposure, the body temperature was in close correspondence with the ambient temperature. The PPTS was clearly abolished in the pups exposed for 2 h at either 18 or 21°C. The effect of temperature was reversible: by placing pups at either 18 or 21°C for 2 h after delivery, and then rewarming by placing them with a foster mother, the PPTS was delayed until 4 h after birth, i.e. 2 h after the beginning of rewarming. Thus, environmental cooling appears to retard the development of neural and/or endocrine systems mediating the PPTS. Aberrant maternal care which would produce substantial cooling of the male pups would be expected to affect the PPTS, which in turn might affect the sexuality of male progeny.

scholarly journals Solvent-free hydrogenation of cyclohexene over Rh-TUD-1 at ambient conditions

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (60) ◽  
pp. 34370-34373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhamed Benaissa ◽  
Abdullah M. Alhanash ◽  
Ahmed T. Mubarak ◽  
Morad Eissa ◽  
Taher Sahlabji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Total Conversion ◽  
Free System ◽  
Liquid Phase Hydrogenation ◽  
System P ◽  
Solvent Free System

Total conversion of cyclohexene to cyclohexane was achieved in a liquid phase hydrogenation reaction at room temperature, 1 atm H2 pressure and solvent-free system.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MATURITY STAGES ON QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF “SOLO” PAPAYA FRUITS DURING STORAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Sensorial Evaluation ◽  
Stage 1

“Solo” papaya fruits were harvested in October, 2016 & 2017 seasons from a commercial orchard located in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Papaya fruits were harvested at three maturity stages: 25% yellow (stage 1), 50% yellow (stage 2) and 100% yellow (stage 3) and evaluated during storage at ambient temperature (20°C ± 2) for 4 days + at 80- 85% RH or during cold storage at 6°C + 90- 95% RH for 20 days. Papaya fruits softened very rapidly at room temperature after harvest and had 4 days shelf life. However, the fruit can be stored for 20 days at 6°C with little changes in firmness and the fruit apparently progressed in normal ripening upon removal to ambient temperature (20°C) for 3 days. All colour values (a*, L* and C*) were linearly increased during cold storage. Conversely, as a result of colour change from green to orange-red, h° values decreased. Soluble solids content was not affected during ripening at 20°C and remained steady. Fruit harvested at stage 2 and stored at 6°C for 20 days following 3 days at 20°C had superior score for sensorial evaluation.

scholarly journals Studi Kemampuan Penyerapan Panas pada Atap Rumah Seng Berwarna Terhadap Intensitas Matahari dalam Mengatasi Global Warming

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin ◽  
Teuku Zulfadli ◽  
Andi Mulkan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Temperature Observation ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Black Color

The environmental temperature has increased significantly reaching 33oC as felt by the community, one of which is in the Aceh region which triggers Global Warming. As a result of the increase in temperature in the Aceh area, many buildings and houses become uncomfortable especially during the daytime because most house with zinc roof. This will cause the temperature in the house and the air around it to increase. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on the study of heat absorption on colored zinc roofs. This research method is to calculate the heat absorption (sun intensity) in zinc that has been coated with several kinds of colors such as white, red, blue, yellow and black. The purpose of this study was to determine the color that has the least amount of heat absorption to the sun's intensity. The highest room temperature on zinc-coated black is 49.2° C and the lowest is in white.  40.9°C from the pen. In the environmental temperature observation, there is the highest temperature at 12.00.  Room temperature increased the highest temperature at 12.00 on black zinc.  The distribution of room temperature can be averaged with a yellow color of 46.0°C, a black color of 49.2°C, a blue of 45.5°C and a white zinc of 40.9 oC.  The heat absorbed in the room is 47.9 joules, so from the overall average of the test it can be described that the room temperature is 45.6 and the zinc temperature is 53.8oC from the highest temperature difference at 12.00 WIB, room temperature and 13.00 WIB the highest absorption occurs at zinc temperature.

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