Notes on Matsucoccus macrocicatrices Richards (Homoptera: Margarodidae) and its Association with Septobasidium pinicola Snell in Eastern Canada

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Watson ◽  
G. R. Underwood ◽  
J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insects ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Pinus Rigida ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Three known species of scale insects belonging to the genus Matsucoccus occur on pine trees in northeastern North America: M. gallicolis Morr., on pitch pine, Pinus rigida Mill., and scrub pine, Pinus virginiana Mill. (Parr, 1939); M. resinosae Bean and Godwin on red pine, P. resinosa Ait. (Bean and Godwin, 1955); and M. macrocicatrices Richards on eastern white pine, P. strobus L. (Richards, 1960). This last species. in contrast with the others, is closely associated with the fungus Septobasidium pinicola Snell. From 1957 to 1959 personnel of the Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, and the Forest Biology Laboratory, Fredericton, collected some 500 specimens from 21 areas in Ontario and the Maritime Provinces. These collections, augmented by herbarium specimens provided by the Forest Pathology Laboratory, Maple, from five other areas in Ontario, not only the insect specimens necessary for the dercription of the species, but information on its biology and distribution.

Artificially Disseminated Virus as a Factor Controlling the European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) in the Absence of Introduced Parasites

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird ◽  
J. M. Burk
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Insect Survey ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Disease Free

An outbreak of the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.), occurring in Eastern Canada between 1930 and 1942, was controlled by a virus disease (Balch and Bird, 1944). The sawfly has been kept at a low level by the disease and by parasitic insects introduced from Europe (Bird and Elgee, 1957).An infestation of the sawfly was discovered in 1947 near Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, by the Forest Insect Survey Section of the Forest Biology Laboratory at Sault Ste. Marie. This infestation was about 100 miles beyond the previously known western distribution of the insect. Intensive larval sampling in 1949 showed that it was free from virus and practically free from introduced parasites. Thus, an excellent opportunity was provided to introduce the virus into a disease-free population, to study its establishment and spread, and to compare the long term effects of virus alone on population trends with the effects that virus plus introduced parasites were shown to have on population trends in New Brunswick (Bird and Elgee, 1957). The virus was introduced into the infestation in 1950 and studies were carried out each year from 1950 to 1959.

Two New Species of the Genus Hyperaspis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
W. Y. Watson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Among the more important predacious coccinellids in eastern North America is Hyperaspis binotata auct., which has been considered a general feeder on Toumeyella numismaticum (P. & M.), Pulvinaria spp., and other scale insects. A review of the specimens identified as H. binotata in the collections of the Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, has revealed, not only H. binotata (Say), but two apparently new species, descriptions of which are given in this paper. In addition to the material at Sault Ste. Marie, specimens were obtained from the Canadian National Collection and the Forest Biology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

scholarly journals Status of the European race of Scleroderris canker in Canada

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Laflamme ◽  
A. A. Hopkin ◽  
K. J. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
European Race ◽  
Avalon Peninsula ◽  
The Eu

The European (EU) race of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet, the causal agent of scleroderris canker of conifers, is a damaging pathogen in pine forests. In North America, this disease is found in the northeastern United States and in eastern Canada. Results from surveys conducted across Canada since 1979 are updating us on where this disease is found. In Newfoundland, only the EU race has been recorded and it is restricted to the Avalon Peninsula Contrary to earlier reports in the Maritime provinces, only one pine plantation is infected by the EU race in New Brunswick. In Ontario, a total of 171 plantations are infected and they are clustered in the central portion of the southern part of the province. The number of plantations infected by the EU race in Quebec is the highest in Canada with 749 plantations. In the four provinces, the most infected species is red pine (86% of the infected plantations), followed by two exotic species, Scots pine (9.5%) and Austrian pine (3.2%). White pine and jack pine show resistance to the disease. Key words: Brunchorstia pinea, Pinus resinosa, reforestation, Scleroderris lagerbergii

Estimation of Parasitism of Larch Sawfly Cocoons by Bessa harveyi Tnsd. in Survey Collections

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives ◽  
R. M. Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Forest Insect ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Insect Survey ◽  
Forest Biology ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Total Parasitism

The Forest Insect Survey at the Forest Biology Laboratory, Winnipeg, has been compiling records for a number of years on the percentage of cocoons of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), parasitized by the tachinid Bessa harveyi Tnsd. Sawfly cocoons were collected each fall from the soil in infested stands, and those containing living larvae were dissected to determine the percentage of parasitism by B. harveyi. These estimates have been used to provide an index of parasitism (Lejeune and Hildahl, 1954), but are of limited value for a number of reasons: (1) estimates can be expressed only as percentage of sound cocoons parasitized; (2) total parasitism cannot be estimated because a portion of the parasites emerge from the cocoons before collection; and (3) estimates of parasitism may not be representative of the stand because there is a tendency to collect cocoons where they are easiest to find; hence all the cocoons in a collection may be from one or two small areas. If the proportion of cocoons containing B. harveyi varies within a stand such collections may give unreliable estimates of parasitism.

