A Strain of Bacillus cereus Fr. and Fr. Pathogenic for the Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Heimpel
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
The Mean

AbstractA strain of Bacillus cereus (Pr-1017) was isolated from dead and dying larvae of the larch sawfly. Laboratory and field feeding tests resulted in mortalities as high as 60 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively.A positive correlation between the incidence of mortality and the mean daily temperatures was obtained in the field experiments.

THE pH IN THE GUT AND BLOOD OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HTG.), AND OTHER INSECTS WITH REFERENCE TO THE PATHOGENICITY OF BACILLUS CEREUS FR. AND FR.

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Heimpel
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Optimum Activity ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Gut Ph

Regional pH measurements in the gut and the blood of 11 species of Hymenoptera and two of Lepidoptera were made. The larvae were examined in their later instars, after ecdysis, after starvation, or as mature larvae. The gut pH was found to change regionally during development and under these different conditions, but the blood pH tended to remain relatively unchanged. The pH in the gut and of the blood of the larch sawfly was found to be close to the optimum for good growth of B. cereus and was within the optimum activity range of the enzyme lecithinase in the anterior two thirds of the mid-gut and in the blood. This apparently holds for most of the sawfly species examined and for Carpocapsa pomonella, but not for those Lepidoptera examined herein.

LECITHINASE PRODUCTION BY STRAINS OF BACILLUS CEREUS FR. AND FR. PATHOGENIC FOR THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HTG.)

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn J. Kushner ◽  
A. M. Heimpel
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Egg Lecithin ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Chemical Techniques

Strains of Bacillus cereus pathogenic for the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii, produce an enzyme that breaks down purified egg lecithin and the phospholipids of egg yolk and insect tissue. A study, using specific chemical techniques to measure lecithinase activity, of the relation between lecithinase production and pathogenicity supports an earlier postulate that lecithinase plays a role in the pathogenicity of B. cereus for the larch sawfly.

ESTIMATION OF EGG POPULATIONS OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HTG.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Branches

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), lays its eggs in the new terminal shoots of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. The oviposition injury usually causes the shoots to curl. During 1952 a sampling project was conducted in the Whiteshell Forest Reserve, Manitoba, to determine the feasibility of sampling tamarack trees to obtain estimates of the egg population of the larch sawfly. Additional data on the frequency distribution of the number of larch sawfly eggs per shoot were collected in 1953 and 1954 from several areas in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The number of eggs per curled tip varied between plots and between trees on one plot, but no factors contributing to variation could be found. The frequency distribution of the number of eggs per curled shoot was found to be a modified logarithmic normal distribution. The number of curled tips per branch and the number of branches per crown level varied between crown levels and between tree types. Stratification of the sample increased the efficiency of sampling, reducing the standard error of the mean by about 15% and the required sample size by about 30%. The large variation in the estimated number of curled tips per tree indicates that a large sample of trees is required to obtain accurate estimates. As a compromise between accuracy and practicability it is recommended that six-branch samples be taken from each of at least 15 trees, using stratified sampling with proportional allocation. Simple random sampling, taking two branches from the mid-crown of at least 25 trees, is suggested to provide a population index of sufficient accuracy for survey purposes.

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MODE OF ACTION OF STRAINS OFBACILLUS CEREUSFR. AND FR. PATHOGENIC FOR THE LARCH SAWFLY,PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII(HTG.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Heimpel
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Histopathological Evidence

There is a significant correlation between the pathogenicity for the larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) of Bacillus cereus Fr. and Fr. strains and their respective abilities to produce lecithinase. Species of the genus Bacillus that are incapable of producing lecithinase are not pathogenic for the larch sawfly. Histopathological evidence of toxemia during the progress of B. cereus infection of the sawfly larvae is presented and it is noted that the tissue degeneration is not of the type usually associated with proteolytic or lipolytic activity. Finally, approximately three micrograms of a lecithinase preparation (containing. approximately 21 mouse LD50per milligram) was found to be the LD50for the fifth-instar larva of the larch sawfly. The main conclusion drawn from this evidence is that lecithinase plays an important role in the invasion and destruction of infected larch sawfly larvae.

Relationship of Sense of Coherence to Other Psychosocial Indices

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Anders Thelin ◽  
Eva-Lena Stiernström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Mean

Summary: The concept of “sense of coherence” (SOC) has been widely recognized since it was first introduced by Antonovsky. The originality and usefulness of the SOC scale and its relation to other psychosocial measures has been the subject of lively debate. The aim of this paper was to test for associations between SOC and work-related psychosocial factors (mainly the Job Demand-Control model), general living conditions, education, and social network factors. Cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1782 rural males from nine counties in Sweden were analyzed with a multiple regression technique. The subjects were occupationally active at inclusion and the mean age was 50 years (range 40-60). SOC was assessed with the original 29-item questionnaire. Psychosocial variables and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires and structured interviews. The mean SOC among the subjects was 152.3 (standard deviation, 19.4). A strong negative correlation was found between SOC and job demand, whereas a positive correlation with job control was demonstrated. A positive correlation with general living conditions and with social support was also found. However, there was no correlation to education and occupation. Thus, SOC was shown to be strongly correlated to work-related psychosocial factors and social support, but independent of sociodemographic factors.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

scholarly journals Hematological Profile of HIV-Infected Patients on First-Line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Correlation With CD4 Count

