AERIAL APPLICATION OF TWO BACULOVIRUSES AGAINST THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Otvos ◽  
J.C. Cunningham ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

AbstractTwo viruses, one a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the other a granulosis virus, were applied in an attempt to initiate epizootics in populations of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, on Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, in southeastern British Columbia. Two 172-ha plots were aerially treated in 1982 with 9.0 kg of lyophilized, virus-infected larval powder that was formulated in an emulsifiable oil tank mix and applied at 9.4 L per hectare. Each plot was treated when larval populations were at the peak of the fourth instar. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was applied at 5.4 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies per hectare and the granulosis virus at 1.7 × 1014 capsules per hectare. Results showed that the granulosis virus treatment caused 34.6% population reduction (Abbott’s formula) and the nuclear polyhedrosis virus 51.8%. Larvae from treated and check plots were reared individually in the laboratory and the incidence of viruses, parasitoids, and successful adult emergence was recorded. Studies m these plots continued in 1983 and 1984. Although vertical transmission of both viruses was evident, their impact on budworm mortality was less than in 1982. Consequently, the epizootics were not sufficiently intense to control the target insect population.

YIELD OF OCCLUSION BODIES FROM SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), LARVAE INFECTED WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Economical Alternative

The eastern spruce budwonn, Choristoneuva fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is subject to a variety of naturally occurring infectious diseases including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), granulosis virus (GV), cytoplasmic virus (CPV), and entomopox virus (EPV), of which the most intensively studied is NPV (CfMNPV) (Cunningham 1985). If CfMNPV is ever to be deemed an effective and economical alternative to chemical pesticides for spruce budworm control, additional research is required.

Dissemination of Viruses Against the Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs ◽  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Made In

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), is susceptible to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and to a granulosis virus which may occur as single infections (Bergold 1950, 1951) or as double infections (Bird, 1959). Laboratory studies have shown that relatively heavy concentrations of either virus musr be injected or fed to hudworm larvae to cause infection and death. In one quantitative study Bergold (1951) estimated that the intralymphal LD50 of the polyhedrosis virus for the budworm is about 5000 times that for the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., when each is administered to its natural host. Field tests of the viruses were made in 1959 and 1960 to determine whether infection and mortality would result from spraying suspensions in infested forests.

AERIAL APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS AGAINST DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (McDUNNOUGH) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): I. IMPACT IN THE YEAR OF APPLICATION

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Otvos ◽  
J.C. Cunningham ◽  
L.M. Friskie
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Tussock Moth ◽  
Orgyia Pseudotsugata ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

AbstractFour 10-ha plots located in Kamloops Forest District, British Columbia, containing Douglas-fir trees infested with Douglas-fir tussock moth were aerially sprayed with nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Virtuss) in 1982 when most larvae were in the first instar. A dosage of 2.5 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per hectare was applied in an emulsifiable oil tank mix to one plot and the same dosage in an aqueous tank mix containing molasses was applied to a second plot. The remaining two plots were treated with dosages of 8.3 × 1010 and 1.6 × 1010 PIB per hectare, respectively, in the oil mix. The treatments were applied with a fixed-wing aircraft fitted with boom and nozzle equipment and calibrated to deliver 9.4 L/ha. A further four plots were selected as checks.Population reduction at 6 weeks post-spray (calculated using a modified Abbott’s formula) was 65% in the plot receiving the lowest dosage and from 87 to 95% in the remaining three plots. Incidence of virus infection, determined microscopically, peaked at 5–6 weeks post-spray with 85–100% of the larvae scored as positive. Levels of naturally occurring virus remained low in the check plots. Adult emergence from the pupae collected in the treated plots ranged from 4 to 19% and from 28 to 43% in the check plots. Reduction in egg-mass density attributed to the treatments was 97% in one plot, 99% in two others, and not determined for the fourth.A virus dosage of 8.3 × 1010 PIB per hectare, which is one-third of the previously recommended dosage, is adequate, and either tank mix is acceptable.

EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ON WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) 1 AND 2 YEARS AFTER AERIAL APPLICATION

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Shepherd ◽  
T. G. Gray ◽  
J. C. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

An understanding of all environmental effects resulting from control actions is important in the selection of a method of managing insect populations. Effects may extend beyond the year of treatment and can modify management decisions. In 1978, a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (B.t.) were tested as aerial spray applications against the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, on Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, near Cache Creek, British Columbia. The impact on population densities and on the incidence of NPV was measured in the treated and non-treated areas for 2 vears following the year of application, and is reported here.

APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS TO CONTROL BRUCE SPANWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives ◽  
J. C. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

A polyhedrosis virus was found in collections of Bruce spanworm, Operophtera bruceata (Hulst), larvae from two locations in British Columbia in 1957 (O. N. Morris, pers. comm.). Bruce spanworm was prevalent in the Maritime Provinces and Quebec in 1963 and 1964 and a polyhedrosis virus was credited with terminating this outbreak (Forbes et al. 1964, 1965; Martineau 1964, 1965). A detailed examination of the virus from Quebec showed that it was a singly-embedded (unicapsid) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Smirnoff 1964) which is classified as Baculovirus subgroup A (Matthews 1979).

Infection of the Jack Pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, with a Nuclear Polyhidrosis Virus of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 906-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus has been isolated from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Bergold, 1949; Bird, 1949; Bergold, 1951; Bird and Whalen, 1954; Bird, 1959), but no similar virus has been recovered from the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman. Since these two species are very closely related (Smith, 1953) it was of interest to determine if C. pinus is susceptible to the C. fumiferana virus.

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