EFFECT OF CULTIVATION AND NITROGEN ON FRUIT QUALITY, YIELD AND COLOR OF McINTOSH APPLES GROWN IN IRRIGATED GRASS SOD COVER CROP

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Plot Design

Nitrogen treatments from 0.15 to 0.90 kg of nitrogen and cultivation treatments from zero to three shallow rotovations were applied in a split-plot design to 30-year-old McIntosh apple trees growing in irrigated grass sod.Fruit quality was very largely unaffected by the treatments. Pressure test after harvest was reduced from 6.61 to 6.44 kg (P = 0.10) as nitrogen increased. Number of rots increased from 2.7 to 3.9 per 60-fruit sample with increasing nitrogen. Titratable acidity and soluble solids after harvest and pressure test, titratable acidity, soluble solids, stem-cavity browning and core flush in tests after storage were all unchanged. In addition, none of these tests were affected by cultivation except pressure test, which decreased with more cultivation (P = 0.10).Yield was not changed by either the nitrogen or the cultivation treatments, and terminal length increased only slightly with more cultivation. However, nitrogen concentration in the leaf was increased from 1.90 to 1.98% by the nitrogen treatments and from 1.83 to 1.98% by increasing cultivation. Extra Fancy grade was reduced and C grade increased by increasing nitrogen (P = 0.10), but cultivation had no effect.The conclusion is drawn that grass sod can very largely eliminate the effect of widely different nitrogen fertilization levels on McIntosh apple, and that moderate cultivation changes this effect only slightly. In many mature orchards of high initial fertility, nitrogen fertilizer may be required in only small amounts or even not at all for optimum fruit color.

scholarly journals Pre-Harvest Application of Plant Biostimulant on the Quality and Shelf-Life of Yellow Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna M. M. Aroucha ◽  
Cleiniane M. G. de Sousa ◽  
José Francismar Medeiros ◽  
Glêidson B. de Góes ◽  
Iarajane B. do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Cold Chamber ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Quality And Shelf Life ◽  
Plot Design

The purpose this work was to evaluate the influence of pre-harvest application of plant biostimulant on the quality and shelf-life of melon. For this an experiment was established in the “Coopyfrutas”, located in Rio Grande do Norte state/Brazil. The treatments consisted of a combination of factors: melon cultivars (‘Goldex’ and ‘Iracema’) and pre-harvest application of plant biostimulant, Crop Set®, (with and without). At commercial maturity, some fruit of each treatment were sampled and analyzed and the others were stored in a cold chamber at 10±2 ºC and 80±2% relative humidity. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized split-plot design. The plots consisted of cultivars and Crop Set® application and subplots of different storage time (0, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after harvest) with eight replications. The characteristics evaluated were length, diameter, internal cavity, external and internal appearance, weight loss, fresh firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, SS/TA ratio, and total soluble sugars. Applications of plant biostimulant led to an increase in fruit length and diameter. It reduced fresh firmness and increased the pH of ‘Goldex’ fruit. The total soluble sugars reduced at 35 days of storage in the ‘Iracema’ fruit treated with plant biostimulant.

scholarly journals ETHYLENE PRETREATMENT ALLOWS EARLY HARVEST OF CARAMBOLA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174d-1174
Author(s):  
Steven A. Sargent ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht
Keyword(s):  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Early Harvest

Carambolas (Averrhoa carambola L., cv. Arkin) ware harvested at colorbreak (CB) and light green (LG) ripeness stages, commercially packed and cooled. The next day the fruit were treated as: Control (ungassed): CB, LG; Ethylene pretreatment (ETH) @100ppm: LC for 1, 2 or 3 days at 20°C or 25°. After pretreatment the fruit were stored at 5°. After 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks, 10 fruit from each treatment ware removed from storage and placed at 20°. Fruit color and decay were rated daily until 80% of the fruit in each treatment reached the yellow ripeness stage, at which time external color, total soluble solids (TSS), pH and total titratable acidity (TTA) were determined. Carambolas harvested at the LG stage can be ripened to good quality with ETH pretreatment. For two weeks storage at 5°, 2 days ETH are necessary at 20° or 25° to initiate ripening. For three weeks storage, 3 days ETH are required at 20°, and 2 or 3 days ETH are required at 25°. Fruit stored four weeks were of fair quality. LG with slower ripening initiation developed chilling injury during storage; the fastest initiation had the best color but the shortest marketing life. Fruit harvested CB had slightly higher TSS than ETH-treated LG but pH and TTA were similar.

scholarly journals Fruit set and yield of apple trees cv. Gala treated with seaweed extract of ascophyllum nodosum and thidiazuron

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Antonio Ayub ◽  
Anelise Marques de Sousa ◽  
Thayna Viencz ◽  
Renato Vasconcelos Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Amazonas State

