scholarly journals Water and radiation use efficiencies of irrigated biomass sorghum in a Mediterranean environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Garofalo ◽  
Alessandro Vittorio Vonella ◽  
Sergio Ruggieri ◽  
Michele Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Radiation Use

Growth Response and Productivity of Sorghum for Bioenergy Production in South Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose C. Chavez ◽  
Juan Enciso ◽  
Girisha Ganjegunte ◽  
Nithya Rajan ◽  
John Jifon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract. Biomass sorghum ( (L.) Moench) is widely recognized for its high biomass yield potential, high efficiency in converting solar energy into biomass, and high efficiency in water use for biofuel production. Therefore, it could be a sustainable alternative to traditional food/feed crops in south Texas. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) quantify the growth response and dry biomass productivity of a forage sorghum hybrid (Pioneer 877F) and two high-biomass sorghum hybrids (Blade ES 5140 and Blade ES 5200) in south Texas, (2) determine the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the sorghum hybrids over two years, and (3) identify variations in WUE and water used among the hybrids. The experiments were conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Weslaco, Texas, during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. There were significant differences among hybrids during the two years in dry biomass, RUE, and WUE. The highest productivities and efficiencies were observed in the biomass hybrids. Blade ES 5200 produced an average dry biomass of 32.8 Mg ha-1 with a leaf area index (LAI) of 6.0 m2 m-2, RUE of 4.92 g MJ-1, and WUE of 6.98 kg m-3. In contrast to the biomass hybrids, the forage hybrid produced the lowest yields. The average dry biomass observed was 20.9 Mg ha-1 with an LAI of 2.6 m2 m-2, RUE of 3.52 g MJ-1, and WUE of 4.28 kg m-3. Our results show that biomass sorghum hybrids can produce up to 66% more biomass than forage hybrids, and they have potential for producing as much as 33 Mg ha-1 with 530 mm of water using drip irrigation in south Texas. Keywords: Biomass sorghum, Crop growth rate, Radiation use efficiency, Water use efficiency.

Radiation-use efficiency of irrigated biomass sorghum in a Mediterranean environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Rinaldi ◽  
Pasquale Garofalo
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Mathematical crop simulation models are useful tools in predicting the potential yield of field crops in a specific environment. The main driving parameter used to estimate biomass accumulation in most of these models is radiation-use efficiency (RUE). Biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a crop that can be used for energy production (thermal and bioethanol chains) and a knowledge of its RUE in different water supply conditions can help to improve model simulations and evaluate crop diffusion. A 3-year field experiment was carried out in Southern Italy where sorghum was submitted to four irrigated regimes based on actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc). In the first year ETc was measured with weighted lysimeters, while in the other 2 years it was estimated by means of estimated crop coefficient (Kc) and the reference evapotranspiration ET0. The RUE, calculated as the slope of the first-order equation between dry biomass and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation along a crop cycle, showed an average of 2.91 ± 0.54 g MJ–1, even if the RUE proved to be closely correlated with crop water consumption. The latter ranged between 891 and 454 mm and the RUE increased 4.2 mg MJ–1 per mm of water used. A high crop interception of solar radiation was observed in sorghum, reaching its maximum efficiency 40 days after sowing. To obtain high yielding yield biomass sorghum requires a large supply of water, as confirmed by the Kc calculated during the crop cycle, which resulted higher (especially in the development and middle stages) when compared with those reported in the FAO 56 Paper. The obtained RUE values also confirmed a high efficiency in biomass production of this crop, allowing for the introduction of biomass sorghum in the cropping systems of Mediterranean environments as an alternative crop for energy purposes, but with adequate irrigation water supply.

scholarly journals Soil water effect on crop growth, leaf gas exchange, water and radiation use efficiency of Saccharum spontaneum L. ssp. aegyptiacum (Willd.) Hackel in semi-arid Mediterranean environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Scordia ◽  
Giorgio Testa ◽  
Salvatore L. Cosentino ◽  
Venera Copani ◽  
Cristina Patanè
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Water Effect ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Semi Arid

Great effort has been placed to identify the most suited bioenergy crop under different environments and management practices, however, there is still need to find new genetic resources for constrained areas. For instance, South Mediterranean area is strongly affected by prolonged drought, high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and extremely high temperatures during summertime. In the present work we investigated the soil water effect on crop growth and leaf gas exchange of <em>Saccharum</em> <em>spontaneum</em> L. ssp. <em>aegyptiacum</em> (Willd.) Hackel, a perennial, rhizomatous, herbaceous grass. Furthermore, the net increase of biomass production per unit light intercepted [radiation use efficiency (RUE)] and per unit water transpired [water use efficiency (WUE)] was also studied. To this end a field trial was carried out imposing three levels of soil water availability (I<sub>100</sub>, I<sub>50</sub> and I<sub>0</sub>, corresponding to 100%, 50% and 0% of ETm restutition) under a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. Leaf area index (LAI), stem height, biomass dry matter yield, CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate, and transpiration rate resulted significantly affected by measurement time and irrigation treatment, with the highest values in I<sub>100</sub> and the lowest in I<sub>0</sub>. RUE was the highest in I<sub>100</sub> followed by I<sub>50</sub> and I<sub>0</sub>; on the other hand, WUE was higher in I<sub>0</sub> than I<sub>50</sub> and I<sub>100</sub>. At LAI values greater than 2.0, 85% photosynthetically active radiation was intercepted by the <em>Saccharum</em> stand, irrespective of the irrigation treatment. <em>Saccharum</em> <em>spontaneum</em> spp. <em>aegyptiacum</em> is a potential species for biomass production in environment characterized by drought stress, high temperatures and high VPD, as those of Southern Europe and similar semi-arid areas.

