scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of antimalarial plant extracts from Kenyan biodiversity to the brine shrimp, Artemia salina L. (Artemiidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mwanzia Nguta ◽  
James Mucunu Mbaria ◽  
Daniel Waweru Gakuya ◽  
Peter Karuri Gathumbi ◽  
John David Kabasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Positive Controls

<em>Artemia salina</em> (Artemiidae), the brine shrimp larva, is an invertebrate used in the alternative test to determine toxicity of chemicals and natural products. In this study the medium lethal concentration fifty (LC50 values) of 45 antimalarial plant extracts and positive controls, cyclophosphamide and etoposide were determined using <em>Artemia salina</em> (Artemiidae). Out of the 45 organic extracts screened for activity against <em>Artemia salina </em>larvae, 23 (51%) of the crude extracts demonstrated activity at or below 100 μg/mL, and were categorized as having strong cytotoxic activity, 18 (40%) of the crude extracts had LC50 values between 100 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, and were categorized as having moderate cytotoxicity, 2 (4.5%) of the crude extracts had LC50 values between 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL, and were considered to have weak cytotoxic activity, while 2 (4.5%) of the crude extracts had LC50 values greater than 1000 μg/mL and were considered to be non toxic. Approximately 20% (9) of the aqueous extracts demonstrated activity at or below 100 g/mL and were considered to have strong cytotoxic activity, 40% (18) of the screened aqueous crude extracts had LC50 values between 100 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL and were considered to be moderately cytotoxic, 16% (7) of the crude extracts had LC50 values between 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL and were considered to have weak cytotoxic activity while 24% (11) of the aqueous extracts had LC50 values greater than 1000μg/mL and were categorized as non toxic The positive controls, cyclophosphamide and etoposide exhibited strong cytotoxicity with LC50 values of 95 μg/mL and 6 μg/mL respectively in a 24 hour lethality study, validating their use as anticancer agents. In the current study, 95.5% of all the screened organic extracts and 76% of the investigated aqueous extracts demonstrated LC50 values &lt;1000 g/mL, indicating that these plants could not make safe anti-malarial treatments. This calls for dose adjustment amongst the community using the plant extracts for the treatment of malaria and chemical investigation for isolation of bioactive compounds responsible for the observed toxicity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial, Anti-Oxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Organic Extracts of Mahogany Seeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
. Assaduzzaman ◽  
Md. Ziaul Amin ◽  
Mohammad Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Rasel Uddin ◽  
Md. Shohanuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Anti Oxidant

The perception of normal medicine is changing, and the use of traditional or herbal medicine increasing worldwide due to our harmonious nature of the biological system. Many parts of the plants possess an impressive array of medicinal benefits, mahogany seed is one of them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activity of organic extracts of mahogany seeds. For determination of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity disk diffusion and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were used. DPPH free radical test were performed for evaluation of antioxidant activity. Ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts were examined with the total number of 10 bacterial strain. Here, ethanol extract showed higher antimicrobial activity than n-hexane and aqueous extract for both gram positive and negative bacteria. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay LC50 values were 82 μg/ml, 95 μg/ml and 93 μg/ml for ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts respectively. The scavenging DPPH free radicals were found to be concentration dependent. The LC50 value was measured at 140µg/ml, 160µg/ml and 180µg/ml for ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extract. The results of this study indicated that the mahogany seeds can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and Cytotoxic compounds which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses and cell culture assay.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, cytotoxicity and antioxidant studies on the stem bark of Piper arborescens

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Anak Daniel ◽  
Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmad ◽  
Zaini Assim ◽  
Chua Hun Pin
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

Phytochemical study on the stem bark of P. arborescens has isolated six secondary metabolites from the crude extracts by using column chromatography, while identification was performed by using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The isolated metabolites were identified as caryophyllene oxide (1), α-bisabolol (2), benzamide 2-(methylamino) (3), 2-ethylpiperidine (4), piperine (5) and methyl eugenol (6). Toxicity test on the four crude extracts of P. arborescens shows a high cytotoxicity against Artemia salina brine shrimp with LC50 values ranging from 13.12 to 58.70 µg/mL. Greater cytotoxicity of the crude extracts of P. arborescens indicated the presence of potent cytotoxic components in this Piper spp. Antioxidant assay of P. arborescens against 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) indicated moderate antioxidant activities of methanol, dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane crude extracts with EC50 values of 21.68, 23.82, 32.88 and 36.88 µg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS DARI EKSTRAK LAMUN JENIS Thalassia hemprichii DARI PERAIRAN KALASEY DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Faradila Y. Karim ◽  
Nickson J Kawung ◽  
Billy Th. Wagey
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
A Value ◽  
Small Doses

