PARASITISM OF OVERWINTERING PUPARIA OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, DELIA RADICUM (L.) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), IN RELATION TO HOST DENSITY AND WEATHER FACTORS

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Turnock ◽  
G. Boivin ◽  
J.W. Whistlecraft
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Trybliographa Rapae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractPuparia of Delia radicum collected in late autumn at Winnipeg and Portage la Prairie (Manitoba), St-Jean-sur-Richelieu (Quebec), London (Ontario), and St. John’s (Newfoundland) were parasitized mainly by Aleochara bilineata (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and Trybliographa rapae (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). At Winnipeg, St-Jean, and St. John’s parasitism by A. bilineata was high (<94%) and by T. rapae was low (<3%). At London, both parasitoids attacked less than 14% of the host puparia. At Winnipeg, host population density was related to parasitism by A. bilineata and to the temperature and rainfall during June and July. Parasitism by A. bilineata may be related to cumulative degree-days over 5°C during June and July at Winnipeg and during June and September at London. In Canada, the parasitoid complex is not effectively stabilizing host population density. The introduction of additional parasitoid species should be considered.

Parasite infection and host dynamics in a naturally fluctuating rodent population

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Winternitz ◽  
M.J. Yabsley ◽  
S.M. Altizer
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Vole Cycles ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
The Impact

Parasites can both influence and be affected by host population dynamics, and a growing number of case studies support a role for parasites in causing or amplifying host population cycles. In this study, we examined individual and population predictors of gastrointestinal parasitism on wild cyclic montane voles ( Microtus montanus (Peale, 1848)) to determine if evidence was consistent with theory implicating parasites in population cycles. We sampled three sites in central Colorado for the duration of a multiannual cycle and recorded the prevalence and intensity of directly transmitted Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and indirectly transmitted cestodes from a total of 267 voles. We found significant associations between host infection status, individual traits (sex, age, and reproductive status) and population variables (site, trapping period, and population density), including a positive association between host density and cestode prevalence, and a negative association between host density and Eimeria prevalence. Both cestode and Eimeria intensity correlated positively with host age, reproductive status, and population density, but neither parasite was associated with poorer host condition. Our findings suggest that parasites are common in this natural host, but determining their potential to influence montane vole cycles requires future experimental studies and long-term monitoring to determine the fitness consequences of infection and the impact of parasite removal on host dynamics.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of parasitic protozoan infections in Soay sheep (Ovis ariesL.) on St Kilda

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. CRAIG ◽  
J. G. PILKINGTON ◽  
L. E. B. KRUUK ◽  
J. M. PEMBERTON
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Soay Sheep ◽  
Wild Host

The feral Soay sheep (Ovis ariesL.) population on Hirta, St Kilda, is host to a diverse component parasite community, but previous parasitological studies of the population have only focussed on the metazoan species. This paper reports the first epidemiological study of the protozoan species comprisingCryptosporidium parvum,Giardia duodenalisand 11 species ofEimeriain Soay sheep across 3 years of varying host population density. Prevalence and intensity of almost all species of protozoa significantly decreased with host age, with the exception ofE. granulosa, which increased in prevalence with host age. The prevalence ofC. parvumappeared to vary positively with host population density but that ofG. duodenalisdid not vary significantly with density. Most species ofEimeriashowed a distinct lag in infection level following the host population crash of 2002, taking up to 2 years to decrease. MixedEimeriaspecies intensity and diversity were highest in 2002, a year of low host density. Parasite diversity decreased with host age and was higher in males. There were 5 positive pair-wise associations between protozoa species in terms of prevalence. The results of this study highlight the potential for protozoal infection to shape the evolution of parasite resistance in wild host populations harbouring diverse parasite species.

Parasitism of overwintering pupae of cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), in England and Wales

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Finch ◽  
Rosemary H. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Trybliographa Rapae ◽  
Cabbage Root Fly

AbstractIn populations of overwintering pupae of Delia radicum (L.) collected from ten sites in England and Wales, parasitism varied from 0% at Newcastle to 42% at Evesham. Unlike their hosts, few of the parasites were in extended diapause. Irrespective of when collected at Wellesbourne, emergence of 50% of the ichneumonid parasite Phygadeuon trichops Thoms., the eucoilid parasite Trybliographa rapae (Westw.) and the staphylinid parasite Aleochara bilineata Gylh. occurred after 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively, at 20°C. Early-emerging populations of D. radicum were more heavily parasitised than intermediate- or late-emerging populations. During the winters of 1979–80, 1980–81 and 1981–82, T. rapae and A. bilineata emerged in similar numbers from 37% of the field-collected pupae from Wellesbourne. Less than 1% of the pupae were parasitised by P. trichops. D. radicum adults emerged from a further 25% of the pupae, and the remainder, approximately 38%, were dead. Most dead pupae were recovered from heavily parasitised populations. When parasites were present in high numbers, many of their progeny probably died from multiple parasitism and superparasitism. Comparison with earlier studies indicated that parasitism should be expressed as a percentage of the total pupae, and not just as a percentage of the living insects, if the data are subsequently to be of use for studies on the population dynamics of this pest.