Abstract The low effective fruiting is one of the biggest problems of apples’ production in Brazil and its main cause involves the process of pollination. The objective was to evaluate the fruit set and production of apple trees cv. Gala treated with extract of seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and thidiazuron. The experiment was carried out during two cycles (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) in Porto Amazonas, State of Paraná, Brazil, with apple trees cv. Gala. The following treatments were applied at full bloom: thidiazuron at 10 and 15 mg L-1, Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract (Algamare®) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.6%. No treated plants were used as control. It was evaluated: fruit set, number of fruits, fruit weight, yield per plant, number of seeds per fruit, length and diameter of fruit, length/diameter ratio (L/D), titratable acidity, soluble solids, firmness and growth of shoots. The algae extract presented similar effects of thidiazuron in apple trees, promoting, in at least one of the cycles, the increase in fruit set, number of fruits, weight and length of fruits without changing their maturation. The application of Algamare® at 0.3% was the most effective treatment for yield improvement in ‘Gala’ apples.

scholarly journals Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) affects cv. Royal Gala apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage – Short communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
N. Magazin ◽  
Z. Keserović ◽  
B. Milić ◽  
M. Dorić
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Quality Assessments

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis was applied at a concentration of 125 g/l of active ingredient on Royal Gala apple trees 4 weeks before the anticipated harvest in two consecutive years. Immediately after harvest fruits were stored at 1°C and 90% of relative humidity for up to 90 days. Quality assessments of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and firmness were done on 30-days intervals after harvest. Treating Royal Gala apples with AVG significantly slowed down starch degradation in fruits but in the same time increased fruit weight. Also, the development of over colour was negatively affected. A positive influence on fruits’ firmness was also evident, while there was no influence of AVG on TSS and TA.    

scholarly journals Effects of Daminozide, Paclobutrazol, and Uniconazole Treatments on `McIntosh' Apples at Harvest and Following Storage

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Elfving ◽  
E.C. Lougheed ◽  
C.L. Chu ◽  
R.A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Butanedioic Acid ◽  
Solids Content

Foliar daminozide (DZ) applications to `McIntosh' apple trees (Malus domestics Borkh.) increased fruit color, reduced preharvest drop, resulted in greater firmness at harvest and after air storage, delayed starch hydrolysis, and reduced fruit ethylene production at harvest and after storage. Foliar paclobutrazol (PBZ) reduced preharvest drop and flesh firmness loss if applied within 5 weeks after full bloom (WAFB). Later applications had no effect. PBZ did not influence the progress of starch hydrolysis or ethylene production at harvest but reduced poststorage ethylene production in one season. Stem-cavity browning and brown core were increased by PBZ applied at 5 and 9 WAFB in 1987. In 1988, fruit soluble solids content (SSC) was reduced by a double application of PBZ and by uniconazole (UCZ). UCZ had little effect on `McIntosh' fruit other than the reduction in SSC. PBZ applications were less consistent in their effects than DZ. Chemical names used: butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide); ß-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-α- -(l,l-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol); ß-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (uniconazole).

scholarly journals Effect of preharvest spraying with thidiazuron on fruit quality and maturity of apples

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Clarice Aparecida Megguer ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Solids Content

Apple trees, cultivars Gala and Fuji, were sprayed at full bloom with thidiazuron (TDZ) at the doses of 0, 5, 10, or 20 g (a.i.) ha-1 and fruit were assessed for quality and maturity. In both cultivars, the increase of TDZ dose had detrimental effects on fruit quality, causing a reduction of fruit red surface and an increase of percentage of fruit that was asymmetrical and with calyx-end rot. TDZ caused an increment of calyx-end aperture that might have increased calyx-end rot. TDZ increased density and the length : diameter (L : D) ratio of the fruit. The number of viable seeds was not affected by TDZ. TDZ resulted in a substantial delay of fruit maturity in 'Gala' but not in 'Fuji'. TDZ also reduced soluble solids content (SSC) in 'Gala' and reduced titratable acidity in both cultivars.

scholarly journals Yield and fruit quality of apple from conventional and organic production systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Cristiano André Steffens ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
Jackson Adriano Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Management System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Solids Content

The objective of this study was to assess the yield and fruit quality of apple produced with a conventional and an organic production systems in Southern Brazil. The orchards consisted of alternate rows from 10 to 12-year old 'Royal Gala' and 'Fuji' apple trees on M.7 rootstocks, grown as slender spindles, on 4x6 m spacing. Eighteen apple trees of each cultivar and management system were randomly selected and assessed for nutrition, flowering, fruit set, yield, and fruit quality during two growing seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004). The organic management system resulted in lower concentrations of K, Mg, and N in leaves and fruits, and in smaller fruits for both cultivars, and lower fruit yield for 'Fuji' than from the conventional production system. For both cultivars, fruits from the organic orchard harvested at commercial maturity had a more yellowish skin background color, higher percentage of blush in the fruit skin, higher soluble solids content, higher density, higher flesh firmness, and higher severity of russet than fruits from the conventional orchard. Fruit from the organic orchard had lower titratable acidity in 'Royal Gala', and higher incidence of moldy core and lower incidence of watercore in 'Fuji', than fruit from the conventional orchard. A non-trained sensory panel detected no significant differences for fruit attributes of taste, flavor and texture between fruit from the production systems for either cultivar.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of an Amino Acid-Enriched Urea Fertilizer on ‘Greco’ Grapevines at Full Veraison Increases Berry Yeast-Assimilable Nitrogen Content

