Allelopathic Effect of Different Concentration of Water Extracts of Acacia auriculiformis Leaf on Some Initial Growth Parameters of Five Common Agricultural Crops

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T.M. Rafiqul Ho ◽  
R. Ahmed . ◽  
M.B. Uddin . ◽  
M.K. Hossain .
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Water Extracts

scholarly journals Allelopathic tolerance of pea cultivars to Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.) extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Georgieva ◽  
Ivelina Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Impact

In order to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Sorghum halepense extracts on germination and initial growth of six pea (Pisum sativum subsp. sativum, Pisum sativum subsp. arvense) cultivars and to identify tolerant cultivars, a laboratory experiment was conducted. The studied cultivars revealed different levels of susceptibility to allelopathic impact of root and aboveground biomass extracts of S. halepense. Root growth parameters (length and weight) of the pea cultivars exhibited greater susceptibility to weed extracts than stem parameters. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on germ length of P. sativum ranged from 1.4% (cultivar Mir) to 45.0% (Kamerton), on germ weight - from 3.5% (Pleven 4) to 42.9% (K-80), and on seed germination - from 11.8% (Mir) to 31.3% (K-80). Total inhibitory effect, i.e. the impact of S. halepense extracts on all studied parameters of P. sativum, revealed that the cultivars Mir and Pleven 4 were the most tolerant. Growing such cultivars may reduce weed damage. Low tolerance was manifested by the cultivar K-80, while Modus, Glyans and Kamerton ranked intermediate. The cultivars with large-size seeds or lower grain protein content were more affected by the depressing effect of S. halepense extracts.

scholarly journals Variation in allelopathic tolerance of vetch cultivars to Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.) extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Natalia Georgieva ◽  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Valentin Kosev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design

Using allelopathic tolerance of crops and cultivars is considered a promising supplement to weed control strategies. In order to evaluate the allelopathic tolerance of vetch cultivars to Sorghum halepense extracts in germination and initial growth of the crop, a multi-factorial lab experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The experimental factors were nine vetch cultivars (?Liya?, ?Lorina?, ?Moldovskaya?, ?Obrazets 666?, ?Asko?, ?Violeta?, ?Viola?, ?Beta WP?, and ?Panonskaya?), two aqueous extracts (of shoot and root biomass of S. halepense) and four concentrations of the extracts (1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0% and distilled water as a control). An analysis of variance showed a significant influence of the studied factors. The results revealed variation in responses of the nine cultivars to the allelopathic effect of S. halepense. The extracts applied at different concentrations had a significant inhibitory effect on seed germination (from 2.8 to 27.3% for different cultivars), germ length (from 4.6 to 48.7%) and germ weight (from 3.6 to 34.0%). The lowest concentration (1.0%) also had a stimulating effect on growth parameters, most pronouncedly in two cultivars (?Beta WP? and ?Viola?). Total effects of the weed extracts on seed germination and initial development selected ?Beta WP?, ?Violeta? and ?Obrazets 666? as the most tolerant cultivars, as opposed to ?Liya? and ?Panonskaya?, which were more sensitive. The cultivars with seeds that have greater biomass per 1000 seeds, higher seedling vigour index and protein content were found to be less sensitive to the suppressing effect of S. halepense extracts. These cultivars can be successfully used in organic fields with high density of S. halepense or in a conventional production system with a reduced use of herbicides.

scholarly journals The effect of water extracts from leaves of Festuca rubra, F. ovina and F. Arundinacea on the initial growth and development of other grass species

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Halina Lipińska ◽  
Magdalena Sykut ◽  
Wanda Harkot
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Effect Of Water

<p>The allelopathic effect of plants is one of the least known factors determining the stability of lawn swards. Leaves are a rich source of allelopathic substances. Washed out by rain or dew drops, or released during biomass decomposition, these substances can impact plants. In practice, cut sward is often left on the lawn surface and can have an allelopathic effect on regrowing plants. The effect of released allelochemicals depends on many factors, including their concentration. Hence, in order to maintain the high functional properties of the lawn, information is needed on the critical concentrations of allelochemicals inhibiting plant growth and development. Laboratory research was thus undertaken (on Petri dishes) to evaluate the effect of various water extracts of leaves of selected lawn grass cultivars. The following cultivars were the donors: 'Areta', 'Nimba', 'Olivia' (<em>Festuca rubra</em>)<em>; </em>'Espro', 'Pintor' (<em>F. ovina</em>),and 'Asterix' (<em>F. arundinacea</em>)<em>, </em>while the acceptors were: 'Niwa' (<em>Agrostis capillaris</em>), 'Asterix' (<em>Festuca arundinacea</em>), 'Espro' (<em>F. ovina</em>), 'Areta' (<em>F. rubra</em>), 'Stadion' (<em>Lolium perenne</em>), and 'Bila' (<em>Poa pratensis</em>) – the species frequently sown in lawns. In the control treatments, distilled water was applied to the substrate.</p><p>The experiment revealed that the effect of water extracts of leaves varied depending on their concentration and donor variety as well as the sensitivity of the acceptor (the test plant). In comparison with the control treatments, the strongest negative impact was caused by the cultivars 'Olivia' (<em>F. rubra</em>)and 'Pintor' (<em>F. ovina</em>), followed by 'Asterix' (<em>F. arundinacea</em>)<em>.</em> Among the acceptors, the greatest sensitivity to the presence of allelochemicals was shown by <em>A. capillaris,</em> and the smallest by <em>F. arundinacea.</em></p>.

