Phygadeuon trichops Thoms. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an Occasional Parasite of Hylemya spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elizabeth Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Trybliographa Rapae ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Preferred Hosts

In extensive surveys for parasites of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), H. floralis (Fall.), and H. cilicrura (Rond.) on cruciferous crops in Canada and Europe, observations were made on the life-histories and behaviour of the parasites. Accounts of the two most abundant parasites, Aleochara bilineata Gyll. and Trybliographa rapae (Westw.), have already been published, the former by Colhoun (1953) and the latter by Wishart and Monteith (1954). The present paper deals with one of the minor parasites, Phygadeuon trichops Thoms. In the surveys this parasite was found in Norway, Holland, and Scotland but in such small numbers as to indicate that it has other, preferred hosts and that it only occasionally attacks Hylemya spp. Phygadeuon fumator (Grav.) was reared from Hylemya sp. from France and is recorded in the literature from Hylemya spp. in Russia (Meier, 1927; Vodinskaya, 1928) and in England (Wadsworth, 1915). No references were found to P. trichops from Hylemya spp. and no accounts of the biology of either species.

Notes on the Life History of Aleochara bilineata (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and on Its Potential Value as a Control Agent for the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

The rove beetle, Aleochara bilineata Gyll., is known as a predator and a parasite of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), in most areas where the latter is an economic pest of cruciferous crops (Wishart, 1957; Wishart et al., 1956, 1957; Hughes, 1959). However, although A. bilineata is an extremely prolific insect (Colhoun, 1953; Wishart et al., 1956), in that the adult beetles destroy root maggot eggs and larvae and the parasite larvae destroy root magpt pupae, little has been reported concerning the economic value of the predator-parasite as a natural control agent. Preliminary studies in Prince Edward Island indicated that the predator destroved large numbers of root maggots but it did not appear to sive economic control (Read, 1960). Details of the biology of this predator have been presented by Colhoun (1953). This is a report of studies conducted to determine the potential value of A. bilineata as a natural control agent, and includes observations on the comparative life histories of host and parasite and notes on predation and parasitism in the greenhouse and on parasitism in the field.

Notes on the Stages and the Biology of Baryodma ontarionis Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), a Parasite of the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae Bouché (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Colhoun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
European Species ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

During investigations on the natural enemies of root maggots attacking Cruciferae, the beetle Baryodma ontarionis Casey was reared from puparia of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché). This was not unexpected, for Gibson and Treherne (1916) had reported a similar occurrence; the staphylinid beetles reared at that time were identified by Casey (1916), who decided that they belonged to the verna group of Baryodma and assigned the name Baryodma ontarionis. Casey (loc. cit.) considered the species rather common and stated that it did not seem to resemble any European species; but Mr. W. J. Brown (in litt.), Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Ottawa, who identified the beetles collected in 1950, is of the opinion that B. ontarionis is synonymous with Aleochara bilineata Gyll., tvhich attaclrs the cabbage maggot in Europe. Wadsworth (1915) dealt with the biology of A. bilineata, giving detailed descriptions of the immature stages. A study of the biology of B. ontarionis was carried out at the Belleville laboratory as part of n program of parasite introduction with the purpose in view of using the information to evaluate the beetle as a factor in the control of root maggots that are severe pests of cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, and radish.

ECOLOGY OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), IN RUTABAGA IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON OTHER ROOT MAGGOTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S.S. Nair ◽  
F. L. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Strongwellsea Castrans ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), had three generations per year from 1970 to 1973 inclusive, a partial fourth was noted in most years. A small proportion of first generation pupae entered aestivation in 1971.Thermal units required for fly emergence from overwintered pupae fell within a narrow range (174 to 199), but there was little correlation between thermal units and fly emergence in subsequent generations. Lack of adequate moisture delayed establishment of larvae in roots in some generations. Lack of adequate soil moisture delayed establishment of larvae in roots in some generations, and this appeared to be the chief reason for the lack of correlation between thermal units and fly peaks.Throughout this investigation the over-all population remained remarkably constant. Parasitism by a staphylinid, Aleochara bilineata Gyll., and a fungus, Strongwellsea castrans Batko and Weiser, and soil moisture were the most important biological and climatic factors affecting survival. Parasitism of the adult by a nematode, Heterotylenchus sp., was recorded for the first time.Although large numbers of seed maggot adults, Hylemya florilega (Zett.) and H. platura (Meig.), were recorded, few infested rutabaga. Other species trapped included Euxesta notata (Weid.) and Muscina spp.

