Optical Brighteners Enhance Activity of a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Against Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Li ◽  
I. S. Otvos
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Optical Brighteners ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Enhance Activity

AERIAL APPLICATION OF TWO BACULOVIRUSES AGAINST THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Otvos ◽  
J.C. Cunningham ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

AbstractTwo viruses, one a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the other a granulosis virus, were applied in an attempt to initiate epizootics in populations of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, on Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, in southeastern British Columbia. Two 172-ha plots were aerially treated in 1982 with 9.0 kg of lyophilized, virus-infected larval powder that was formulated in an emulsifiable oil tank mix and applied at 9.4 L per hectare. Each plot was treated when larval populations were at the peak of the fourth instar. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was applied at 5.4 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies per hectare and the granulosis virus at 1.7 × 1014 capsules per hectare. Results showed that the granulosis virus treatment caused 34.6% population reduction (Abbott’s formula) and the nuclear polyhedrosis virus 51.8%. Larvae from treated and check plots were reared individually in the laboratory and the incidence of viruses, parasitoids, and successful adult emergence was recorded. Studies m these plots continued in 1983 and 1984. Although vertical transmission of both viruses was evident, their impact on budworm mortality was less than in 1982. Consequently, the epizootics were not sufficiently intense to control the target insect population.

EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ON WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) 1 AND 2 YEARS AFTER AERIAL APPLICATION

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Shepherd ◽  
T. G. Gray ◽  
J. C. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

An understanding of all environmental effects resulting from control actions is important in the selection of a method of managing insect populations. Effects may extend beyond the year of treatment and can modify management decisions. In 1978, a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (B.t.) were tested as aerial spray applications against the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, on Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, near Cache Creek, British Columbia. The impact on population densities and on the incidence of NPV was measured in the treated and non-treated areas for 2 vears following the year of application, and is reported here.

Infection of the Jack Pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, with a Nuclear Polyhidrosis Virus of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 906-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus has been isolated from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Bergold, 1949; Bird, 1949; Bergold, 1951; Bird and Whalen, 1954; Bird, 1959), but no similar virus has been recovered from the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman. Since these two species are very closely related (Smith, 1953) it was of interest to determine if C. pinus is susceptible to the C. fumiferana virus.

YIELD OF OCCLUSION BODIES FROM SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), LARVAE INFECTED WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Economical Alternative

The eastern spruce budwonn, Choristoneuva fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is subject to a variety of naturally occurring infectious diseases including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), granulosis virus (GV), cytoplasmic virus (CPV), and entomopox virus (EPV), of which the most intensively studied is NPV (CfMNPV) (Cunningham 1985). If CfMNPV is ever to be deemed an effective and economical alternative to chemical pesticides for spruce budworm control, additional research is required.

RESPONSE OF THIRD-, FOURTH-, FIFTH-, AND SIXTH-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.), LARVAE TO NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Kaupp ◽  
P.M. Ebling
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Feeding Techniques

Four different types of insect viruses have been isolated from the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), but most research efforts have been concentrated on developing the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) as a viable control agent (Cunningham 1985). There are no published reports of LD50 values for this important forest pest. Recently, a LC50 of 483 viral polyhedra per square millimetre of diet surface for fifth-instar budworm larvae was determined using surface contamination feeding techniques (Cunningham et al. 1983). Because the dosages used in efficacy trials are derived from laboratory LD50 values, experiments were conducted to determine the virulence of this NPV to eastern spruce budworm. Bioassays were conducted with all feeding instars. Reported here are values for the LD50 dosages for third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar spruce budworm larvae.

Dissemination of Viruses Against the Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs ◽  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Made In

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), is susceptible to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and to a granulosis virus which may occur as single infections (Bergold 1950, 1951) or as double infections (Bird, 1959). Laboratory studies have shown that relatively heavy concentrations of either virus musr be injected or fed to hudworm larvae to cause infection and death. In one quantitative study Bergold (1951) estimated that the intralymphal LD50 of the polyhedrosis virus for the budworm is about 5000 times that for the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., when each is administered to its natural host. Field tests of the viruses were made in 1959 and 1960 to determine whether infection and mortality would result from spraying suspensions in infested forests.

Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda and Choristoneura fumiferana cell lines with the baculovirus Choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 932-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jian Liu ◽  
Eric B. Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Extracellular Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Alfalfa Looper

The growth properties of cell lines derived from Spodoptera frugiperda (alfalfa looper) and Choristoneura fumiferana (spruce budworm) were investigated. The data demonstrated that the spruce bud worm cell line grew more slowly than the alfalfa looper cell line, and this reduced growth rate appeared to affect the rate of baculovirus replication in infected cells. Trypsinizing the spruce budworm cells or varying the multiplicity of infection did not greatly influence the rate of viral replication. Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was able to replicate its DNA and synthesize late and very late proteins in both cell lines but did not produce infectious extracellular virus in the spruce budworm cell line. The replication cycle of C. fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus did not produce late proteins or infectious extracellular virus in the alfalfa looper cells. The results indicate that S. frugiperda cells are nonpermissive for the C. fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus but C. fumiferana cells are semipermissive for the A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, resulting in an abortive infection.Key words: baculovirus, host specificity, AcMNPV, CfMNPV, spruce budworm.

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