scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TREATING FABA BEANS WITH FORMALDEHYDE OR VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CALVES AND FISTULATED SHEEP

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Total N ◽  
Faba Beans

Twenty-four Holstein calves were allotted to three pelleted diets containing 8.4% soybean meal (SBM) or 18% faba beans treated with water or formaldehyde (FA) to determine the influence on animal performance of reducing the solubility of the faba bean protein. A 1:5 dilution of commercial formalin (37% FA) was applied to the ground faba beans to supply 1.5 g FA/100 g protein. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in dry matter (DM) intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency among calves fed the three diets for 84 days; but FA treatment of the faba beans tended to improve the daily weight gain and feed efficiency of calves compared with diets containing SBM or water (W)-treated faba beans. FA treatment depressed (P > 0.05) the blood urea N and rumen fluid ammonia N of the calves. Apparent digestibilities of DM, crude protein (CP) and energy, as measured with mature sheep, were not statistically different (P > 0.05) among the three diets. Three sheep fitted with cannulas in the abomasum and ileum were fed diets containing faba beans treated with W, FA or volatile fatty acids (VFA) (57% acetic acid and 39% propionic acid). A slight depression (P > 0.05) in apparent digestibility of CP was observed when FA or VFA-treated faba beans were fed compared to W-faba beans. VFA treatment tended to increase the N retention by sheep compared with W-faba or FA-faba. A significant reduction (P < 0.05) in blood urea and rumen fluid ammonia 1 h after feeding was observed in sheep receiving the FA-faba diet compared with other diets. FA and VFA treatments increased the flow of DM, total N and protein N through the abomasum of sheep compared with W-faba bean diet.

Biological and productive parameters of ruminants fed by the complex of feed additive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Боголюбова ◽  
В. Романов ◽  
В. Короткий
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Period ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Amylolytic Activity ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Control Group

Проведены физиологический и научно-производственный эксперименты в условиях физиологического двора ФГБНУ «ФНЦ ВИЖ им. Л. К. Эрнста». Первый — методом групп-периодов (в контрольный период животные получали основной рацион, в опытный — хвойно-энергетическую добавку из расчёта 2,5 мл на 10 кг живой массы), второй эксперимент — на двух группах (контрольной и опытной) бычков по той же схеме. При проведении эксперимента изучали показатели рубцового пищеварения (рН, общее количество летучих жирных кислот, концентрацию аммонийного азота, амилолитическую активность, содержание биомассы простейших и бактерий), биохимические и клинические показатели, среднесуточный и валовой прирост живой массы. Включаемая в состав рациона питания подопытных овец энерго-витаминно-минеральная добавка оказывала благотворное действие на микробиологические и ферментативные процессы в преджелудках, проявляющееся в повышении содержания общей микробной массы, образования летучих жирных кислот — на 0,25‒1,13 мМоль/100 мл, амилолитической активности рубцовой жидкости — на 3,27 Е/мл (Р < 0,05). Отмечалось большее общее количество переваренных питательных веществ и коэффициенты переваримости сухого и органического вещества, сырого протеина, сырого жира — на 6,9 абс.% (Р < 0,05), сырой клетчатки — на 2,5 абс.%. Анализ биохимических показателей крови овец выявил улучшение состояния белкового обмена в организме животных в опытный период, на что указывает повышение концентрации общего белка в крови на 14,1% (Р < 0,05), повышение концентрации альбуминов — на 32,8% (Р <0,05) и альбумино-глобулинового соотношения. У ярок в опытный период отмечали повышение концентрации глюкозы в крови на 11,4%. Среднесуточный прирост бычков опытной групп был на 6,3% выше, чем в контроле. To test their physiological parameters ruminants consumed the basic diet in the control period while in the experimental one they received high-energy supplement from needle leaves. Farm experiment took place on control and experimental groups of male calves by the same scheme. Experiment tested ruminal digestion (рН, total amount of volatile fatty acids, ammonium nitrogen content, amylolytic activity, protist and bacterium concentration), biochemical and clinical parameters, average daily and gross weight gain. Energy-vitamin-mineral supplements positively affected microbiological and enzymatic processes in forestomach, increasing total microbial mass, production of volatile fatty acids — by 0.25‒1.13 mmol/100 ml, amylolytic activity of ruminal fluid — by 3.27 U/ml (Р < 0,05). Higher values were obtained for total amount of digested nutrients and digestion coefficients of dry, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat — by 6.9 % (Р < 0,05), crude fiber — by 2.5 %. Sheep blood biochemical characteristics showed improved protein metabolism during the experimental period, leading to higher concentration of total blood protein by 14.1% (Р < 0,05), albumins — by 32.8% (Р <0,05) and albumin/globulin ratio. Gimmers showed higher concentration of blood glucose by 11.4%. Average daily weight gain of male calves exceeded the control group by 6.3%.