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jospeh Diamond Princy ◽  
Kshetrimayum Birendra Singh ◽  
Ningthoujam Biplab ◽  
Ningthoukhongjam Reema ◽  
Rajesh Boini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a state of profound immunodeficiency. Disorders of hematopoietic system are a common but often overlooked complication of HIV infection. This can manifest at any stage of the disease but more commonly in the advanced stage with low CD4 count. Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality in HIV patients and prevalence ranges from 1.3 to 95%. As HIV disease progresses, the prevalence and severity of anemia also increase. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the hematological parameters of HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at different treatment durations with the hope to improve the HAART outcome in HIV patients and its correlation with CD4 count. Methods This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 134 HIV-infected patients admitted to or attending the OPD in the Department of Medicine or Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Center (Center of Excellence), Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, from 2018 to 2020. Complete hemogram, CD4 count, and other related-blood investigations were studied. Results The mean age of the study population was 39.9 ± 11.04 years. Of the 134 patients, 75 (56%) were males and 59 (44%) were females. Twelve (9%) patients had a history of injecting drug use (IDU). TLE (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) regimen was started on 112 (83.6%) patients and the majority of them (69/134 [51.5%]) had a CD4 count of 200 to 499 cells/mm3, which increased significantly 6 months after HAART to 99 to 1,149 cells/mm3, with a mean of 445 ± 217 cells/mm3. There were significant improvements in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) after HAART indicating a positive correlation with CD4 count (p < 0.05). Thrombocytopenia was observed higher after HAART when compared to baseline. There was a positive correlation between platelet count and CD4 count. However, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had a negative correlation with CD4 count. Conclusion The study inferred a strong positive correlation between CD4 and Hb levels, TLC, ANC, ALC, and platelet count after HAART with improvement in these values as CD4 count increases. Specific treatment intervention based on the changes in the immunohematological profile trends can help prevent most of the adverse effects on HIV patients in our community.

scholarly journals Groups and Individuals: Optical Flow Patterns of Broiler Chicken Flocks Are Correlated with the Behavior of Individual Birds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Sabine G. Gebhardt-Henrich ◽  
Ariane Stratmann ◽  
Marian Stamp Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean

Group level measures of welfare flocks have been criticized on the grounds that they give only average measures and overlook the welfare of individual animals. However, we here show that the group-level optical flow patterns made by broiler flocks can be used to deliver information not just about the flock averages but also about the proportion of individuals in different movement categories. Mean optical flow provides information about the average movement of the whole flock while the variance, skew and kurtosis quantify the variation between individuals. We correlated flock optical flow patterns with the behavior and welfare of a sample of 16 birds per flock in two runway tests and a water (latency-to-lie) test. In the runway tests, there was a positive correlation between the average time taken to complete the runway and the skew and kurtosis of optical flow on day 28 of flock life (on average slow individuals came from flocks with a high skew and kurtosis). In the water test, there was a positive correlation between the average length of time the birds remained standing and the mean and variance of flock optical flow (on average, the most mobile individuals came from flocks with the highest mean). Patterns at the flock level thus contain valuable information about the activity of different proportions of the individuals within a flock.

scholarly journals Combining Process Modelling and LAI Observations to Diagnose Winter Wheat Nitrogen Status and Forecast Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Andrew Revill ◽  
Vasileios Myrgiotis ◽  
Anna Florence ◽  
Stephen Hoad ◽  
Robert Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

Climate, nitrogen (N) and leaf area index (LAI) are key determinants of crop yield. N additions can enhance yield but must be managed efficiently to reduce pollution. Complex process models estimate N status by simulating soil-crop N interactions, but such models require extensive inputs that are seldom available. Through model-data fusion (MDF), we combine climate and LAI time-series with an intermediate-complexity model to infer leaf N and yield. The DALEC-Crop model was calibrated for wheat leaf N and yields across field experiments covering N applications ranging from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in Scotland, UK. Requiring daily meteorological inputs, this model simulates crop C cycle responses to LAI, N and climate. The model, which includes a leaf N-dilution function, was calibrated across N treatments based on LAI observations, and tested at validation plots. We showed that a single parameterization varying only in leaf N could simulate LAI development and yield across all treatments—the mean normalized root-mean-square-error (NRMSE) for yield was 10%. Leaf N was accurately retrieved by the model (NRMSE = 6%). Yield could also be reasonably estimated (NRMSE = 14%) if LAI data are available for assimilation during periods of typical N application (April and May). Our MDF approach generated robust leaf N content estimates and timely yield predictions that could complement existing agricultural technologies. Moreover, EO-derived LAI products at high spatial and temporal resolutions provides a means to apply our approach regionally. Testing yield predictions from this approach over agricultural fields is a critical next step to determine broader utility.

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