ECOLOGY OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), IN RUTABAGA IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON OTHER ROOT MAGGOTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S.S. Nair ◽  
F. L. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Strongwellsea Castrans ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), had three generations per year from 1970 to 1973 inclusive, a partial fourth was noted in most years. A small proportion of first generation pupae entered aestivation in 1971.Thermal units required for fly emergence from overwintered pupae fell within a narrow range (174 to 199), but there was little correlation between thermal units and fly emergence in subsequent generations. Lack of adequate moisture delayed establishment of larvae in roots in some generations. Lack of adequate soil moisture delayed establishment of larvae in roots in some generations, and this appeared to be the chief reason for the lack of correlation between thermal units and fly peaks.Throughout this investigation the over-all population remained remarkably constant. Parasitism by a staphylinid, Aleochara bilineata Gyll., and a fungus, Strongwellsea castrans Batko and Weiser, and soil moisture were the most important biological and climatic factors affecting survival. Parasitism of the adult by a nematode, Heterotylenchus sp., was recorded for the first time.Although large numbers of seed maggot adults, Hylemya florilega (Zett.) and H. platura (Meig.), were recorded, few infested rutabaga. Other species trapped included Euxesta notata (Weid.) and Muscina spp.

Notes on the Stages and the Biology of Baryodma ontarionis Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), a Parasite of the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae Bouché (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Colhoun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
European Species ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

During investigations on the natural enemies of root maggots attacking Cruciferae, the beetle Baryodma ontarionis Casey was reared from puparia of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché). This was not unexpected, for Gibson and Treherne (1916) had reported a similar occurrence; the staphylinid beetles reared at that time were identified by Casey (1916), who decided that they belonged to the verna group of Baryodma and assigned the name Baryodma ontarionis. Casey (loc. cit.) considered the species rather common and stated that it did not seem to resemble any European species; but Mr. W. J. Brown (in litt.), Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Ottawa, who identified the beetles collected in 1950, is of the opinion that B. ontarionis is synonymous with Aleochara bilineata Gyll., tvhich attaclrs the cabbage maggot in Europe. Wadsworth (1915) dealt with the biology of A. bilineata, giving detailed descriptions of the immature stages. A study of the biology of B. ontarionis was carried out at the Belleville laboratory as part of n program of parasite introduction with the purpose in view of using the information to evaluate the beetle as a factor in the control of root maggots that are severe pests of cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, and radish.

COMBINED EFFECTS OF SOIL-INCORPORATED AND FOLIAR-APPLIED INSECTICIDES IN BED-SYSTEM PRODUCTION OF BRASSICA CROPS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. FINLAYSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Percentage Parasitism ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

In a 4-yr study (1974–1977), combinations of selected soil-incorporated insecticides (carbofuran, chlorfenvinphos, disulfoton, fensulfothion, terbufos and isofenphos) and foliar-applied insecticides (Dipel®, methomyl, ethiofencarb/Thuricide®, methamidophos and permethrin) were studied to determine their effects on occurrence of cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae [Bouché]) and its parasites, and of various leaf-feeding lepidopterous larvae and aphids during bed-system production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck), Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Zenker), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). Several soil-incorporated insecticides reduced the numbers of emergent seedlings. Plants treated with carbofuran and chlorfenvinphos had least maggot damage in their roots. Disulfoton was ineffective. The best aphicide was ethiofencarb closely followed by methamidophos. Permethrin was ineffective as an aphicide but very effective against lepidopterous larvae. Numbers of overwintering puparia of H. brassicae were greatest from untreated plants and least from plants treated with chlorfenvinphos. Percentage parasitism by the staphylinid beetle Aleochara bilineata Gyll. averaged 32% in puparia from untreated plots, but only 5.5% in those from treated plots.

Notes on the Life History of Aleochara bilineata (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and on Its Potential Value as a Control Agent for the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

The rove beetle, Aleochara bilineata Gyll., is known as a predator and a parasite of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), in most areas where the latter is an economic pest of cruciferous crops (Wishart, 1957; Wishart et al., 1956, 1957; Hughes, 1959). However, although A. bilineata is an extremely prolific insect (Colhoun, 1953; Wishart et al., 1956), in that the adult beetles destroy root maggot eggs and larvae and the parasite larvae destroy root magpt pupae, little has been reported concerning the economic value of the predator-parasite as a natural control agent. Preliminary studies in Prince Edward Island indicated that the predator destroved large numbers of root maggots but it did not appear to sive economic control (Read, 1960). Details of the biology of this predator have been presented by Colhoun (1953). This is a report of studies conducted to determine the potential value of A. bilineata as a natural control agent, and includes observations on the comparative life histories of host and parasite and notes on predation and parasitism in the greenhouse and on parasitism in the field.