scholarly journals The effect of different physical forms of starter feed on rumen fermentation indicators and weight gain in calves after weaning

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leoš Pavlata ◽  
Ondřej Šťastník ◽  
Štěpánka Křivová ◽  
Hana Dočkalová ◽  
Lenka Sedláková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different physical forms of starter feed on rumen fermentation indicators of calves after weaning and their weight gain. The experiment was performed with Czech Fleckvieh calves after weaning. The calves were fed ad libitum completely pelleted starter feed or texturized starter feed with chopped straw. The rumen fluid samples were collected after a month of feeding the starter feeds. The calves were weighed monthly. The pH, total acidity, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactic acid, ammonia and the number of rumen ciliate protozoa were determined in the rumen fluid samples. The calves receiving the starter feed with straw showed significantly higher rumen pH (6.24 ± 0.51 vs. 5.58 ± 0.30), total volatile fatty acids (98.02 ± 20.46 vs. 61.40 ± 26.51 mmol/l), molar proportion of acetate (61.20 ± 4.87 vs. 50.53 ± 4.66%), and the acetate:propionate ratio (2.38 ± 0.53 vs. 1.34 ± 0.18) and lower molar proportion of propionate (26.55 ± 4.48 vs. 37.92 ± 3.58%) compared with the calves receiving pelleted starter feed. Average daily gain of the calves did not differ significantly. The feeding of starter feed with chopped straw compared with the pelleted starter feed led to better development of the rumen fermentation evaluated by rumen pH, by total volatile fatty acids production, and by the proportion and ratio of acetic and propionic acids. The feeding of starter feed with chopped straw reduced the occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis in the weaned calves.

scholarly journals Identification of the Potential Role of the Rumen Microbiome in Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in Dairy Cows Using Metagenomic Sequencing

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Peng Peng ◽  
Yanan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Prevotella Species

The rumen contains abundant microorganisms that aid in the digestion of lignocellulosic feed and are associated with host phenotype traits. Cows with extremely high milk protein and fat percentages (HPF; n = 3) and low milk protein and fat percentages (LPF; n = 3) were selected from 4000 lactating Holstein cows under the same nutritional and management conditions. We found that the total concentration of volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, and propionate in the rumen fluid was significantly higher in the HPF group than in the LPF group. Moreover, we identified 38 most abundant species displaying differential richness between the two groups, in which Prevotella accounted for 68.8% of the species, with the highest abundance in the HPF group. Functional annotation based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG), and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) databases showed that the significantly more abundant species in the HPF group are enriched in carbohydrate, amino acid, pyruvate, insulin, and lipid metabolism and transportation. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that specific microbial taxa (mainly the Prevotella species and Neocallimastix californiae) are positively correlated with total volatile fatty acids (VFA). Collectively, we found that the HPF group was enriched with several Prevotella species related to the total VFA, acetate, and amino acid synthesis. Thereby, these fulfilled the host’s needs for energy, fat, and rumen microbial protein, which can be used for increased biosynthesis of milk fat and milk protein. Our findings provide novel information for elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of the rumen in the formation of milk composition.