Top Down Approach to Height Histogram Estimation of Biomass Sorghum in the Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (15) ◽  
pp. 288-1-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihui Jin ◽  
Gefen Kohavi ◽  
Zhi Ji ◽  
Avideh Zakhor
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Histogram Estimation

scholarly journals RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY, ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS ACCUMULATION, CANOPY DEVELOPMENT, LEAF AREA-LIGHT INTERCEPTION PROFILES AND RADIATION INTERCEPTION OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION REGIMEN / INFLUENCIA DEL RÉGIMEN DE IRRIGACIÓN SOBRE LA EFICACIA DEL USO DE LA RADIACIÓN, LA ACUMULACIÓN DE BIOMASA, EL DESAROROLLO DEL CANOPEO, EL ÁREA DE LA HOJA Y LOS PERFILES DE INTERCEPCIÓN DE LUZ Y DE RADIACIÓN EN GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFFICACITÉ DE L’UTILISATION DES RADIATIONS SOLAIRES, ACCUMULATION DE LA BIOMASSE DANS LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE, DÉVELOPPEMENT DE L’OMBRELLE, PROFILS D’INTERCEPTION DE LA LUMIÈRE PAR LA FEUILLE ET INTERCEPTION DES RADIATIONS SOLAIRES CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) SOUS L’INFLUENCE D’UN RÉGIME D’IRRIGATION

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sridhara ◽  
T.G. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted at Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to study the effect of irrigation regimens on the biomass accumulation, canopy development, light interception and radiation use efficiency of sunflower. The treatments includes irrigating the plants at 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 cumulative pan evaporation. The results indicated that the aboveground biomass, canopy development, radiation interception and radiation use efficiency were influenced favorably by the irrigation regimens. Irrespective of the irrigation regimen, the radiation use efficiency of sunflower increased from 15 DAS to 75 DAS and then tended to decline. The decrease in RUE after anthesis is coupled with decrease in leaf nitrogen content. In general the RUE of sunflower ranged from 0.49 g MJ-1 to 1.84 g MJ-1 at different growth stages. The light transmission within the canopy increased exponentially with plant height and the canopy extension coefficient is found to be 0.8.

Effects of clipping on the nitrogen economy of four Triticum species grown in a Mediterranean environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 108162
Author(s):  
Francesco Cadeddu ◽  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesca Mureddu ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Economy ◽  
Triticum Species

Relief and calcium from gypsum as key factors for net inorganic carbon accumulation in soils of a semiarid Mediterranean environment

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. 115115
Author(s):  
Vito Armando Laudicina ◽  
Carmelo Dazzi ◽  
Antonio Delgado ◽  
Haydn Barros ◽  
Riccardo Scalenghe
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Key Factors

scholarly journals Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Transmitted PAR under High-Density and Super High-Density Olive Orchards

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Adolfo Rosati ◽  
Damiano Marchionni ◽  
Dario Mantovani ◽  
Luigi Ponti ◽  
Franco Famiani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Density ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Radiation Use

We quantified the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception in a high-density (HD) and a super high-density (SHD) or hedgerow olive system, by measuring the PAR transmitted under the canopy along transects at increasing distance from the tree rows. Transmitted PAR was measured every minute, then cumulated over the day and the season. The frequencies of the different PAR levels occurring during the day were calculated. SHD intercepted significantly but slightly less overall PAR than HD (0.57 ± 0.002 vs. 0.62 ± 0.03 of the PAR incident above the canopy) but had a much greater spatial variability of transmitted PAR (0.21 under the tree row, up to 0.59 in the alley center), compared to HD (range: 0.34–0.43). This corresponded to greater variability in the frequencies of daily PAR values, with the more shaded positions receiving greater frequencies of low PAR values. The much lower PAR level under the tree row in SHD, compared to any position in HD, implies greater self-shading in lower-canopy layers, despite similar overall interception. Therefore, knowing overall PAR interception does not allow an understanding of differences in PAR distribution on the ground and within the canopy and their possible effects on canopy radiation use efficiency (RUE) and performance, between different architectural systems.

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