scholarly journals Viability of Biofertilizer Produced by an Indian Biodigester Prototype Applied to Sunflower Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Luciano Fernandes Moura ◽  
Pedro Felipe Sousa Teixeira ◽  
Franklin Aragão Gondim ◽  
Francisco Holanda Nunes Junior ◽  
Rifandreo Monteiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Biodigesters have been used to convert biomass into biogas and biofertilizers. This energy use has been important for the reduction of solid waste pollution in the environment. This work aims to analyse the viability of the use of pig biofertilizer produced by an Indian biodigester prototype, monitored by a data acquisition system. The biodigester used was an Indian prototype built on a low cost material that is easy to acquire (polyvinyl chloride-PVC). After the biofertilizer production, we tested its efficiency and viability under conditions of vegetation house in the cultivation of sunflower plants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement with 4 concentrations of biofertilizer (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) × 4 harvest periods (14, 21, 25 and 29 days after sowing). We evaluated biometric and vigor parameters by measurements of stem diameter, height of the aerial part, number of leaves and production of fresh and dry matter of roots, aerial and total parts, as well as the relative chlorophyll content. We performed the experiment with five repetitions using two plants each and we submitted the data to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and polynomial regression using the statistical software Sisvar 5.4. The functional Indian biodigester prototype produced a biofertilizer of excellent quality and viability as a biofertilizer for the initial growth of sunflower plants. The biofertilizer served as a nutritional source in the sunflower crop, since it provided increases in all the growth parameters analyzed in relation to the control group (plants in the absence of biofertilizer), especially in the concentration of 120 kg N ha-1.

EVALUATION OF Psidium guajava LEAVES AND ACETIC ACID AS NATURAL HERBICIDES FOR CONTROLLING SOME WEEDS OF Capsicum annuum CROP

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Mona Adel El-Wakeel
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Acetic Acid Treatment ◽  
Leaf Powder

Allelopathy and natural products are safe non-chemical modern techniques that applied as alternative to synthetic herbicides for controlling weeds. So, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Psidium guajava leaf powder (PLP) and Acetic acid 5% as a natural product on the growth and yield of Capsicum annuum plants and both associated weeds: Phalaris minor (grassy weed) and Malva parviflora (broad-leaved weed). PLP was mixed with in the soil surface at successive rates (15, 30, 45 and 60 g/pot). In the corresponding treatments PLP at the same sequenced rates was mixed with the soil then sprayed with acetic acid 5% immediately. Moreover, sole spraying of acetic acid 5% treatment was sprayed on the soil surface. All treatments were applied before transplanting directly. Results revealed that the maximum inhibition of both weeds in both seasons was recorded by PLP at 60g + Acetic acid 5% as compared to unweeded control. Concerning to C. annuum growth parameters and yield traits, sole application of PLP at successive rates is more effective than PLP at the same successive rates with acetic acid 5%. So, it was observed that PLP at 60g/pot and 45 g/pot significantly developed most of growth parameters and yield traits of C. annuum than the healthy plants in both seasons. On the contrary, acetic acid treatment alone recorded the lowest value of all growth parameters and yield traits of Capsicum annuum plants.Allelopathy and natural products are safe non-chemical modern techniques that applied as alternative to synthetic herbicides for controlling weeds. So, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Psidium guajava leaf powder (PLP) and Acetic acid 5% as a natural product on the growth and yield of Capsicum annuum plants and both associated weeds: Phalaris minor (grassy weed) and Malva parviflora (broad-leaved weed). PLP was mixed with in the soil surface at successive rates (15, 30, 45 and 60 g/pot). In the corresponding treatments PLP at the same sequenced rates was mixed with the soil then sprayed with acetic acid 5% immediately. Moreover, sole spraying of acetic acid 5% treatment was sprayed on the soil surface. All treatments were applied before transplanting directly. Results revealed that the maximum inhibition of both weeds in both seasons was recorded by PLP at 60g + Acetic acid 5% as compared to unweeded control. Concerning to C. annuum growth parameters and yield traits, sole application of PLP at successive rates is more effective than PLP at the same successive rates with acetic acid 5%. So, it was observed that PLP at 60g/pot and 45 g/pot significantly developed most of growth parameters and yield traits of C. annuum than the healthy plants in both seasons. On the contrary, acetic acid treatment alone recorded the lowest value of all growth parameters and yield traits of Capsicum annuum plants.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Some Associated Weeds of Wheat on Germinability and Biomass Production of Wheat Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
T. TABASSUM ◽  
S.A. ANJUM ◽  
T. ABBAS ◽  
U. NAZIR
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Dry Biomass