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

scholarly journals Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

Intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniimodulated rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qendrim Zebeli ◽  
Sarah J Terrill ◽  
Alberto Mazzolari ◽  
Suzanna M Dunn ◽  
Wen Z Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Profile

This study evaluated the effects of intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniion ruminal fermentation patterns, the profile of plasma metabolites, and milk yield and composition of mid-lactation dairy cows. Eight primiparous, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were arranged in a paired 2×2 crossover design. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) intraruminal inoculation of 35 ml suspension per day ofM. elsdeniiATCC 25940 (MEGA), containing 108cfu/ml of bacteria, dissolved in 35 ml of saline (0·15m), or 2) carrier alone (35 ml saline; CTR). Both postprandial and preprandial rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and plasma metabolite measurements were analysed. Postprandial VFA patterns were affected the most, with butyrate (P<0·01) and valerate (P<0·01) proportions increasing, and acetate (P<0·01), isobutyrate (P=0·05) and isovalerate (P<0·01) decreasing in MEGA cows. Preprandial data measured at various days showed that MEGA dosage tended to increase the molar proportion of propionate (P=0·09) and lower the acetate to propionate ratio (P=0·07) in the rumen fluid. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH and on the concentration of lactate in the rumen as well as on selected preprandial plasma metabolites. Postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol tended to increase (P=0·07) in MEGA cows compared with CTR. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma were lower in MEGA cows after the morning feeding (P<0·01). Sampling hour also affected plasma NEFA in this study. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were not affected by the treatment (P>0·05); however, after the morning feeding BHBA concentration was increased in both groups of cows. Dry matter intake and milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, results indicate thatM. elsdeniihas the potential to modulate the rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation Holstein cows, but these effects were only slightly reflected in changes in plasma metabolites and milk composition.

Nutritional studies with sheep fed conserved ryegrass. 2. Silage supplemented with dried grass or barley

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Wernli ◽  
R. J. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Studies

SummaryGrass silage (21.0 % D.M.) was given ad libitum to sheep together with supplements of rolled barley, dried-grass pellets or dried-grass wafers at 12 and 25 g organic matter (OM)/kg0·75.Intake of silage was greater with supplement at 12 g/kg0·75 but total intake of OM and digestible organic matter (DOM) increased with increasing supplement. Intake of OM was higher with the pellet supplement than with other supplements. Intake of DOM, however, did not differ between the pellet and barley treatments, but was lower with wafers.Concentrations of ammonia and total volatile fatty acids and the molar proportions of butyric and higher volatile fatty acids were higher when silage was supplemented with barley than with dried grass. Mean rumen retention times of silage and of supplement were highest in the barley-supplemented treatments. Dried-grass wafers were retained longer than dried-grass pellets. Supplement treatments did not differ significantly for eating and ruminating times, rumen fluid volume and pH, digestion rate in the rumen and nitrogen retention.At the low supplement rate silage consumption may have been controlled by factors associated directly with the silage, whereas at the high rate intake was limited either by physical factors or by the potential energy demand of the animals.

scholarly journals Essential oils effect on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation under in vitro conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 450-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gunal ◽  
A. Ishlak ◽  
A.A. AbuGhazaleh ◽  
W. Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Tea Tree

The effects of adding essential oils (EO) at different levels (125, 250, 500 mg/l) on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation were examined in a rumen batch culture study. Treatments were: control without EO (CON), control with anise oil (ANO), cedar wood oil (CWO), cinnamon oil (CNO), eucalyptus oil (EUO), and tea tree oil (TEO). Essential oils, each dissolved in 1 ml of ethanol, were added to the culture flask containing 40 ml of buffer solution, 2 ml of reduction solution, 10 ml of rumen fluid, 25 mg of soybean oil, and 0.5 g of the diet. After 24 h of incubation in a water batch at 39&deg;C, three samples were collected from each flask and analyzed for ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and fatty acids (FA). Expect for CNO, the proportions of acetate, propionate, and acetate to propionate ratios were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by EO addition. Addition of CWO, CNO, and TEO reduced total VFA concentrations (P &lt; 0.05) regardless of dose level. The ammonia-N concentration was greater in cultures incubated with EO regardless of dose level. Compared with the CON, the concentrations of C18:0 and trans C18:1 were reduced (P &lt; 0.05) with EO addition regardless of dose level. Compared with the CON, the concentration of linoleic acid was greater (P &lt; 0.05) when EO were added at 500&nbsp;mg/l. EO tested in this study had no effects on VFA profile but significantly reduced the formation of biohydrogenation products (C18:0 and trans C18:1).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document