THE FUTURE OF BIRCH FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF DISEASES AND INSECTS

1957 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Intensive Silviculture ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer

Yellow birch was once the most important species of hardwood in Eastern Canada. During the last 20 to 25 years, "birch dieback" has caused losses in the three Maritime Provinces estimated at 2,400 million cu. ft. A considerable number of species of insects feed normally on birch foliage, but none was found responsible for the disease. The bronze birch borer played a very important role in that its presence may have determined whether a tree succumbed to or recovered from decline. No fungi or bacteria found on twigs, leaves or roots were virulent enough to be considered the cause. No permanent or temporary stoppages were found in water-conducting tissues and occurrence of dieback has not been related to drought. Slight increases in soil temperature caused mortality of rootlets, which resulted in bare twigs, and small, slightly curled and chlorotic foliage. Several symptoms characteristic of virus diseases are being investigated. It is predicted that birch will form a substantial component of future forest stands, but high-grade products will be obtained only through application of intensive silviculture. Some recommended treatments are given.

Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) on Apple in Eastern North America with Notes on Other Species Occurring on Rosaceae

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1442-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stultz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA spotted tentiform leaf miner, often present during recent years in large numbers in apple orchards in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, is identified as Lithocolletis blancardella Fabr., a species common on apples in Europe. Recent collecting indicates that the species occurs widely in Eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. Diagnostic characters, especially those of the male genitalia, are compared with those of specimens identified as L. crataegella Clem. and L. propinquinella Braun, two similar species which commonly occur on apple and black cherry respectively.

scholarly journals Understory prescribed burning in red pine and white pine

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. McRae ◽  
Timothy J. Lynham ◽  
Robert J. Frech
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

The alarming loss of forested areas containing red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in eastern Canada is a situation that must be addressed promptly by changing management approaches. Since the ecological role of fire in the regeneration and perpetuation of these pines is well known, it makes sense to use fire to maintain pine ecosystems through forest management that uses an understory prescribed burn program. Fears of fire escape and a poor knowledge of applying fire correctly to these ecosystems are the result of poor training in the use of prescribed fire, which normally concentrates solely on post-harvest slash sites; this has prevented extensive use of understory prescribed burning in the past. However, research in Canada, principally using the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) System coupled with the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System, allows forest managers to develop burning prescriptions that are safe and economical while meeting objectives for seedbed preparation, natural seeding and control of competing vegetation. Key words: crown scorching, eastern white pine, fire, natural regeneration, red pine, seedbed preparation, understory prescribed burning, vegetation control.

HAIL DAMAGE TO WHITE PINE AND OTHER TREES

1962 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Linzon
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Forested Area ◽  
Hail Damage ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Further Development

A hailstorm which occurred in an accessible forested area on June 25, 1954, was studied for its immediate and subsequent effects upon trees growing in the area. Considerable mortality of branch extremities and severe stem and branch lesions occurred initially on these trees. Height and diameter measurements taken in 1955 and again in 1959 revealed a slight reduction in growth of white pine trees in the hail zone when compared to the growth of non-affected trees. Several fungi which were encountered in stems and branches of various tree species apparently gained entrance to the trees via the primary hail lesions. With healing of the wounds, it was noted that little or no further development took place in underlying stained pockets of wood. In addition, many of these discolored pockets buried beneath healed lesions were found to be sterile. There appeared to be few, if any, permanent effects on trees originally wounded during a violent hailstorm.

Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime Provinces, 8: Gastrophysa polygoni Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2047 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENT LESAGE ◽  
CHRISTOPHER G. MAJKA
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The 19Th Century

The taxonomy, nomenclature, identification, introduction history, biology (reproduction, phenology, parasites, predators, host plants), biocontrol potential, susceptibility to pesticides, and economic importance of Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus) in North America are reviewed. This information is part of continuing surveys and research on the adventive leaf beetles of Canada with particular reference to the Maritime Provinces. Known provincial records are confirmed and new locality records are reported for the widely distributed G. polygoni. The introduction timelines and dispersal of the beetle in North America are discussed. Clearly G. polygoni must have been established early in the settlement of North America because reports from the first half of the 19th century already indicated that the species was widely established and common in many locations in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Gastrophysa polygoni is beneficial when it feeds on weeds such as Polygonum spp, Fallopia spp, or Rumex spp. It can be a minor pest of cultivated buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.)

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