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mataffo ◽  
Pasquale Scognamiglio ◽  
Antonio Dente ◽  
Daniela Strollo ◽  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen ◽  
Assimilable Nitrogen

Reaching a sufficient yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) content in berries at harvest is considered a main viticultural goal for wine-making, because low YANs can slow down must fermentation and have negative effects on wine sensory attributes. For this reason, many attempts have been made to define correct fertilization strategies to stimulate YAN accumulation in the berries. Foliar application of amino acid-enriched urea fertilizer is considered a promising environmentally friendly strategy for improving the yield and nutrient efficiency of plants. The aim of this two-year research was to study the effects of two fertilizers based on urea enriched with amino acids applied at low doses in diverse phenological stages on berry YAN concentration in ‘Greco’ grapevines. The results of this study indicate that amino acid-enriched urea fertilizers induced an increase in YANs in the ‘Greco’ berries at harvest, but only when the application was undertaken at full veraison. Foliar applications applied at veraison onset or post-veraison appeared to be ineffective. In addition, the fertilizers enhanced YAN accumulation in the berry without modifying the other composition parameters measured in this study (total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and malic acid). Therefore, the results of our study suggest that foliar application of urea fertilizers enriched with amino acids is an effective strategy to increase yeast-assimilable nitrogen concentration in grapevine berries at harvest.

scholarly journals Lovastatin Inhibits α-Farnesene Biosynthesis and Scald Development in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' Apples and `d'Anjou' Pears

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Ju ◽  
Eric A. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Lovastatin Treatment

Effects of Lovastatin treatment on ethylene production, α-farnesene biosynthesis, and scald development were studied using `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] and `d'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.) stored in air at 0 °C. During 6 months storage, Lovastatin did not affect internal ethylene concentration but reduced α-farnesene production in a concentration dependent manner in both apples and pears. Lovastatin reduced scald at 0.63 mmol·L-1 and inhibited scald completely at 1.25 or 2.50 mmol·L-1 in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples. In `d'Anjou' pears, Lovastatin at concentrations from 0.25 to 1.25 mmol·L-1 inhibited scald completely. After 8 months storage, inhibition of scald in both apples and pears by Lovastatin was concentration-dependent but none of the concentrations totally eliminated scald. Compared with 11.8 mmol·L-1 diphenylamine, Lovastatin treatment reduced scald to the same level at 1.25 mmol·L-1 in `d'Anjou' pear and 2.50 mmol·L-1 in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples. Lovastatin did not affect apple or pear fruit color, firmness, soluble solids content, or titratable acidity during storage in either apple or pear compared with the controls. Chemical name used: [1S-[1a (R °), 3α, 7β, 8β (2S °, 4S °), 8αβ]]-1,2,3,7,8,8α-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthaienyl 2-methylbutanoate (Lovastatin).

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization and Liming Improves Growth, Production, Gas Exchange and Post-Harvest Quality of Yellow Flower Jambu

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Vivian Christine Nascimento Costa ◽  
Mário Lopes da Silva Júnior ◽  
Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio ◽  
Ricardo Falesi Palha de Moraes Bittencourt ◽  
Stefany Priscila Reis Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Growth Production

Jambu is a vegetable, widely consumed in the Brazilian North Region, both in typical foods and medicinal herb. Despite its versatility, there are uncountable challenges in relation to its cultivation, especially with regard to the availability of information on nutritional management, such as the lack of data on the effect of liming associated with the supply of nitrogen (N) on the production performance of the crop. Thus, the effect of nitrogen fertilization and liming on growth, production, physiological responses and post-harvest quality of the yellow-flowered variety jambu was evaluated. The experimental design was randomized in factorial blocks (6 x 2), with five repetitions. The treatments consisted in the combination of six doses of N (0; 60; 90; 120; 150 and 180 kg ha-1) with and without liming application (0 and 70% V). The variables of growth, production, gas exchange and post-harvest quality of jambu were evaluated. Standardly, there was interaction between N-dose and liming factors for most of the analyzed variables, except for titratable acidity and total soluble solids and titratable acidity ratio. In general, the increasing of N doses combined with liming positively affected growth, production, physiological responses and post-harvest quality, and it was observed that in the 170 kg ha-1 dose of N higher response was obtained in the biomass accumulation of the aerial part and in the 180 kg ha-1 dose of N maximum production of inflorescences. Therefore, the use of correctives associated with nitrogen fertilization is recommended to obtain more significant production and quality of jambu.

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