Hibernation Sites of Phytoseiids (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in Ontario Peach Orchards

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Number Of Authors

A number of authors who have mentioned phytoseiid mites as predators of tetranychids reported that “Seius” or “Seiulus” spp. hibernated in the bark of trees, but until recently the taxonomy of the Phytoseiidae was so confused that the identity of the species concerned is uncertain. Herbert (1952), in Nova Scotia,was apparently the first to deal with species that can be definitely identified; she reported that a number of species of Typhlodromus, including most of those occurring on peach in Ontario, overwintered on apple trees under bark scales, in empty hibernacula of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), in empty oyster-shell scales, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.), and in cocoons of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.). Chant (1958) found numbers of T. pyri Scheut. hibernating in burlap pads tied to apple trees in England.

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. IX. Studies on Means of Altering Predator Populations

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Mite Population ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Phytophagous Mite ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Predacious Species

It has been established that a complex of predacious arthropods on apple trees in Nova Scotia can control phytophagous mite populations (Lord, 1949). Some of the predators, when sufficiently numerous, may also be important in the control of other pests such as the eye-spotted bud-moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), and the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.). When predation has reduced the mite population to small numbers, the insect predators almost disappear from the orchard. In most orchards in this province, the use of spray materials innocuous to predators has greatly reduced the phytophagous mite populations. The low mite population is an important gain but it is not known whether the attendant small numbers of predators is advantageous in the natural control of pests in general. This will be answered in time by the experience of the growers and, meanwhile, further research is needed on the interrelations of the phytophagous and predacious species and on how they are affected by orchard practices and other factors. This involves studies on the food preferences and behaviour of many species. In addition, means must be found to modify cultural practices to make conditions as favourable as possible for certain species of predators.

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PREDACIOUS MITES ON APPLE TREES IN NOVA SCOTIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Zetzellia Mali ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali ◽  
Mature Apple

AbstractThe relative densities of phytophagous and predacious mites within mature apple trees were examined. The eggs of phytophagous mites Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were more numerous in the lower position of the tree while the reverse was true for the predacious mite Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and its eggs.

Codling Moth Infestation in the Tops of Sprayed and of Unsprayed Apple Trees: Second Report1

1950 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Richardson ◽  
Robert F. Du Chanois
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Trees

GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) AS PREDATORS OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer A.C. Hagley ◽  
W.R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius ◽  
Amara Aenea

AbstractPterostichus melanarius Ill. was the predominant ground beetle recovered in pitfall traps in three blocks of apple trees at Jordan Station, Ont. In one block, C, the number of mature fifth-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) seeking overwintering sites was related significantly (r2 = 0.5476, P < 0.05) to the number of P. melanarius caught, but was not related significantly (r2 = 0.1181, P > 0.10) to the proportion of beetles that were serologically positive. The proportion of larvae pupating also was not related significantly (r2 = 0.2014, P > 0.10) to the number of P. melanarius. The total number of all predators caught was related significantly (r2 = 0.4490, P < 0.05) to the number of larvae present, but the proportion of larvae that pupated was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3606, P > 0.05) to the total number of predators.In block A, in 1983–1985, the number of mature larvae of C. pomonella seeking overwintering sites was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3763, 0.3619, and 0.5042, P > 0.05, respectively) to the number of P. melanarius taken in pitfall traps. In both blocks A and B, the number of serologically positive beetles was not related significantly (r2 = 0.3824 and 0.7921, P > 0.10, respectively) to the number of larvae seeking overwintering sites.Amara aenea DeG., Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F., Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum Say, Clivinia impressifrons LeC., Diplochaeila impressicolis (Dej.), Harpalus aeneus F., and Pterostichus chalcites Say also gave positive serological reactions to the antiserum against C. pomonella.The occurrence of other species of Lepidoptera did not affect significantly the results obtained for C. pomonella.

scholarly journals Short communication. Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from apple trees in Río Negro, Argentina

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Ruíz ◽  
D.H. Sosa ◽  
C. Speranza ◽  
A.C. Lofego ◽  
G.J. De Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Rio Negro

CODLING MOTH POPULATIONS UNDER NATURAL, INTEGRATED, AND CHEMICAL CONTROL ON APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. MacLellan
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Degree Of Isolation ◽  
Artificial Control

AbstractCodling moth populations on natural apple fruit trees scattered throughout Nova Scotia are compared with those in commercial orchards. In natural fruit, failure of crop, crop size, degree of isolation, amount of crowding by native trees, and natural enemies determine the level of codling moth numbers. Young commercial orchards require artificial control measures within a few years of first bearing fruit to prevent severe crop losses. In older commercial orchards natural controls require an occasional assist by chemical treatment to contain the codling moth below economically tolerable levels. Such treatment is applied to interfere as little as possible with known natural controls.

Life History and Habits of the Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea M. & A. (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on Apple in Nova Scotia

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 934-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Geographical Race ◽  
Nova Scotian

Morgan and Anderson (1957) discussed in detail the synonymy of the Bryobia praetiosa Koch complex. They raised the apple inhabiting form to species status, and gave it the name, brown mite, Bryobia arborea.The brown mite from apple trees in Nova Scotia was examined by C. V. G. Morgan, Summerland, British Columbia, and found to be morphologically similar to the B. arborea on apple in British Columbia. It is possible, however, that the Nova Scotian form may be a geographical race.

POPULATIONS OF SOME MAJOR PESTS AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES ON YOUNG AND SEMIDWARF APPLE TREES IN NOVA SCOTIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. MacLellan
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Standard Size

AbstractThe population densities of several major apple pests and their natural enemies were studied in an insecticide-free young bearing orchard and in an older orchard of semidwarf trees on an integrated control program. In mature orchards of standard size trees, greater natural mortality occurs than that reported in this study. Over a 5-year period most pests, with notable exceptions, increased rapidly under insecticide-free conditions whereas occasional numerical surges of certain pest species occurred under the mild insecticide program. Insect damage on fruit at harvest averaged 24% in the insecticide-free orchard and 8% in the integrated control orchard which had 2.4 times more harvested fruit.

Sampling Predator Populations on Apple Trees in Nova Scotia

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
High Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Wire Screen ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Very High

AbstractProblems associated with quantitative estimations of mixed populations of several species of predators on apple trees are discussed. The problems arise largely because of the inherently high variability in such populations and because of the mechanical difficulties of counting predators on some basic unit of tree. In this investigation two devices used in sampling are described and their efficiency rated. One, a vacuum sampler, that removed predators from samples of leaf clusters on the tree failed to meet the standards set. The other, called the shaker sampler, tumbled clusters about in a revolving wire screen cage to dislodge predators for counting. The amount of processing with this device to remove practically all predacious specimens was calibrated. When the shaker-sampler technique was applied to studies in two orchards it proved to be practical for quantitative estimation of predator populations per large limb. The error associated with estimations of the density of individual species was usually very high so that pooling of the results for several or all species was required to reduce the variance to an acceptable level.

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