ABSTRACTBioactive compounds that are suspected of having anticancer activity are first tested for activity by means of a toxicity test. The purpose of this test is to obtain data on the ability of the activity of a bioactive compound to kill cells at small doses so as to obtain a lethal concentration or lethal data. These two measurements are often called LC50 or LD50, concentrations that can kill 50% of test animals. This study aims to test the cytotoxic activity of Thalassia hemprichii seagrass extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method.The results of the study showed that the mortality of Artemia salina larvae was influenced by the concentration of the test, meaning that the higher the concentration the more test animals died. Furthermore, the results of the probit analysis contained the toxicity activity of bio active compounds from seagrasses where the LC50 was 3.95 mg / l. A substance is declared to have the potential for cytotoxic activity if it has a value of LC50 at concentrations <1000 ppm for extracts and at concentrations <30 ppm for a compound. Keywords: Cytotoxic Activity, Thalassia hemprichii, Brine shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)  

Assessment of Cytotoxic Activity of Agave cantula Using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Lethality Bioassay

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramachandr ◽  
M. Vamsikrish ◽  
K.V. Gowthami ◽  
B. Heera ◽  
M.D. Dhanaraju
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Artemia Salina

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial screening and cytotoxic properties of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with bidentate hydroxylated 1,3-diaryl-2-propene-1-ones ligand

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Pravinkumar Patil ◽  
Sainath Zangade
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Carbonyl Oxygen ◽  
Planar Geometry ◽  
Ft Ir

A series of binary metal complexes [halo, hydroxyl and methoxy sub-stituted bis (2-(E) acryloyl)naphthalen-1-yl)oxy)Cu(II) and Zn(II) (C1-C10)] of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions derived from bi-coordinated hydroxylated 1,3-diaryl-2- -propene-1-ones were synthesized. The newly synthesized metal complexes were structurally determined by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, ESR spectral, XRD and TGA analysis. The FT-IR and ESR studies demonstrated that interactions between metal ions with ligands occur through carbonyl oxygen and deprotonated hydroxyl oxygen and corresponds to square-planar geometry for all complexes. In-vitro the metal complexes were screened and evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. The complexes C1 and C4 showed the significant antimicrobial activity while the remaining complexes were showed the moderately antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The complexes were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the organism Artemia salina. The complexes C2, C3, C4 and C5 were showed the LC50 values as 630.45, 969.99, 921.94 and 918.41 ?M mL-1 respectively. Further complexes were evaluated for anticancer activity against liver cancer cell line (Hep G2) in comparison with 5-fluorouracil standard. The complex C5 showed the significant IC50 value 58.94 ?g mL-1. Therefore the present study is useful to develop the new class of antimicrobial and anticancer agents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemicals of Cassia tora Linn. and it’s Cytotoxicity Assay using Brine Shrimp

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansari Asba ◽  
Bhot Meeta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Ld50 Value

Cassia tora Linn. is a well known medicinal herb found as a rainy season weed throughout India. Various studies have been conducted in order to find out the applications of Cassia tora since many years and found various phytochemical present in the plant, contribute to the use of traditional medicine. Cytotoxicity of the plant is found due to some phytochemical present in the plant and thus this plant has found numerous applications in the medical field. Research Objective: The main aim of the research was to assess the effect of cytotoxicity of the plant extracts against Artemia salina. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used in this study to carry out the cytotoxicity assay. Thus, this research paper emphasizes on the screening of phytochemicals present in the various parts of the plant along with the cytotoxicity assay against Artemia salina. Results and Conclusion: The present study showed that the presence of phytochemicals vary with the plant parts and the effect of cytotoxicity on Brine shrimp was also observed with the LD50 value less than 100 µg/ mL which can be beneficial in the treatment of various cancers and tumors.

scholarly journals Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik dari Tumbuhan Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia beccarii Hook.f.) Asal Kabupaten Merauke

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Modustriati P. Mardany ◽  
Linus Y. Chrystomo ◽  
Aditya K. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Test Method ◽  
High Cytotoxic Activity

Sarang semut (Myrmecodia beccarii Hook.f.) is a famous medicinal plant of Papua, which has traditionally potential in treating a wide variety of mild and severe illnesses, such as cancers and tumors, gout, coronary heart disease, hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, migraines, rheumatism, and leukemia. The purposes of this study were to determine the content of the active compound group and the cytotoxic activity of sarang semut plants from Merauke Region. The extraction was done by maceration using 96 % ethanol. The concentration of ethanolic extract were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ppm. The results of the study showed that the cytotoxic activity determine using BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method have a high cytotoxic activity with LC50 values of 22.86 ppm and containing the active compound namely flavonoids, tannins and saponins separately. The ethanolic extract of tuber of sarang semut (M. beccarii) has a high cytotoxic activity against larvae of Artemia salina Leach according BSLT method. Key words: Active compound, M. beccarii, cytotoxic activity, Merauke.