COMBINED EFFECTS OF SOIL-INCORPORATED AND FOLIAR-APPLIED INSECTICIDES IN BED-SYSTEM PRODUCTION OF BRASSICA CROPS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. FINLAYSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Percentage Parasitism ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

In a 4-yr study (1974–1977), combinations of selected soil-incorporated insecticides (carbofuran, chlorfenvinphos, disulfoton, fensulfothion, terbufos and isofenphos) and foliar-applied insecticides (Dipel®, methomyl, ethiofencarb/Thuricide®, methamidophos and permethrin) were studied to determine their effects on occurrence of cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae [Bouché]) and its parasites, and of various leaf-feeding lepidopterous larvae and aphids during bed-system production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck), Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Zenker), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). Several soil-incorporated insecticides reduced the numbers of emergent seedlings. Plants treated with carbofuran and chlorfenvinphos had least maggot damage in their roots. Disulfoton was ineffective. The best aphicide was ethiofencarb closely followed by methamidophos. Permethrin was ineffective as an aphicide but very effective against lepidopterous larvae. Numbers of overwintering puparia of H. brassicae were greatest from untreated plants and least from plants treated with chlorfenvinphos. Percentage parasitism by the staphylinid beetle Aleochara bilineata Gyll. averaged 32% in puparia from untreated plots, but only 5.5% in those from treated plots.

Chemical Control of the Cabbage Root Maggot Integrated with Natural Controls

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 136-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Scatophaga Stercoraria ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Cabbage Root Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Root Maggot

Application of 5 Ibs. toxicant Ileptachlor or aldrin per acre placed in a 4- to 5-inch hand about 1½ inches below the surface of the soil in a ridged seeding drill have controlled infestations of the cabbage root maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouche) in cabbage and rutabagas for eight consecutive years on one farm in Prince Edward Island without detectable indications of resktance. The insecticide is so placed in the soil as to be most concentrated against the young root maggot larvae and least concentrated against the following predators and parasites: Coenosia tigrina (Fall.) and Scatophaga stercoraria. (L.), which attack and destroy H. brassicae flies in flight, on the soil surface, or on plant foliage; various species of Carabid beetles which destroy H. brassicae eggs at or near the soil surface, Trybliographa rapae (L.), the larvae of which parasitize and destroy H. brassicae larvae in the plant roots; and Aleochara bilineata (Gyll.), with adults destroying H. brassicae eggs or young larvae near the soil surface, and larvae in the plant roots, and the larvae parasitising H. brassicae puparia and destroying the pupae. Records of field observations, supplemented with data obtained on green-house determinations of the potential reproduction of both predators and host, indicate that any one of these predators could theoretically eliminate the pest population from an area in two to three generations. They do not eliminate or even give apparent economic control of the pest because a) the aerial attackers do not find and destroy adults of the pest before many eggs are deposited in the soil; b) many eggs are hidden in the soil by wind and rain and thus protected from discovery by predators; and c) larval and puparial parasites attack after the pest has injured the crop.

Parasitism of overwintering pupae of cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), in England and Wales

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Finch ◽  
Rosemary H. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Trybliographa Rapae ◽  
Cabbage Root Fly

AbstractIn populations of overwintering pupae of Delia radicum (L.) collected from ten sites in England and Wales, parasitism varied from 0% at Newcastle to 42% at Evesham. Unlike their hosts, few of the parasites were in extended diapause. Irrespective of when collected at Wellesbourne, emergence of 50% of the ichneumonid parasite Phygadeuon trichops Thoms., the eucoilid parasite Trybliographa rapae (Westw.) and the staphylinid parasite Aleochara bilineata Gylh. occurred after 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively, at 20°C. Early-emerging populations of D. radicum were more heavily parasitised than intermediate- or late-emerging populations. During the winters of 1979–80, 1980–81 and 1981–82, T. rapae and A. bilineata emerged in similar numbers from 37% of the field-collected pupae from Wellesbourne. Less than 1% of the pupae were parasitised by P. trichops. D. radicum adults emerged from a further 25% of the pupae, and the remainder, approximately 38%, were dead. Most dead pupae were recovered from heavily parasitised populations. When parasites were present in high numbers, many of their progeny probably died from multiple parasitism and superparasitism. Comparison with earlier studies indicated that parasitism should be expressed as a percentage of the total pupae, and not just as a percentage of the living insects, if the data are subsequently to be of use for studies on the population dynamics of this pest.

PARASITISM OF OVERWINTERING PUPARIA OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, DELIA RADICUM (L.) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), IN RELATION TO HOST DENSITY AND WEATHER FACTORS

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Turnock ◽  
G. Boivin ◽  
J.W. Whistlecraft
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Trybliographa Rapae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractPuparia of Delia radicum collected in late autumn at Winnipeg and Portage la Prairie (Manitoba), St-Jean-sur-Richelieu (Quebec), London (Ontario), and St. John’s (Newfoundland) were parasitized mainly by Aleochara bilineata (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and Trybliographa rapae (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). At Winnipeg, St-Jean, and St. John’s parasitism by A. bilineata was high (<94%) and by T. rapae was low (<3%). At London, both parasitoids attacked less than 14% of the host puparia. At Winnipeg, host population density was related to parasitism by A. bilineata and to the temperature and rainfall during June and July. Parasitism by A. bilineata may be related to cumulative degree-days over 5°C during June and July at Winnipeg and during June and September at London. In Canada, the parasitoid complex is not effectively stabilizing host population density. The introduction of additional parasitoid species should be considered.

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