BIOCONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE): RELEASES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF CEUTORHYNCHUS LITURA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN CANADA

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
A. T. S. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Good Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Noticeable Reduction ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

AbstractCeutorhynchus litura (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is established since 1967 in Ontario, and is increasing slowly on nine release sites in five provinces. The weevil is not a good control agent because its reproductive capacity does not compensate for losses inflicted by cultivation and the stress resulting from larval mining is so light that it produces no noticeable reduction in the vigour of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). In contrast to earlier findings, it is doubtful that C. litura aids in the spread of the rust Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Rohl. Further stress factors from other insects or pathogens are needed to control this vigorous weed.

CEUTORHYNCHUS LITURA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): BIOLOGY AND FIRST RELEASES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE) IN ONTARIO, CANADA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
R. W. Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

AbstractCeutorhynchus litura (F.) laid an average of 123 eggs per female. Development from egg to adult took about 6 weeks at room temperature, followed by an obligatory diapause of 3–4 months. In laboratory rearings a maximum of only an 8-fold increase over the original breeding stock was achieved in one generation. The weevil was released against the weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) near Belleville, Ont., in 1967. Near the centre of the release site on about 400 m2, thistle shoots have decreased to 4% of their former density of about 3–7 shoots per 0.25 m2. Circumstantial evidence indicates that the weevil aided in the spread of thistle rust Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Rohl.

HOST SPECIFICITY AND SUITABILITY OF LEMA CYANELLA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Peschken ◽  
G.R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractThe host specificity of Lema cyanella (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its suitability as a biological control agent were investigated. The females lay an average of 1564 eggs and development from egg to adult takes 17.6 days at 25°C during the day and 20°C during the night (average about 23°C). Feeding of adults and larvae is confined to Cirsium, Carduus, and Silybum species, and according to literature records, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. is the main host. No economic plants are attacked. A colony of field collected beetles imported from Germany was infected with a Nosema disease. It is recommended that disease free L. cyanella should be released against the weed C. arvense in North America.

HOST SPECIFICITY AND BIOLOGY OF UROPHORA CARDUI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE). A BIOCONTROL AGENT FOR CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Further Development

AbstractThe biology of Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its suitability as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) were investigated. The incubation period of the eggs was 4.3 days at 27 °C. Crowding did not significantly reduce the longevity of the adults, the number of eggs laid, or the egg hatch. U. cardui overwinters as a mature larva in the gall but pupation and further development ensue when the larvae are exposed to air by opening the gall. The roots of single and double-galled plants weighed 65 and 78% less and the combined weights of the stem and leaves 47 and 58% less respectively than plants without galls. U. cardui is monophagous: it oviposits into Canada thistle and if kept without this host, into the closely related weeds Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. and Carduus acanthoides L. U. cardui is a promising biological control agent and should be released in Canada.Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) is a widespread noxious weed in Canada and the northern United States. This paper reports on the biology of Urophora cardui (L.), a European tephritid, and its suitability for introduction into Canada to aid in the control of the thistle.

Resistance of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Ecotypes to a Rust Pathogen (Puccinia obtegens)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry K. Turner ◽  
Peter K. Fay ◽  
Eugene L. Sharp ◽  
David C. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Infection Types

Puccinia obtegens(Link) Tul., an autoecious rust pathogen, is a potential biological control agent of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.]. Ten ecotypes of Canada thistle were inoculated with uredospores ofP. obtegensand sporulation was observed on all ecotypes. Infection types varied among and within ecotypes, indicating that host-resistance is one factor limiting rust infection. No correlation was found between Canada thistle susceptibility to the rust and host plant ecotype classification, stomatal density, amount of leaf pubescence, or spore germinability on leaf surfaces.

Puccinia punctiformisAffects Growth and Reproduction of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary F. Thomas ◽  
Thomas J. Tworkoski ◽  
Richard C. French ◽  
Gerald R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

In growth chamber research, infection byPuccinia punctiformis, a rust fungus, reduced flowering and vegetative reproduction in Canada thistle. Disease symptoms were greatest when Canada thistle roots were stored at 5, 10, or 15 C following inoculation. Exposure of roots to different temperatures before inoculation did not affect disease. All Canada thistle clones tested, regardless of gender became diseased although there were differences in susceptibility toP. punctiformis.

Field Trials of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to Control Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Brosten ◽  
David C. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root System ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Canada Thistle

An isolate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary collected from a Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. # CIRAR] plant in Montana proved pathogenic on Canada thistle in field trials. In addition to attacking the thistle crown and causing wilting and death of the shoots, S. sclerotiorum also infected the root system. The high percentage of thistle shoot kill (20 to 80%) after treatment, and subsequent reduction in plant thistle density the following year, demonstrated the potential of S. sclerotiorum as a biological control agent for Canada thistle in Montana.

scholarly journals Insect-Transmitted Urediniospores of the Rust Puccinia punctiformis Cause Systemic Infections in Established Cirsium arvense Plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wandeler ◽  
S. Bacher
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Spore Type ◽  
Current Belief ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Root Buds ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

The rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis has potential as a biological control agent for creeping thistle Cirsium arvense, because systemically infected shoots usually die before flowering. The mechanism of rust transfer as well as the spore type responsible for systemic infections have been a source of controversy. One possibility of successful transmission is the use of the weevil Ceratapion onopordi as a vector. Our results from a garden experiment show that urediniospores transmitted by the weevil are able to induce systemic infections in established thistle clones. Furthermore, the weevil origin and the date of rust treatment significantly influenced the number of rust-infected shoots. The earlier a shoot was treated, the higher the probability of rust transmission. These results challenge the current belief that teliospores passing through the soil and infecting root buds are the major cause of systemic infections in the field. Further research on biological control of creeping thistle should therefore concentrate on the application of urediniospores to enhance systemic rust infections.

scholarly journals Distribution of Puccinia punctiformis in above-ground tissue of Cirsium arvense (Californian thistle)

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Henderson ◽  
Michael Cripps ◽  
Seona Casonato
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Californian Thistle ◽  
Single Time Point ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

Cirsium arvense (Californian thistle) is a problematic weed in agricultural systems throughout New Zealand and the rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis is a potential biological control agent for this weed. Puccinia punctiformis can systemically infect thistles but the movement of the pathogen in planta is not fully understood. This research determined the level of infection in planta caused by P. punctiformis at a single time point. The concentration of P. punctiformis DNA in planta was determined to ascertain the location of the fungus within naturally field-infected C. arvense. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was undertaken on above-ground symptomatic and asymptomatic C. arvense tissue at various locations within leaves (top, middle and bottom) and the main stem. All C. arvense shoots had detectable amounts of P. punctiformis but the concentration was 100× greater in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic shoots. In general, the concentration of fungus progressed up the leaves with a significant effect between locations (P<0.001). Puccinia punctiformis was found in planta but broadscale disease of C. arvense does not occur and the reason for this is unknown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document