Cocooning Behaviour of Overwintering Codling Moth Larvae

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. MacLellan
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Compact Soil ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Apple Trees

Codling moth larvae seeking overwintering sites usually spin up during hours of darkness on the trunks and larger branches of apple trees rather than in the soil or in debris under the trees. The number on the ground depends on the suitability for cocooning sites of the bark on the tree and on the amount and type of debris on the ground. Gould and Geissler (1941) found that larvae did not spin up in bare and compact soil and Steiner (1929) observed that most larvae returned to the tree to spin cocoons when there was little or no litter beneath the trees. Baker (1944) reported eight to nine per cent spun up on the ground beneath unscraped trees, and 18 per cent where the loose bark scales were removed. Others (Headlee (1929). Worthley (1932), Gnadinger et al. (1940), Woodside (1941), and Stultz (1946), found that under natural conditions from 0 to 14 per cent spun up in the soil, in the cover crop, or in the debris on the ground.

EFFECT OF CULTIVATION AND NITROGEN ON FRUIT QUALITY, YIELD AND COLOR OF McINTOSH APPLES GROWN IN IRRIGATED GRASS SOD COVER CROP

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Plot Design

Nitrogen treatments from 0.15 to 0.90 kg of nitrogen and cultivation treatments from zero to three shallow rotovations were applied in a split-plot design to 30-year-old McIntosh apple trees growing in irrigated grass sod.Fruit quality was very largely unaffected by the treatments. Pressure test after harvest was reduced from 6.61 to 6.44 kg (P = 0.10) as nitrogen increased. Number of rots increased from 2.7 to 3.9 per 60-fruit sample with increasing nitrogen. Titratable acidity and soluble solids after harvest and pressure test, titratable acidity, soluble solids, stem-cavity browning and core flush in tests after storage were all unchanged. In addition, none of these tests were affected by cultivation except pressure test, which decreased with more cultivation (P = 0.10).Yield was not changed by either the nitrogen or the cultivation treatments, and terminal length increased only slightly with more cultivation. However, nitrogen concentration in the leaf was increased from 1.90 to 1.98% by the nitrogen treatments and from 1.83 to 1.98% by increasing cultivation. Extra Fancy grade was reduced and C grade increased by increasing nitrogen (P = 0.10), but cultivation had no effect.The conclusion is drawn that grass sod can very largely eliminate the effect of widely different nitrogen fertilization levels on McIntosh apple, and that moderate cultivation changes this effect only slightly. In many mature orchards of high initial fertility, nitrogen fertilizer may be required in only small amounts or even not at all for optimum fruit color.

Codling Moth Infestation in the Tops of Sprayed and of Unsprayed Apple Trees: Second Report1

1950 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Richardson ◽  
Robert F. Du Chanois
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Trees

GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) AS PREDATORS OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer A.C. Hagley ◽  
W.R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Amara Aenea

AbstractPterostichus melanarius Ill. was the predominant ground beetle recovered in pitfall traps in three blocks of apple trees at Jordan Station, Ont. In one block, C, the number of mature fifth-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) seeking overwintering sites was related significantly (r2 = 0.5476, P < 0.05) to the number of P. melanarius caught, but was not related significantly (r2 = 0.1181, P > 0.10) to the proportion of beetles that were serologically positive. The proportion of larvae pupating also was not related significantly (r2 = 0.2014, P > 0.10) to the number of P. melanarius. The total number of all predators caught was related significantly (r2 = 0.4490, P < 0.05) to the number of larvae present, but the proportion of larvae that pupated was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3606, P > 0.05) to the total number of predators.In block A, in 1983–1985, the number of mature larvae of C. pomonella seeking overwintering sites was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3763, 0.3619, and 0.5042, P > 0.05, respectively) to the number of P. melanarius taken in pitfall traps. In both blocks A and B, the number of serologically positive beetles was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3824 and 0.7921, P > 0.10, respectively) to the number of larvae seeking overwintering sites.Amara aenea DeG., Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F., Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum Say, Clivinia impressifrons LeC., Diplochaeila impressicolis (Dej.), Harpalus aeneus F., and Pterostichus chalcites Say also gave positive serological reactions to the antiserum against C. pomonella.The occurrence of other species of Lepidoptera did not affect significantly the results obtained for C. pomonella.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF PHEROMONES «SHIN-ETSU» IN THE SYSTEM OF PROTECTION OF APPLE TREES FROM CODLING MOTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
N. Ya. Kashirskaya ◽  
◽  
A. M. Kochkina ◽  
A. A. Skrylev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Trees

Hibernation Sites of Phytoseiids (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in Ontario Peach Orchards

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Number Of Authors

A number of authors who have mentioned phytoseiid mites as predators of tetranychids reported that “Seius” or “Seiulus” spp. hibernated in the bark of trees, but until recently the taxonomy of the Phytoseiidae was so confused that the identity of the species concerned is uncertain. Herbert (1952), in Nova Scotia,was apparently the first to deal with species that can be definitely identified; she reported that a number of species of Typhlodromus, including most of those occurring on peach in Ontario, overwintered on apple trees under bark scales, in empty hibernacula of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), in empty oyster-shell scales, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.), and in cocoons of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.). Chant (1958) found numbers of T. pyri Scheut. hibernating in burlap pads tied to apple trees in England.

Spore Coverage and Persistence of Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland Sprayed on Apple Trees against the Codling Moth

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
June M. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Apple Trees

Trials to determine the extent of fruit protection given by spraying spores of Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland on apple trees exposed to natural attack from the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), were carried out in the experimental apple orchard of the Entomology Laboratory at Summerland, British Columbia. Heavy injury was expected there on trees not receiving commercial insecticide applications. Ten test and ten check trees were chosen at random. Check trees received no treatment of any kind. Test trees were treated with six sprays between May 26 and June 29, 1954, and five between August 5 and September 8, 1954.

scholarly journals Soil Mesofauna Response to Cover Crops and Mycorrhizal Inoculated Plantation on Limestone Quarry Revegetation

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Retno Prayudyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
Limestone Quarry ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Crop Area

Cover crops establishment followed by mycorrhizal inoculated tree plantation accelerate limestone quaryy restoration. Soil mesofauna is a useful indicator for assessing biodiversity recovery, as they are sensitive to human disturbance and involved in ecological processes. In this research, soil mesofauna presence used to evaluate limestone quarry restoration by cover crops and mycorrhizal inoculated tree esatblisment. Soil mesofauna are measured using individual density, species diversity, richness and important value. The study was conducted in four types of areas on limestone postmining lands are open areas/natural conditions without planting, cover crop area, non mycorrhizalinoculated plant area and mycorrhizal-inoculated plant area. The result showed The higher individual density, diversity and species richness of soil mesofauna on cover crops and mycorrhizal inoculated plant area than other areas are indicators of limestone quarry restoration rate. Furthermore the presence of Formicidae family that dominated on cover crops and mycorrhizal inoculated plant area, and emergence of Acari group only on mycorrhizal inoculated area also an indicator of limestone quarry restoration.

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