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of the plant products using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina L.) model

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mentor R. Hamidi ◽  
Blagica Jovanova ◽  
Tatjana Kadifkova Panovska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Starting Point

Many natural products could serve as the starting point in the development of modern medicines because of their numerous biological and pharmacological activities. However, some of them are known to carry toxicological properties as well. In order to achieve a safe treatment with plant products, numerous research studies have recently been focused on both pharmacology and toxicity of medicinal plants. Moreover, these studies employed efforts for alternative biological assays. Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is the most convenient system for monitoring biological activities of various plant species. This method is very useful for preliminary assessment of toxicity of the plant extracts. Rapidness, simplicity and low requirements are several advantages of this assay. However, several conditions need to be completed, especially in the means of standardized experimental conditions (temperature, pH of the medium, salinity, aeration and light). The toxicity of herbal extracts using this assay has been determined in a concentration range of 10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml of the examined herbal extract. Most toxicity studies which use the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay determine the toxicity after 24 hours of exposure to the tested sample. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the test samples is obtained by a plot of percentage of the dead shrimps against the logarithm of the sample concentration. LC50 values are estimated using a probit regression analysis and compared with either Meyer’s or Clarkson’s toxicity criteria. Furthermore, the positive correlation between Meyer’s toxicity scale for Artemia salina and Gosselin, Smith and Hodge’s toxicity scale for higher animal models confirmed that the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is an excellent predictive tool for the toxic potential of plant extracts in humans.

scholarly journals Differential Toxicity of Cyanobacteria Isolated from Marine Sponges towards Echinoderms and Crustaceans

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Regueiras ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Maria Costa ◽  
Vitor Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hemolytic Assay ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
History Of

Marine sponges and cyanobacteria have a long history of co-evolution, with documented genome adaptations in cyanobionts. Both organisms are known to produce a wide variety of natural compounds, with only scarce information about novel natural compounds produced by cyanobionts. In the present study, we aimed to address their toxicological potential, isolating cyanobacteria (n = 12) from different sponge species from the coast of Portugal (mainland, Azores, and Madeira Islands). After large-scale growth, we obtained both organic and aqueous extracts to perform a series of ecologically-relevant bioassays. In the acute toxicity assay, using nauplii of Artemia salina, only organic extracts showed lethality, especially in picocyanobacterial strains. In the bioassay with Paracentrotus lividus, both organic and aqueous extracts produced embryogenic toxicity (respectively 58% and 36%), pointing to the presence of compounds that interfere with growth factors on cells. No development of pluteus larvae was observed for the organic extract of the strain Chroococcales 6MA13ti, indicating the presence of compounds that affect skeleton formation. In the hemolytic assay, none of the extracts induced red blood cells lysis. Organic extracts, especially from picoplanktonic strains, proved to be the most promising for future bioassay-guided fractionation and compounds isolation. This approach allows us to classify the compounds extracted from the cyanobacteria into effect categories and bioactivity profiles.

scholarly journals A Cytotoxic Activity of Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita Linn.) Leaves Extracts Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Indah Solihah ◽  
Herlina Herlina ◽  
Riana Sari Puspita Rasyid ◽  
Tri Suciati ◽  
Khairunnisa Khairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita Linn.) leaves had been known contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. At Komering, South Sumatera tribe, tahongai leaves had been known to treat tumor, cancer, polyps, acne, and dysmenorrhea. The study of cytotoxic activity of tahongai bark and stem were done. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of tahongai leaves extracts using BSLT method. Tahongai leaves were extracted using gradual maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol 96%. Each extract was tested cytotoxic activity towards Artemia salina L. larvae. The yield of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts are 2,686%, 7,033%, and 7,933% respectively. Ethanol extract of tahongai leaves had the best cytotoxic activity with lethality value 76,667% at 500ppm. Statistical analysis with two way ANOVA showed extract and concentration had a significant (p<0,05) effect on larvae lethality percentage.

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