The effect of host density on the establishment and fecundity of Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Kerboeuf
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Male Hormone

The effect of mouse population density on the establishment, survival and fecundity of single cohorts of Heligmosomoides polygyrus was investigated. No significant relationship was found between host population density and the worm burden at post mortem. But, lower host population densities were associated with higher parasite fecundities and with higher overall mean daily faecal output. The results might be explained by a decrease in male hormone secretion or digestive disturbances associated with lower ingesta in the higher host population densities. Effects resulting from changes in immunological responses might also exist.

Evaluation of Degree-Day and Julian-Day Logistic Models in Predicting Cabbage Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Emergence and Flight in Upstate New York

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jyoti ◽  
A. M. Shelton ◽  
J. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
Spring Generation ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

A 2 yr (1999–2000) study using water-pan traps in the field indicated four generations, including the spring generation, of cabbage maggot adults, Delia radicum (L.), in upstate New York. On average over the 2 yrs, an accumulation of 160.7 ± 8.1 degree-days and 120 ± 3 Julian-days was required for the first adult emergence of flies from overwintered puparia (spring generation). The emergence of 10% of the population required a mean accumulation of 176.6 ± 3.8 degree days and 122.0 + 1.0 Julian days, 25% emergence required 204.2 ± 2.3 degree days and 125.0 ± 1.0 Julian days, 50% emergence required 251.3 ± 3.5 degree-days and 129.3 ± 1.5 Julian days, 75% emergence required 297.6 ± 30.4 degree-days and 132.0 ± 0.0 Julian days, and 95% emergence required 390.9 ± 10.1 degree days and 141.0 ± 3.0 Julian days. From the emergence of the first adult flies, the population required a mean accumulation of 449.2 ± 1.4 degree days to complete the spring emergence. For complete emergence of flies, the F1 generation required a mean accumulation of 508.4 ± 32.9 degree days, the F2 generation required 465.3 ± 21.5 degree days and the F3 generation required 399.1 ± 3.1 degree days. With the help of a degree-days model, it is possible to predict fly emergence in the spring and succeeding generations. This model can help growers minimize insecticide use through better timing of treatments or adjustment of planting dates. In addition, this model will be useful in developing sampling plans and control strategies for immature stages of cabbage maggot.

scholarly journals Diversity and seasonality of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Figitidae) in orchards of guava, loquat and peach

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF. Souza-Filho ◽  
A. Raga ◽  
JA. Azevedo-Filho ◽  
PC. Strikis ◽  
JA. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Seasonal Behavior ◽  
Leptopilina Boulardi ◽  
Torula Yeast ◽  
Tephritid Species

This work was carried out in orchards of guava progenies, and loquat and peach cultivars, in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, in 2002 and 2003. Guavas and loquats were bagged and unbagged bi-weekly and weekly, respectively, for assessment of the infestation period. Peach was only bagged weekly. The assays started when the fruits were at the beginning of development, but still green. Ripe fruits were taken to the laboratory and placed individually into plastic cups. McPhail plastic traps containing torula yeast were hung from January 2002 to January 2004 to assess the fruit fly population in each orchard, but only the Ceratitis capitata population is here discussed. Five tephritid species were reared from the fruits: Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. sororcula Zucchi, and C. capitata, in addition to six lonchaeid species: Neosilba certa (Walker), N. glaberrima (Wiedemann), N. pendula (Bezzi), N. zadolicha McAlpine and Steyskal, Neosilba sp. 4, and Neosilba sp. 10 (both species are in the process of being described by P. C. Strikis), as well as some unidentified Neosilba species. Ten parasitoid species were obtained from fruit fly puparia, of which five were braconids: Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), and five figitids: Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead, Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton and Kelner-Pillaut), and Trybliographa infuscata Diaz, Gallardo and Uchôa. Ceratitis capitata showed a seasonal behavior with population density peaking at the second semester of each year. Anastrepha and Neosilba species remained in the orchards throughout both years.

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