ABSTRACT: Weeds associated with crops may impose their phytotoxic effects on crop plants through the release of their allelochemicals and hence seriously reduce crop productivity. The present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of water soluble phenolics of weeds associated with wheat crop (Vicia sativa, Trigonella polycerata, Lathyrus aphaca, Medicago polymorpha, Melilotus indica) on germinability and biomass production of wheat seedlings by using their water extracts at 2.5% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) concentrations and residues of the same weeds with 0, 15 and 30 d decomposition periods at 2% (w/w) concentration. The results showed that the water extracts of M. indica and V. sativa at 5% concentration imposed the most inhibitory effect on energy of germination (81%) and prolonged time to 50% germination (226%), respectively; by contrast, T. polycerata and M. indica extracts at the same concentration inhibited shoot (8%) and root fresh biomass (64%). However, shoot dry biomass was exalted by the weed extracts at both concentrations with maximum increase (29%) caused by the M.indica extract at 2.5% concentration; however, root dry biomass (46%) and root/shoot ratio (51%) were decreased by M. polymorpha and M. indica extracts at 5% concentration, respectively. Residues of L. aphaca and M. polymorpha with a 30 d decomposition period proved the most toxic regarding energy of emergence (85%) and time to 50% emergence (138%), respectively; while, shoot fresh (41%) and dry biomass (26%) production were hindered mostly by M. indica and M. polymorpha residues with a 30 d decomposition period. There was the highest decrease in root fresh (64%) and dry biomass (64%), and root/shoot ratio (64%) when treatment was performed with V. sativa residues without decomposition. The results show that leachates and residues of weeds inhibit wheat germinability and biomass production through release of allelochemicals, and they are a threat to profitable crop production.

A Study of the Interface Between THM Grown MCT Crystals and Cdte Seeds.

1990 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Shilo ◽  
E. Kedar ◽  
D. Szafranek
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Planar Interface ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Diffuse Zone ◽  
Unusual Shape

ABSTRACTHgCdTe crystals have been grown from CdTe seeds by the travelling heater method (THM). Three different kinds of interfaces between the growing crystal and the seed were found: a sharp planar interface; a non-planar interface which is caused by meltback near the ampoule walls; a diffuse zone, where an interface cannot be discerned. A correlation was found between the initial growth parameters and the interface structure. Microprobe analysis revealed a boundary layer which, in the case of the planar interface, had an unusual shape. This layer had a thickness varying from 400 to 800 microns. It consisted mostly of HgTe, and contained holes as defects.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Three Leafy Vegetables to the Allelopathic Effect of Vitellaria paradoxa

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olamide O. FOLARIN ◽  
Clement O. OGUNKUNLE ◽  
Stephen O. OYEDEJI ◽  
Saheed KOLAWOLE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Plastic Containers

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth response of three leafy vegetables (Celosia argentea, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus hypochodriacus) to the leaf extract of Vitellaria paradoxa. Forty-five (45) experimental plastic containers were filled with 5 kg of loamy soil each and randomly allocated to the following regimes: control, 20 g, 40 g, 60 g and 80 g of powdered leaves of V. paradoxa, in three (3) replicates for each test crop respectively. It was observed that the response of the three leafy vegetables, grown within different composition of V. paradoxa leaves, are concentration dependent with respect to the studied growth parameters (plant height, leaf number, leaf area, stem girth). This indicated that V. paradoxa has allelopathic potential on the studied vegetables and therefore it could be used for natural weed control.

scholarly journals Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) control in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) with clethodim

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Elytrigia Repens

Summary Potato growers require effective control of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) so as to obtain maximum yield. We examined the effect of different quackgrass growth parameters on effectiveness of clethodim and compared clethodim to selected herbicides. Reduction of the initial top growth of quackgrass with clethodim applied at the five-leaf stage was less than at the three-leaf stage at all rates of application. Shoot regrowth and rhizome production occurred at rates of application from 0.075 to 0.150 kg a.i. ha-1 but only to a very minor level at the highest rate of 0.240 kg a.i. ha-1 at either stage of application. Control was not affected by rhizome length with equal reduction in initial growth, regrowth, and rhizome weight obtained on plants grown from two-node and ten-node rhizome pieces at rates of 0.120 kg a.i. ha-1 or higher. Removal of quackgrass shoots 6 hours after treatment resulted in increased regrowth and rhizome weight at all application rates but the response was progressively overcome by increasing the rate of application.The removal of quackgrass shoots 24 or 96 hours after treatment had no adverse effect on reduction in quackgrass growth indicating rapid clethodim translocation in the greenhouse. In the field, clethodim provided greater than 80% control of quackgrass at the three to four-leaf stage with 0.150 kg a.i. ha-1 when used in combination with ammonium sulphate.

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