Growth Response and Productivity of Sorghum for Bioenergy Production in South Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose C. Chavez ◽  
Juan Enciso ◽  
Girisha Ganjegunte ◽  
Nithya Rajan ◽  
John Jifon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract. Biomass sorghum ( (L.) Moench) is widely recognized for its high biomass yield potential, high efficiency in converting solar energy into biomass, and high efficiency in water use for biofuel production. Therefore, it could be a sustainable alternative to traditional food/feed crops in south Texas. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) quantify the growth response and dry biomass productivity of a forage sorghum hybrid (Pioneer 877F) and two high-biomass sorghum hybrids (Blade ES 5140 and Blade ES 5200) in south Texas, (2) determine the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the sorghum hybrids over two years, and (3) identify variations in WUE and water used among the hybrids. The experiments were conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Weslaco, Texas, during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. There were significant differences among hybrids during the two years in dry biomass, RUE, and WUE. The highest productivities and efficiencies were observed in the biomass hybrids. Blade ES 5200 produced an average dry biomass of 32.8 Mg ha-1 with a leaf area index (LAI) of 6.0 m2 m-2, RUE of 4.92 g MJ-1, and WUE of 6.98 kg m-3. In contrast to the biomass hybrids, the forage hybrid produced the lowest yields. The average dry biomass observed was 20.9 Mg ha-1 with an LAI of 2.6 m2 m-2, RUE of 3.52 g MJ-1, and WUE of 4.28 kg m-3. Our results show that biomass sorghum hybrids can produce up to 66% more biomass than forage hybrids, and they have potential for producing as much as 33 Mg ha-1 with 530 mm of water using drip irrigation in south Texas. Keywords: Biomass sorghum, Crop growth rate, Radiation use efficiency, Water use efficiency.

Photosynthetic characteristics of three species of the family Plantaginaceae growing on high and low tide coastal areas of the White Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Kosobryukhov ◽  
Evgeniya Markovskaya ◽  
Liudmila Sergienko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
White Sea ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The Family ◽  
Use Efficiency

CO2 gas exchange, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and chlorophyll content were investigated at the leaves of three species of the family Plantaginaceae: Plantago maritima L., Plantago subpolaris Andrejev and Plantago schrenkii C.Koch under natural conditions of the habitat on high and low tide areas of the White Sea’ coasts. The high rate of photosynthesis at saturating CO2 (PNmax) at P. maritima (85.0±4.8 μmol m-2 s-1), as compared to P. subpolaris and P. schrenkii (45.2± 7.5 and 36.9±3.2 μmol m-2 s-1) was caused by high activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphoshate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO), the rate of electron transport, the rate of triose phosphate utilization, TPU), as well as high efficiency of carboxylation. The rates of photosynthesis at ambient concentration of CO2 (PN) at P. maritima were 1.4 and 1.7 times higher compared to P. subpolaris and P. schrenkii. Plants of P. schrenkii are characterized by lower values of stomatal conductance and water use efficiency compared to P. maritima and P. subpolaris. In natural habitat, the limiting factor of CO2 assimilation P. subpolaris is the rate of photosynthetic electron transport, the activity of RuBPCO in P. schrenkii.

scholarly journals The Influence of Deficit Irrigation on Growth, Ornamental Quality, and Water Use Efficiency of Three Potted Bougainvillea Genotypes Grown in Two Shapes

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1284-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Cirillo ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Rosanna Caputo ◽  
Giampaolo Raimondi ◽  
Stefania De Pascale
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency

Bougainvillea is widely used as flowering shrub in gardening and landscaping in the Mediterranean region characterized by limited water supply. The evaluation of deficit irrigation as a possible technique to improve water productivity and selection of genotypes that can better withstand soil water deficits are essential for sustainable production. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on three potted Bougainvillea genotypes [B. glabra var. Sanderiana, B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’, B. ‘Lindleyana’ (=B. ‘Aurantiaca’)] grown in two shapes, globe and pyramid, on agronomical and physiological parameters. Irrigation treatments were based on the daily water use (100%, 50%, or 25%). The shoot, total dry biomass, leaf number, leaf area, and macronutrient [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)] concentration decreased in response to an increase in water stress with the lowest values recorded in the severe deficit irrigation (SDI) treatment. At 160 days after transplanting (DAT), the percentage of total dry biomass reduction caused by irrigation level was lower in B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’ compared with B. glabra var. Sanderiana and B. ‘Lindleyana’ (=B. ‘Aurantiaca’). At 160 DAT, the flower index increased in response to an increase in water stress with the highest values recorded under both moderate deficit irrigation (MDI) and SDI for B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’. The biomass water use efficiency (WUE) increased under water stress conditions with the highest values recorded in B. glabra var. Sanderiana and B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’ grown under MDI (average 1.43 and 1.25 g·L−1, respectively) and especially with SDI (average 1.68 and 1.36 g·L−1, respectively). A number of tolerance mechanisms such as increase in stomatal resistance, decrease in leaf water potential, and decrease in leaf osmotic potential have been observed, especially under SDI. The MDI treatment can be used successfully in Bougainvillea to reduce water consumption while improving the overall quality and WUE, whereas the genotypes B. glabra var. Sanderiana and B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’ could be considered suitable for pot plant production.

