scholarly journals The effect of water extracts from leaves of Festuca rubra, F. ovina and F. Arundinacea on the initial growth and development of other grass species

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Halina Lipińska ◽  
Magdalena Sykut ◽  
Wanda Harkot
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Effect Of Water

<p>The allelopathic effect of plants is one of the least known factors determining the stability of lawn swards. Leaves are a rich source of allelopathic substances. Washed out by rain or dew drops, or released during biomass decomposition, these substances can impact plants. In practice, cut sward is often left on the lawn surface and can have an allelopathic effect on regrowing plants. The effect of released allelochemicals depends on many factors, including their concentration. Hence, in order to maintain the high functional properties of the lawn, information is needed on the critical concentrations of allelochemicals inhibiting plant growth and development. Laboratory research was thus undertaken (on Petri dishes) to evaluate the effect of various water extracts of leaves of selected lawn grass cultivars. The following cultivars were the donors: 'Areta', 'Nimba', 'Olivia' (<em>Festuca rubra</em>)<em>; </em>'Espro', 'Pintor' (<em>F. ovina</em>),and 'Asterix' (<em>F. arundinacea</em>)<em>, </em>while the acceptors were: 'Niwa' (<em>Agrostis capillaris</em>), 'Asterix' (<em>Festuca arundinacea</em>), 'Espro' (<em>F. ovina</em>), 'Areta' (<em>F. rubra</em>), 'Stadion' (<em>Lolium perenne</em>), and 'Bila' (<em>Poa pratensis</em>) – the species frequently sown in lawns. In the control treatments, distilled water was applied to the substrate.</p><p>The experiment revealed that the effect of water extracts of leaves varied depending on their concentration and donor variety as well as the sensitivity of the acceptor (the test plant). In comparison with the control treatments, the strongest negative impact was caused by the cultivars 'Olivia' (<em>F. rubra</em>)and 'Pintor' (<em>F. ovina</em>), followed by 'Asterix' (<em>F. arundinacea</em>)<em>.</em> Among the acceptors, the greatest sensitivity to the presence of allelochemicals was shown by <em>A. capillaris,</em> and the smallest by <em>F. arundinacea.</em></p>.

scholarly journals The influence of sowing date on initial growth and development of selected lawn varieties of Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Festuca ovina, Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis on a roadside bank

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
ADAM ŁUKASZ GAWRYLUK
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Festuca Ovina

Celem prezentowanych badań była ocena początkowego tempa wzrostu wybranych 5 gatunków traw, w celu określenia ich przydatności do szybkiego i skutecznego zadarniania przydrożnych skarp w dwóch terminach wysiewu, (wiosenny i późnojesienny). Badania przeprowadzono na skarpie usytuowanej wzdłuż drogi krajowej S17. Pomiary długości korzeni i wysokości siewek każdego gatunku wykonano w 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 i 60. dniu od daty siewu. Wykazano, że w warunkach prowadzenia doświadczenia gatunki traw różnią się tempem początkowego wzrostu. Terminy siewu miały istotny wpływ na tempo wydłużania korzeni i wzrostu siewek badanych gatunków traw, bowiem na obiektach z późnojesiennym terminem siewu wszystkie gatunki i odmiany charakteryzowały się najkrótszymi korzeniami i najniższymi siewkami. W obu terminach siewu, niezależnie od roku prowadzenia doświadczeń, siewki L. perenne charakteryzowały się najdłuższymi korzeniami i najwyższymi siewkami w porównaniu z pozostałymi gatunkami. Z kolei siewki P. pratensis w obu powtórzeniach charakteryzowały się najkrótszymi korzeniami i najniższymi siewkami w porównaniu z pozostałymi gatunkami.

scholarly journals The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Agata Borowik ◽  
Jan Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>12</sub> benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C<sub>12</sub>–C<sub>25</sub> oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.

scholarly journals Comparison of phytoremediation potential of three grass species in soil contaminated with cadmium

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Gołda ◽  
Jolanta Korzeniowska
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Cadmium Contamination ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Lower Tolerance