scholarly journals Large-scale vs. small-scale factors affecting flowering patterns in Senecio macrophyllus M.BIEB., a long-lived perennial

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożenna Czarnecka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Scale Factors

The aim of the study was to establish which of environmental factors affect flowering patterns in a long-lived herbaceous plant <i>Senecio macrophyllus</i>. The study was conducted in the population of Biała Góra (White Mountain) near Tomaszów Lubelski in the years 1989-2004. The results allow to conclude that in the reproductive patterns of the analysed population small-scale environmental factors (soil moisture and trophism, light intensity) are more important than large-scale climatic factors (temperature, precipitation), which to a comparable extent affect the plants in the whole population area.

Mass Rearing of the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in the Greenhouse

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

Large numbers of each of the stages of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), are often required for studies on biology or on biological or chemical control of the insect. A method has been reported by Sherwood and Pond (1954) for maintaining a colony for more than a year. The method described herein enables mass rearing of eggs, larvae and pupae and easy separation of any stage.

Cultural Factors Affecting the Negotiation of First Sexual Intercourse among Latina Adolescent Mothers

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela I. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Latina Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Adolescent Birth ◽  
First Time

In 1995, the Latina adolescent birth rate surpassed that of African Americans for the first time. This article investigates cultural and social factors affecting the initiation of sexual intercourse among Latina adolescent mothers in Los Angeles. The data are from life history interviews with forty young mothers and their partners conducted in 1994 to 1997. Results suggest that sexual intercourse is initiated within the context of the couple's developing relationship, and that the course of relationships is highly scripted. Men pressure for sex and women resist. Women should be ignorant about sex, but control access to intercourse. Sex is never discussed. Thus, it is unexpected, and contraception other than withdrawal is not used. This script places young Latinas at enormous risk for pregnancy and STDs.

scholarly journals Dispersal and colonization risk of the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, in southern Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Marchioro ◽  
Massimo Faccoli
Keyword(s):  
Spatiotemporal Data ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Geosmithia Morbida ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe Walnut Twig Beetle (WTB), Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, is a small bark beetle native to Mexico and Southwestern USA recorded for the first time in Europe (NE Italy) in 2013. WTB attacks walnut (Juglans spp.) and wingnut trees (Pterocarya spp.) and is the vector of Geosmithia morbida Kolarík et al., a pathogen causing the thousand cankers disease (TCD). WTB and TCD represent a serious threat for walnut orchards in Europe. Spatiotemporal data of the WTB-TCD infestations recorded from an 8-year-long (2013–2020) monitoring conducted in 106 walnut orchards of NE Italy were used to develop a model in order to analyze: (i) the effective dispersal capacity of WTB, (ii) the factors affecting dispersal and (iii) the colonization risk of healthy walnut orchards. We registered a mean annual dispersal of 9.4 km, with peaks of about 40 km. Pest dispersal is affected by distance of suitable hosts from the nearest infested site, number of walnut orchards in the surroundings (both infested and healthy), orchard size and walnut species in the orchard. Using the model, it was also possible to calculate the colonization risk of a specific walnut orchard according to its characteristics showing, for instance, that a medium-size (5,000 trees) black walnut orchard located at 25 km from the nearest infested orchard has an infestation risk of about 50% of probability.

Impact of climatic conditions on the parameters of failure flow of military vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110202
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Dobrzinskij ◽  
Algimantas Fedaravicius ◽  
Kestutis Pilkauskas ◽  
Egidijus Slizys
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the article is based on participation of armed forces in various operations and exercises, where reliability of machinery is one of the most important factors. Transportation of soldiers as well as completion of variety of tasks is ensured by properly functioning technical equipment. Reliability of military vehicles – armoured SISU E13TP Finnish built and HMMWV M1025 USA built were selected as the object of the article. Impact of climatic conditions on reliability of the vehicles exploited in southwestern part of the Atlantic continental forest area is researched by a case study of the vehicles exploitation under conditions of the climate of Lithuania. Reliability of military vehicles depends on a number of factors such as properties of the vehicles and external conditions of their operation. Their systems and mechanisms are influenced by a number of factors that cause different failures. Climatic conditions represent one of the factors of operating load which is directly dependent on the climate zone. Therefore, assessment of the reliability is started with the analysis of climatic factors affecting operating conditions of the vehicles. Relationship between the impact of climatic factors and failure flow of the vehicles is presented and discussed.

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