scholarly journals Biomass allocation and water use efficiency in fertigated sweet pepper

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francimar da S. Albuquerque ◽  
Ênio F. de F. e Silva ◽  
Marcus F. F. N. Nunes ◽  
Amanda E. R. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency

The use of productivity information and efficiency of water use is important for the economic analysis of production and irrigation management, and also helps the economy of water use, which is essential to plant life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass allocation, the water use efficiency and water content in fruits of sweet pepper cropped under the influence of irrigation blades and potassium doses. The statistic design was a completely randomized factorial scheme (5 x 2) and four replications, with five irrigation blades (80; 90; 100; 110 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration) and two levels of potassium (80 and 120 kg K2O ha-1 ), applied according to phenological phase, through a system of drip irrigation with self-compensated drippers, installed in a battery of 40 drainage lysimeters cultivated with sweet pepper (Maximos F1), at Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The dry biomass production of sweet pepper was influenced by fertigation regimes; when it was set the lowest dose, estimates of the efficiency of water use and moisture in the fruit occurred with the use of irrigation depth of 97 and 95% of ETc, respectively.

Temperature and water availability effects on radiation and water use efficiencies in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Collino ◽  
J. L. Dardanelli ◽  
M. J. De Luca ◽  
R. W. Racca
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Alfalfa, the most important forage crop in Argentina, shows considerable variability in forage production caused by variations in inter-annual rainfall and intra-annual radiation and temperature regimes. Such variation may affect radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency. This paper seeks to study the effects of temperature and water availability on radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency. We conducted the experiment in Córdoba, Argentina, under irrigated and droughted conditions. Drought was imposed by mobile rainout shelters during 3 consecutive periods. We measured forage, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and water use to calculate radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency between cuttings. Under irrigation, radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency normalised by daytime vapour pressure deficit, were not limited by mean temperature above 21.3 and 21.9°C, respectively. Below those critical values, both variables decreased consistently with temperature decrements. Under drought, radiation use efficiency tended to decrease and water use efficiency tended to increase. In addition, the relationship between relative dry matter and relative water use was not linear, as reported in previous studies for annual crops.

Plasticity of wheat grain yield is associated with plasticity of ear number

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Sadras ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Environmental Responsiveness ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Ear Number

Here we propose that the perspective of phenotypic plasticity can enhance our understanding of the role of fertile tillers in accommodating environmental variation. We tested the hypothesis that the plasticity of yield correlates with the plasticity of ear number using free-tillering (–tin) and reduced-tillering (+tin) sister wheat lines in two genetic backgrounds, Lang and Silverstar. Crops were grown in 10 rainfed environments resulting from the combination of seasons, sites, nitrogen rates, and sowing dates. The combination of lines and environments generated a range from 157 to 357 ears m–2 at harvest, and a yield range from 1.9 to 4.2 t ha–1. Plasticity was quantified with two methods, slopes of reaction norms and variance ratios; both methods returned the same ranking of lines for both ear number and yield. The tin allele reduced the plasticity of both ear number and yield in Lang but not in Silverstar. The reduced plasticity associated with the tin allele in Lang had two components: a small reduction in ear number under low-yielding conditions, and a large reduction in the capacity to respond to higher yielding environments. Consistent with our working hypothesis, plasticity of yield and plasticity of ear number were correlated (R2 = 0.81, P = 0.01). Plasticity of ear number was associated with the plasticity of shoot biomass at harvest (R2 = 0.74, P = 0.006), and plasticity of biomass was associated with the plasticity of yield (R2 = 0.86, P = 0.0009). This suggests that the environmental responsiveness of yield was partially mediated by the environmental responsiveness of fertile tillers. We found positive correlations between plasticity of ear number and plasticity of several traits including biomass, radiation-use efficiency and water-use efficiency, and a negative correlation between plasticity of ear number and plasticity of seeds per ear. Ear number per se was unrelated to biomass, radiation-use efficiency, water-use efficiency, and seeds per ear. We conclude that a dual focus on traits per se and their plasticity is a fruitful approach to understand the phenotype, particularly when genotype × environment interaction is large.

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