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the toleration of Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra to cadmium contamination as well as the phytoremediation potential of these three species of grass. The pot experiment was conducted in four replications in pots containing 2.0 kg of soil. The soil was contaminated with three doses of Cd – 30, 60 and 120 mg·kg−1. After two months, the aerial parts of plants were harvested. The roots were dug up, brushed off from the remaining soil and washed with water. The biomass was defined and the cadmium concentration was determined in aerial parts and roots. The phytoremediation potential of grasses was evaluated using biomass of grasses, bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF). All three tested species of grasses had TF < 1 and BF-root > 1. It indicates their suitability for phytostabilisation and makes them unsuitable for phytoextraction of Cd from the soil. Comparing the usefulness of the tested grasses for phytoremediation has shown that the phytostabilisation potential of P. pratensis was lower than that of L. perenne and F. rubra. P. pratensis was distinguished by higher TF, smaller root biomass and lower tolerance for Cd excess in the soil in comparison with the two other test grasses. At the same time, L. perenne was characterised by the smallest decrease in biomass and the largest Cd accumulation in roots at the lowest dose of Cd. It indicates good usefulness for phytostabilisation of soils characterised by a relatively small pollution by cadmium.

scholarly journals Repatriation of lost old grass varieties to the germplasm collection of the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S37-S39
Author(s):  
M. Ševčíková
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Grass Breeding ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius ◽  
Crop Research

&nbsp;In former Czechoslovakia, grass breeding was located in the three distinct regions of Southern Bohemia and Northern Moravia during the 1920’s; and later in Slovakia in the 1940’s. This resulted in the development of 45 cultivars of 17 grass species which originated from local ecotypes and were named after the place of their breeding (<I>e.g. </I>Táborský, Větrovský, Rožnovský, and Levočský). Most of these historical cultivars were not preserved in any national germplasm collection, and the number of missing accessions amounted to 27 of the 34 deleted varieties. Using the findings about unpreserved materials of Czechoslovak origin in the European Central Crop Databases, as well as the EURISCO web catalogue, it was possible to repatriate 7 historical cultivars (<I>Arrhenatherum elatius </I>Větrovský, <I>Festuca pratensis </I>Větrovská, <I>Festuca rubra </I>Rožnovská, <I>Lolium perenne </I>Táborský, <I>Phleum pratense </I>Větrovský, <I>Poa nemoralis </I>Rožnovská, and <I>Poa pratensis </I>Levočská) from the gene banks of the neighbouring European countries. The accessions were regenerated, and their seed has been stored <I>ex situ </I>in the Gene Bank of the Crop Research Institute in Prague. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The effect of some herbicides on seed yield of six grass species – Short Communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
J. Macháč ◽  
B. Cagaš ◽  
R. Macháč
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

The tolerance to or phytotoxicity of selected herbicides and their impact on seed yield was investigated in six grasses grown for seed: Phleum pratense cv. Sobol (a), Festuca rubra cv. T&aacute;borsk&aacute; (b), Festuca pratensis cv. Otava (c), Poa pratensis cv. Slezanka (d), Arrhenatherum elatius cv. Medi&aacute;n (e) and Dactylis glomerata cv. Zora (f). All species were tolerant to Grodyl 75 WG (amidosulfuron 75%), (a) and (f) were tolerant to Grodyl plus (amidosulfuron 15 g/kg + isoproturon 600 g/kg) which was phytotoxic to the other grass species; all species were tolerant to Stomp 330 E (pendimethalin 330 g/l); Lintur 70 WG (triasulfuron 4.1% + dicamba 65.9%) was phytotoxic only to (c) while the other species were tolerant to it.

Phytophagous arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Soroka ◽  
B. D. Gossen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
The Impact

Silvertop, which is characterized by whitish, completely sterile seed heads produced on green tillers, is a common symptom in many perennial grasses. A 3-yr study of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) grown for seed production was conducted at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to investigate the cause(s) of silvertop, the impact of residue management strategies on silvertop incidence, and the impact of silvertop on seed yield. Three residue management practices were applied in the fall of the first harvest year and again the next fall, as follows: (i) burned after harvest; (ii) clipped to 1–2 cm in height and the residue removed; or (iii) mowed to 20 cm and the residue retained. Arthropods in each plot were collected weekly from May until July by sweep sampling, counted, and identified to family level or lower, and the incidence of seed heads with and without silvertop were assessed. The majority of arthropods were thrips, leafhoppers, plant bugs, mites, or grass-dwelling flies. Grass species and residue treatment strongly affected the number of reproductive tillers and levels of silvertop. Levels of silvertop were lowest in creeping bentgrass in all 3 yr of the study, while they were similar for Kentucky bluegrass and creeping red fescue. Mown plots had fewer reproductive tillers, fewer heathy seed heads, and higher levels of silvertop than burned or clipped plots. However, arthropod species composition was generally similar across grass species and residue treatments. This indicates that a specific arthropod taxon may not be a critical factor in silvertop expression. The relationship between the number and composition of arthropods found and incidence of silvertop is discussed. Key words: Festuca rubra subsp. rubra, Poa pratensis, Agrostis palustris, seed production, arthropods, silvertop

scholarly journals Studies on the sensitivity of some species and cultivars of lawn grasses on salinity with sodium chloride during the seed germination and first year of growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Borowski
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Agrostis Capillaris ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Nacl Salinity

