Differences in activity enhancement of a baculovirus by an optical brightener between Choristoneura fumiferana and Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Li ◽  
I.S. Otvos
Keyword(s):  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Optical Brightener ◽  
Host System ◽  
Viral Activity ◽  
Optical Brighteners ◽  
Activity Enhancement ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

Optical brighteners were recently discovered to function as UV protectants for baculoviruses of insects (Shapiro 1992) and, also, to enhance entomopathogenic activity of these viruses (Hamm and Shapiro 1992; Li and Otvos 1999a). Enhancement of viral activity by brighteners varied greatly from one virus–host system to another: for example, from 1500-fold in LdMNPV against Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (Argauer and Shapiro 1997) to 2- to 13-fold in a multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (CfMNPV) against Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman (Li and Otvos 1999a). The reason for this variation in enhancement of viral activity is still unknown. In this study, we used CfMNPV to compare the levels of viral enhancement by an optical brightener between C. occidentalis and C. fumiferana.

DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) LARVAE EXPOSED TO A BACULOVIRUS WITH OR WITHOUT OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Li ◽  
I.S. Otvos
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Optical Brighteners ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tinopal Lpw

AbstractFifth-instar larval mortality was compared between male and female Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman exposed in the laboratory to sublethal doses of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV) with or without optical brighteners. More females than males died when the virus was used alone, but differences were not significant. When 1% brightener was added to CfMNPV suspension, differences in larval mortality between males and females were significant for three of the four brighteners tested. In addition, times at which 50% of the larvae died indicated that female larvae died 23 and 39% more quickly than male larvae, respectively, when brightener Blankophor HRS and Tinopal LPW were added to the virus, whereas at times at which 95% of the larvae died indicated that females died 33 and 54% faster than males. Alteration of sex ratio favoring male survival can play a significant role in the biological control of C. occidentalis by the virus.

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