THE pH IN THE GUT AND BLOOD OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HTG.), AND OTHER INSECTS WITH REFERENCE TO THE PATHOGENICITY OF BACILLUS CEREUS FR. AND FR.

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Heimpel
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Optimum Activity ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Gut Ph

Regional pH measurements in the gut and the blood of 11 species of Hymenoptera and two of Lepidoptera were made. The larvae were examined in their later instars, after ecdysis, after starvation, or as mature larvae. The gut pH was found to change regionally during development and under these different conditions, but the blood pH tended to remain relatively unchanged. The pH in the gut and of the blood of the larch sawfly was found to be close to the optimum for good growth of B. cereus and was within the optimum activity range of the enzyme lecithinase in the anterior two thirds of the mid-gut and in the blood. This apparently holds for most of the sawfly species examined and for Carpocapsa pomonella, but not for those Lepidoptera examined herein.

A Strain of Bacillus cereus Fr. and Fr. Pathogenic for the Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Heimpel
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
The Mean

AbstractA strain of Bacillus cereus (Pr-1017) was isolated from dead and dying larvae of the larch sawfly. Laboratory and field feeding tests resulted in mortalities as high as 60 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively.A positive correlation between the incidence of mortality and the mean daily temperatures was obtained in the field experiments.

LECITHINASE PRODUCTION BY STRAINS OF BACILLUS CEREUS FR. AND FR. PATHOGENIC FOR THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HTG.)

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn J. Kushner ◽  
A. M. Heimpel
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Egg Lecithin ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Chemical Techniques

Strains of Bacillus cereus pathogenic for the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii, produce an enzyme that breaks down purified egg lecithin and the phospholipids of egg yolk and insect tissue. A study, using specific chemical techniques to measure lecithinase activity, of the relation between lecithinase production and pathogenicity supports an earlier postulate that lecithinase plays a role in the pathogenicity of B. cereus for the larch sawfly.

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MODE OF ACTION OF STRAINS OFBACILLUS CEREUSFR. AND FR. PATHOGENIC FOR THE LARCH SAWFLY,PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII(HTG.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Heimpel
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Histopathological Evidence

There is a significant correlation between the pathogenicity for the larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) of Bacillus cereus Fr. and Fr. strains and their respective abilities to produce lecithinase. Species of the genus Bacillus that are incapable of producing lecithinase are not pathogenic for the larch sawfly. Histopathological evidence of toxemia during the progress of B. cereus infection of the sawfly larvae is presented and it is noted that the tissue degeneration is not of the type usually associated with proteolytic or lipolytic activity. Finally, approximately three micrograms of a lecithinase preparation (containing. approximately 21 mouse LD50per milligram) was found to be the LD50for the fifth-instar larva of the larch sawfly. The main conclusion drawn from this evidence is that lecithinase plays an important role in the invasion and destruction of infected larch sawfly larvae.

scholarly journals A Buffer Standard for Blood pH Measurements

1962 ◽  
Vol 237 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-967
Author(s):  
S.J.G. Semple ◽  
G. Mattock ◽  
R. Uncles
Keyword(s):  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Blood Ph

Pristiphora erichsonii. [Distribution map].

1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenopt., Tenthredinoidea) (Larch Sawfly). Hosts: Larix spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Austria, Britain, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Sweden, ASIA (excl. USSR), Japan, USSR, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, U.S.A.

scholarly journals Partial purification and characterization of xylanase from Bacillus cereus X3

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1056-1061
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Optimum Activity ◽  
Biology Department ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Quantitative Screening

Three strain of Bacillus cereus were obtained from soil sours Laboratories of Biology Department/ College of Science/ University of Baghdad. The bacteria secreted extracellular xylanase in liquid cultur the test ability of xylanase production from these isolates was studied semi quantitative and quantitative screening appeared that Bacillus cereus X3 was the highest xylanase producer. The enzyme was partial purification 191 fold from cultur by reached step by 4 U/mg proteins by ammonium sulfat precipitation 80%, Ion exchang DEAE-cellulos chromatography Characterization study of the partial purifation enzyme revealed that the enzyme had a optimum activity pH8 and activity was stable in the pH rang (8-10) for 30min. maximal activity was attained at 50C

Estimation of Parasitism of Larch Sawfly Cocoons by Bessa harveyi Tnsd. in Survey Collections

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives ◽  
R. M. Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Forest Insect ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Insect Survey ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Total Parasitism

The Forest Insect Survey at the Forest Biology Laboratory, Winnipeg, has been compiling records for a number of years on the percentage of cocoons of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), parasitized by the tachinid Bessa harveyi Tnsd. Sawfly cocoons were collected each fall from the soil in infested stands, and those containing living larvae were dissected to determine the percentage of parasitism by B. harveyi. These estimates have been used to provide an index of parasitism (Lejeune and Hildahl, 1954), but are of limited value for a number of reasons: (1) estimates can be expressed only as percentage of sound cocoons parasitized; (2) total parasitism cannot be estimated because a portion of the parasites emerge from the cocoons before collection; and (3) estimates of parasitism may not be representative of the stand because there is a tendency to collect cocoons where they are easiest to find; hence all the cocoons in a collection may be from one or two small areas. If the proportion of cocoons containing B. harveyi varies within a stand such collections may give unreliable estimates of parasitism.

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