RELEASES OF ALTICA CARDUORUM (CHRYSOMELIDAE: COLEOPTERA) AGAINST THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE) IN CANADA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Peschken ◽  
H. A. Friesen ◽  
N. V. Tonks ◽  
F. L. Banham
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Different Climates ◽  
Open Fields

AbstractThe flea beetle Altica carduorum Guer. was released in four provinces in Canada to aid in the control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, but did not survive in open fields with the exception of a small colony at Lacombe, Alta. It thrived, however, at four locations in different climates when protected by field cages. The mortality of the eggs and(or) the larvae reached 91%, that of the overwintering adults 83%. The mortality of the immature stages was apparently mainly due to predation and at a release site near Belleville Leptus sp. near curtipes Schweizer and Sphaerolophus sp. (Erythraeidae: Acarina) were implicated in tests with A. carduorum eggs labelled with P32. Field and laboratory experiments showed that dry continental summers, such as occur at Summerland, B.C., and Lacombe, Alta., were probably not detrimental to either egg development or pupation.

Effect of Moisture Stress on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Lauridson ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Lloyd C. Haderlie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Field Plots

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of moisture stress on the absorption and translocation of14C-labeled picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] within the Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. # CIRAR] plants. The absorption and translocation of picloram and dicamba were unaffected by moisture stress. Absorption and translocation of glyphosate to the roots and apical meristem of Canada thistle was reduced by increasing moisture stress. Weekly differential irrigation of Canada thistle field plots during the summers of 1980 and 1981 established three soil moisture regimes averaging −6.6, −11.3, and −15.0 bars at the time of herbicide treatment. When Canada thistle control was evaluated 1 year after application of glyphosate, dicamba, and picloram at 2.5, 1.1, and 0.6 kg/ha, respectively, no differences in Canada thistle shoot control were found between moisture stress treatments.

CEUTORHYNCHUS LITURA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): BIOLOGY AND FIRST RELEASES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE) IN ONTARIO, CANADA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
R. W. Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Puccinia Punctiformis

AbstractCeutorhynchus litura (F.) laid an average of 123 eggs per female. Development from egg to adult took about 6 weeks at room temperature, followed by an obligatory diapause of 3–4 months. In laboratory rearings a maximum of only an 8-fold increase over the original breeding stock was achieved in one generation. The weevil was released against the weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) near Belleville, Ont., in 1967. Near the centre of the release site on about 400 m2, thistle shoots have decreased to 4% of their former density of about 3–7 shoots per 0.25 m2. Circumstantial evidence indicates that the weevil aided in the spread of thistle rust Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Rohl.

Biology of the flea beetle,Altica carduorum [Col.: Chrysomelidae] on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in South Dakota

Entomophaga ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Schaber ◽  
E. U. Balsbaugh ◽  
B. H. Kantack
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle

Absorption, Translocation, and Foliar Activity of Clopyralid and Chlorsulfuron in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm D. Devine ◽  
William H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Root Buds

Both14C-clopyralid (3,6-dichloropicolinic acid) and14C-chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzensulfonamide} were readily absorbed by Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR] leaves, with 99 and 75%, respectively, of the applied doses absorbed 144 h after application. Absorbed14C-clopyralid was rapidly exported from the treated leaves, whereas14C-chlorsulfuron was translocated much more slowly. After 144 h, 29% of the applied14C-clopyralid and 5% of the applied14C-chlorsulfuron were recovered in the roots and developing root buds of Canada thistle plants. Smaller amounts of the two herbicides were absorbed and translocated in perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL. ♯ SONAR) than in Canada thistle. More14C-clopyralid than14C-chlorsulfuron was absorbed and translocated out of treated leaves of perennial sowthistle, but equal amounts, 3 to 4% of the applied doses, were recovered in the roots and root buds 144 h after application. Foliar applications of clopyralid, followed by removal of the treated shoot 24, 72, or 144 h after application, markedly reduced shoot regrowth in both Canada thistle and perennial sowthistle. Similar treatment with chlorsulfuron did not prevent shoot regrowth in either species.

Fall-Applied Glyphosate for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Carlson ◽  
William W. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Root Buds

Effects of repeated late-fall applications of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 1.7 kg ae/ha plus 0.5% (v/v) surfactant on adventitious root buds, thickened propagative roots (> 1.3 mm diam), and shoot density of Canada thistle were studied in continuous hard red spring wheat over a 4-yr period. Glyphosate suppressed Canada thistle shoot density more quickly and to a greater extent than thickened root fresh weight or root bud number. A single fall application of glyphosate drastically decreased Canada thistle shoot density for 1 yr after treatment. However, shoot density was the same as the untreated control by 2 yr after a single fall treatment. Two consecutive late-fall applications of glyphosate in 2 yr decreased Canada thistle shoot density 94% in the fall 1 yr after the last treatment. Glyphosate reduced Canada thistle thickened root fresh weight 70% in the first fall 1 yr after a single fall treatment. However, 2 yr after a single fall application of glyphosate, root fresh weight equalled the controls. Two consecutive fall applications of glyphosate reduced thickened root fresh weight 77% 1 yr after the second treatment.

BIOCONTROL OF THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE): RELEASES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GALL FLY UROPHORA CARDUI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN CANADA

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
D. B. Finnamore ◽  
A. K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
The West ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe gall fly Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), native to Europe, was released at 24 locations across Canada beginning in 1974. It became established in Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick but died out in all but one location in western Canada. Evidence for winter mortality in the west does not explain the failure of these colonies. Although galls, in particular those on the main shoot, reduce the height of Canada thistle, so far the impact on the host weed, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) (L.) Scop., is slight.

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli, Canada thistle (Asteraceae).

2009 ◽  
pp. 318-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. McClay ◽  
R. S. Bourchier ◽  
R. A. Butts ◽  
D. P. Peschken
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle
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