A Survey of Parasites of the Larch Sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig)) in Manitoba and Saskatchewan

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Lejeune ◽  
V. Hildahl
Keyword(s):  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Northeastern Alberta ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Principal Species

Records indicate that the present outbreak of the larch sawfly in Manitoba and Saskatchewan began about 1938 in the Spruce Woods-Riding Mountain area of Manitoba. Since then, it has spread in all directions where the principal host tree, larch, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, occurs. It now includes nearly all of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, northwestern Ontario, part of northeastern Alberta, and northern Minnesota. In 1944, an annual survey of parasites that attack larvae of the larch sawfly was begun by the Forest Biology Laboratory, Winnipeg. The purposes of the survey were to determine (a) the principal species of parasites, (b) their abundance and effectiveness, and (c) .host-parasite population trends.

Estimation of Parasitism of Larch Sawfly Cocoons by Bessa harveyi Tnsd. in Survey Collections

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives ◽  
R. M. Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Forest Insect ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Insect Survey ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Total Parasitism

The Forest Insect Survey at the Forest Biology Laboratory, Winnipeg, has been compiling records for a number of years on the percentage of cocoons of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), parasitized by the tachinid Bessa harveyi Tnsd. Sawfly cocoons were collected each fall from the soil in infested stands, and those containing living larvae were dissected to determine the percentage of parasitism by B. harveyi. These estimates have been used to provide an index of parasitism (Lejeune and Hildahl, 1954), but are of limited value for a number of reasons: (1) estimates can be expressed only as percentage of sound cocoons parasitized; (2) total parasitism cannot be estimated because a portion of the parasites emerge from the cocoons before collection; and (3) estimates of parasitism may not be representative of the stand because there is a tendency to collect cocoons where they are easiest to find; hence all the cocoons in a collection may be from one or two small areas. If the proportion of cocoons containing B. harveyi varies within a stand such collections may give unreliable estimates of parasitism.

The Assessment of Larch Sawfly Cocoon Predation by Small Mammals

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Adequate Method

Current investigations at the Forest Biology Laboratory, Winnipeg, are being directed towards the formulation of life tables for the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Lejeune, 1955). Because small mammal predation is a major factor in reducing cocoon populations of the sawfly (Buckner, 1953), an adequate method of assessing this source of mortality is desirable

scholarly journals Comparative Height Growth of Eastern Larch and Black Spruce in Northwestern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spruce Stands

Height growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined using standard stem analysis methods on trees from two sites in northwestern Ontario. The data were obtained from mixed larch-spruce stands which were relatively undisturbed. The larch exhibited substantially better height growth than the spruce through age 65.

History of the Larch Sawfly, with Notes on Origin and Biology,

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Coppel ◽  
K. Leius
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Forest Biology

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichronii (Htg.), is currently considered a major forest insect pest in Canada. At the present time within Canada, the sawfly reacts to parasitism by Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley in two ways. In Manitoba and Saslratchewan the sawfly encapsulates approximately 100 per cent of the parasite eggs deposited, whereas in British Columbia encapsulation rarely exceeds four per cent (Muldrew, 1953). The reasons for the difference in degree of encapsulation are apparently unknown; however, since the origin of the sawfly itself is obscure, the possibility exists that a native species, an introduced species, Or a combination of both may he present, or that geographical or ecological units may have arisen. Studies now under way by officers of the Forest Biology and Entomology divisions are attacking the problem of identity and origin following the pattern established for the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.). In this instance, as with the larch sawfly, parasites were introduced on the assumption that the pest had been introduced from Europe. Critical investigations by Reeks (1941) and Balch, Reeks, and Smith (1941), involving morphological, cytological, and other biological characters, showed that the species occurring in North America was one of two species common in Europe, and previously referred to there as Gilpinia polytoma (Htg.). Balch et al. (1941) showed that D. hercyniae had been introduced into North America.

VITAL DYES AS MARKERS FOR BEHAVIORAL AND POPULATION STUDIES OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Heron
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Vital Dyes ◽  
Flight Range ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Adult Dispersal ◽  
Dye Retention

AbstractLarvae of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), were fed foliage of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, treated with solutions of the vital dyes, Nile blue sulphate, rhodamine B, and coriphosphine O, to determine their suitability as markers. Coriphosphine O was highly toxic at the concentrations administered but successful tagging was obtained with the other two dyes. Optimal dye retention and survival were obtained when larvae were fed for 3 days early in the last stadium using Nile blue sulphate and throughout the last stadium using rhodamine B.Both dyes persisted throughout development and were incorporated in the cocoons and the oviposited eggs. They could be readily seen in all stages except for the cocoons and for eggs that contained rhodamine B. The dyes could be detected in cocoons by treating them with cold KOH followed by ethanol. The presence of rhodamine B in the eggs could be ascertained by its yellow fluorescence in ultraviolet.The dyes incorporated in the cocoons are relatively stable and laboratory tests indicate they probably can withstand weathering under normal field conditions over a 1-year period.The use of these dyes for internal marking should prove useful in studying adult dispersal and flight range and as a technique for use in population studies of the larch sawfly.