Abstract In the years 2005 - 2006 studies were conducted in a growth chamber and a vegetation hall which compared tolerance to NaCl salinity of seeds and plants of some lawn grasses. The effect of sodium chloride salinity on the germination of 4 species of grasses i.e. Lolium perenne cv. ‘Info’, Festuca rubra cv. ‘Audio’, Agrostis capillaris cv. ‘Niwa’, Poa pratensis cv. ‘Alicja’ and 4 cultivars of Lolium prenne - ‘Nira’, ‘Stadion’, ‘Ronija’, ‘Darius’ was studied. The grass seeds germinated in Petri dishes, in darkness, at the temperature of 24°C. Besides the control, 3 levels of salinity were used in the studies: 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. The obtained results demonstrated that the growing level of salinity in the environment significantly decreased the germinating speed, the number of the produced roots, the length of the longest root, and the length of the coleoptile in the seedlings of all studied grass species. Lolium perenne seeds tolerated salinity the best, and next - in a diminishing sequence - those were the seeds of Festuca rubra, Agrostis capillaris and Poa pratensis. However, the obtained data showed that tolerance to salinity of the analyzed cultivars of Lolium prenne decreased in the following sequence ‘Ronija’ > ‘Stadion’ > ‘Nira’ > ‘Darius’. In a vegetation hall tolerance to NaCl salinity of these 4 cultivars of Lolium perenne in the first year growth was compared. The plants grew in pots of 2 dm3 filled with a mixture of universal earth and river sand (3:1 / v:v) with the soil moisture of 70% and 3 levels of salinity: 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl. The obtained results demonstrated that in all studied cultivars the increase of the salinity level caused a significant decrease of the yield of the leaf dry weight from the successive grass crops, and an increase of the content of sodium, chloride and free proline in them. The greatest tolerance to NaCl salinity in the group of the studied cultivars was shown by ‘Ronija’, medium tolerance - by ‘Darius’ and ‘Stadion’, and the lowest one - by ‘Nira’. This resulted from the degree of accumulation of Na+ and Cl- ions and proline in those conditions. The cultivars with higher tolerance accumulated fewer osmotically active compounds in the leaves.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of preparations of Betula pendula Roth., Chamomilla recutita L. and Urtica dioica L. on the initial growth of Hordeum vulgare L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Andrzej Dziamski ◽  
Zofia Stypczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Leaves And Roots

The experiment investigated the effect of preparations of <em>Betula pendula</em>, <em>Chamomilla recutita</em>, and <em>Urtica dioica</em> on the initial growth of <em>Hordeum vulgare</em> under laboratory conditions. The experiment involved a water solution of sap from the trunk of <em>B. pendula</em>, an infusion from <em>Ch. recutita</em>, extracts from leaves and rhizomes as well as macerated herbage of <em>U. dioica</em>, at the concentrations of 2.5%; 5%; 10% and 20%. During the first four days of the growth of the test plants, the plant preparations tested had a stimulatory effect on the length of leaves and roots in all the cases. The leaf increases were greater than those of the roots and became smaller with an increase in the concentration of the preparations. Continued watering of <em>H. vulgare</em> seedlings resulted in a further increase in leaf length after the application of <em>U. dioica</em> macerate and <em>Ch. recutita</em> infusion, with a simultaneous increase in root length with the macerate of <em>U. dioica</em> and <em>B. pendula</em> sap used at the concentrations of 2.5–10%. The other extracts made from <em>U. dioica</em> leaves and roots, irrespective of the concentration applied, strongly reduced the increase in leaves and roots from 11 to 27%. The weight of roots and leaves in <em>H. vulgare</em>, over the entire range of the concentrations applied and irrespective of the duration of the experiment, was stimulated only by <em>B. pendula</em> sap. The extracts from <em>Ch. recutita</em> and <em>U. dioica</em>, especially the leaf and root extracts, significantly reduced the root weight of the test plant.

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