CEUTORHYNCHUS LITURA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): BIOLOGY AND FIRST RELEASES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE) IN ONTARIO, CANADA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
R. W. Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

AbstractCeutorhynchus litura (F.) laid an average of 123 eggs per female. Development from egg to adult took about 6 weeks at room temperature, followed by an obligatory diapause of 3–4 months. In laboratory rearings a maximum of only an 8-fold increase over the original breeding stock was achieved in one generation. The weevil was released against the weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) near Belleville, Ont., in 1967. Near the centre of the release site on about 400 m2, thistle shoots have decreased to 4% of their former density of about 3–7 shoots per 0.25 m2. Circumstantial evidence indicates that the weevil aided in the spread of thistle rust Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Rohl.

Some dynamics of spread and infection by aeciospores of Puccinia punctiformis, a biological control pathogen of Cirsium arvense

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Berner ◽  
E.L. Smallwood ◽  
M. Vanrenterghem ◽  
C.A. Cavin ◽  
J.L. Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

RELEASES OF ALTICA CARDUORUM (CHRYSOMELIDAE: COLEOPTERA) AGAINST THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE) IN CANADA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Peschken ◽  
H. A. Friesen ◽  
N. V. Tonks ◽  
F. L. Banham
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Different Climates ◽  
Open Fields

AbstractThe flea beetle Altica carduorum Guer. was released in four provinces in Canada to aid in the control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, but did not survive in open fields with the exception of a small colony at Lacombe, Alta. It thrived, however, at four locations in different climates when protected by field cages. The mortality of the eggs and(or) the larvae reached 91%, that of the overwintering adults 83%. The mortality of the immature stages was apparently mainly due to predation and at a release site near Belleville Leptus sp. near curtipes Schweizer and Sphaerolophus sp. (Erythraeidae: Acarina) were implicated in tests with A. carduorum eggs labelled with P32. Field and laboratory experiments showed that dry continental summers, such as occur at Summerland, B.C., and Lacombe, Alta., were probably not detrimental to either egg development or pupation.

BIOCONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE): RELEASES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF CEUTORHYNCHUS LITURA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN CANADA

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
A. T. S. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Good Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Noticeable Reduction ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

AbstractCeutorhynchus litura (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is established since 1967 in Ontario, and is increasing slowly on nine release sites in five provinces. The weevil is not a good control agent because its reproductive capacity does not compensate for losses inflicted by cultivation and the stress resulting from larval mining is so light that it produces no noticeable reduction in the vigour of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). In contrast to earlier findings, it is doubtful that C. litura aids in the spread of the rust Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Rohl. Further stress factors from other insects or pathogens are needed to control this vigorous weed.

HOST SPECIFICITY AND SUITABILITY OF LEMA CYANELLA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Peschken ◽  
G.R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractThe host specificity of Lema cyanella (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its suitability as a biological control agent were investigated. The females lay an average of 1564 eggs and development from egg to adult takes 17.6 days at 25°C during the day and 20°C during the night (average about 23°C). Feeding of adults and larvae is confined to Cirsium, Carduus, and Silybum species, and according to literature records, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. is the main host. No economic plants are attacked. A colony of field collected beetles imported from Germany was infected with a Nosema disease. It is recommended that disease free L. cyanella should be released against the weed C. arvense in North America.

Effect of Bud vs Rosette Growth Stage on Translocation of14C-Glyphosate in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Basal Portion

The effect of photoperiod and growth stage on translocation of14C-glyphosate was compared in Canada thistle plants at the bud and rosette stage of growth. Canada thistle plants grown under controlled environment conditions with a 10 h photoperiod remained as low growing rosettes and developed a mature root system. When the photoperiod for half of these plants was increased to 16 h, stem elongation occurred and flowering was initiated. Growth stage at the time of application affected the distribution of14C-glyphosate within the elongated shoot and between the shoot and root. The shoot tissue of the bud stage plants contained 25.9% of the14C-glyphosate recovered, while the rosette plants contained only 3.6%; a seven-fold difference.14C-glyphosate was applied to leaves 19 and 20, which corresponded to the mid-point of the elongated stem of the bud-stage plants. In the bud-stage plants,14C-glyphosate moved preferentially into the apical portion of the stem, with three to four times as much in the apical portion of the elongated stem as in the basal portion. In the roots, the effect of growth stage on distribution of14C-glyphosate was reversed, application at the rosette stage resulted in a four-fold increase in the amount of14C-glyphosate in the root. When applied in the rosette stage, 19.1% of the14C-glyphosate detected was in the root compared to only 4.9% when applied at the bud stage. Although the root of the rosette plants was larger than in bud-stage plants, the concentration of14C-glyphosate in the root tissue of the rosette plants was three times greater. Photoperiod indirectly affected the distribution of14C-glyphosate in Canada thistle by its effect on growth.

Successful establishment of epiphytotics of Puccinia punctiformis for biological control of Cirsium arvense

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Berner ◽  
Emily Smallwood ◽  
Craig Cavin ◽  
Anastasia Lagopodi ◽  
Javid Kashefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

HOST SPECIFICITY OF TINGIS AMPLIATA (TINGIDAE: HETEROPTERA): A CANDIDATE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Cynara Scolymus

AbstractThe only confirmed host plant of Tingis ampliata H.-S. (Tingidae: Heteroptera) is Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). For this and other reasons, T. ampliata appeared to be a promising biocontrol agent for use in Canada. However, in the laboratory, T. ampliata developed fertile eggs while feeding on the two economic plants globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), and nymphs developed to adults on globe artichoke. Therefore, T. ampliata should not be released in Canada.

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