Artificially Disseminated Virus as a Factor Controlling the European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) in the Absence of Introduced Parasites

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird ◽  
J. M. Burk
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Insect Survey ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Disease Free

An outbreak of the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.), occurring in Eastern Canada between 1930 and 1942, was controlled by a virus disease (Balch and Bird, 1944). The sawfly has been kept at a low level by the disease and by parasitic insects introduced from Europe (Bird and Elgee, 1957).An infestation of the sawfly was discovered in 1947 near Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, by the Forest Insect Survey Section of the Forest Biology Laboratory at Sault Ste. Marie. This infestation was about 100 miles beyond the previously known western distribution of the insect. Intensive larval sampling in 1949 showed that it was free from virus and practically free from introduced parasites. Thus, an excellent opportunity was provided to introduce the virus into a disease-free population, to study its establishment and spread, and to compare the long term effects of virus alone on population trends with the effects that virus plus introduced parasites were shown to have on population trends in New Brunswick (Bird and Elgee, 1957). The virus was introduced into the infestation in 1950 and studies were carried out each year from 1950 to 1959.

Notes on the Juniper Berry Mite, Trisetacus quadrisetus (Thomas) (Acarina: Eriophyidae), in British Columbia

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 608-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. G. Morgan ◽  
A. F. Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Indian Reserve ◽  
Juniperus Scopulorum ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Infestation

The juniper berry mite, Trisetacus (Eriophyes) quadrisetus (Thomas), was unknown in Canada until 1956, when its occurrence was noted on Rocky Mountain juniper, Juniperus scopulorum Sarg., in the Tzouhalem Indian Reserve near Duncan on Vancouver Island, B.C.; it has not been found elsewhere in the Province (Fig. 1). Material was first submitted to the authors by Mr. W. G. Ziller, Forest Biology Laboratory, Victoria, B.C. Each year almost the entire crop of berries on the only two trees in the area is destroyed by the mite; these trees are 30 and 50 feet high. In 1956 and 1957, no normal berries were observed. In 1959, only four healthy berries were found amongst 715 examined from the two trees. Such a heavy infestation indicates that seed production by these trees was practically eliminated since feeding by the mite destroys the seed.

Tree-ring evidence of larch sawfly outbreaks in western Labrador, Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1542-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Nishimura ◽  
Colin P. Laroque
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatio Temporal

As many insect outbreak reconstructions are typically based on targeted single-site sampling, researchers have often been limited in their ability to draw conclusions about regional trends as opposed to local trends in the data. The results of this paper demonstrate the value of a systematic sampling design when studying spatio-temporal processes that can vary greatly within large continuous areas of forest. Many single-site research programs have been conducted to reconstruct the history of larch sawfly ( Pristiphora erichsonii Htg.) outbreaks in the eastern boreal region of North America. However, no such research has yet been conducted in the region of Labrador. In an attempt to illustrate the strength of a systematic gridded sampling protocol over a single-site study, we sampled a 12-site grid in western Labrador. Dominant and codominant species were sampled at each grid point, resulting in 24 master chronologies. Six eastern larch ( Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) chronologies (host) and a regional black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenb.) chronology (nonhost) were used to establish a host–nonhost analysis of past sawfly outbreaks on a regional scale. Both regional and localized larch sawfly outbreaks were identified, but in general, larch sawfly outbreaks in western Labrador appeared to be spatially synchronous and regional in scale.

Notes on Matsucoccus macrocicatrices Richards (Homoptera: Margarodidae) and its Association with Septobasidium pinicola Snell in Eastern Canada

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Watson ◽  
G. R. Underwood ◽  
J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insects ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Three known species of scale insects belonging to the genus Matsucoccus occur on pine trees in northeastern North America: M. gallicolis Morr., on pitch pine, Pinus rigida Mill., and scrub pine, Pinus virginiana Mill. (Parr, 1939); M. resinosae Bean and Godwin on red pine, P. resinosa Ait. (Bean and Godwin, 1955); and M. macrocicatrices Richards on eastern white pine, P. strobus L. (Richards, 1960). This last species. in contrast with the others, is closely associated with the fungus Septobasidium pinicola Snell. From 1957 to 1959 personnel of the Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, and the Forest Biology Laboratory, Fredericton, collected some 500 specimens from 21 areas in Ontario and the Maritime Provinces. These collections, augmented by herbarium specimens provided by the Forest Pathology Laboratory, Maple, from five other areas in Ontario, not only the insect specimens necessary for the dercription of the species, but information on its biology and distribution.

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