A Study of the Interface Between THM Grown MCT Crystals and Cdte Seeds.

1990 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Shilo ◽  
E. Kedar ◽  
D. Szafranek
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Planar Interface ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Diffuse Zone ◽  
Unusual Shape

ABSTRACTHgCdTe crystals have been grown from CdTe seeds by the travelling heater method (THM). Three different kinds of interfaces between the growing crystal and the seed were found: a sharp planar interface; a non-planar interface which is caused by meltback near the ampoule walls; a diffuse zone, where an interface cannot be discerned. A correlation was found between the initial growth parameters and the interface structure. Microprobe analysis revealed a boundary layer which, in the case of the planar interface, had an unusual shape. This layer had a thickness varying from 400 to 800 microns. It consisted mostly of HgTe, and contained holes as defects.

scholarly journals Viability of Biofertilizer Produced by an Indian Biodigester Prototype Applied to Sunflower Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Luciano Fernandes Moura ◽  
Pedro Felipe Sousa Teixeira ◽  
Franklin Aragão Gondim ◽  
Francisco Holanda Nunes Junior ◽  
Rifandreo Monteiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Biodigesters have been used to convert biomass into biogas and biofertilizers. This energy use has been important for the reduction of solid waste pollution in the environment. This work aims to analyse the viability of the use of pig biofertilizer produced by an Indian biodigester prototype, monitored by a data acquisition system. The biodigester used was an Indian prototype built on a low cost material that is easy to acquire (polyvinyl chloride-PVC). After the biofertilizer production, we tested its efficiency and viability under conditions of vegetation house in the cultivation of sunflower plants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement with 4 concentrations of biofertilizer (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) × 4 harvest periods (14, 21, 25 and 29 days after sowing). We evaluated biometric and vigor parameters by measurements of stem diameter, height of the aerial part, number of leaves and production of fresh and dry matter of roots, aerial and total parts, as well as the relative chlorophyll content. We performed the experiment with five repetitions using two plants each and we submitted the data to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and polynomial regression using the statistical software Sisvar 5.4. The functional Indian biodigester prototype produced a biofertilizer of excellent quality and viability as a biofertilizer for the initial growth of sunflower plants. The biofertilizer served as a nutritional source in the sunflower crop, since it provided increases in all the growth parameters analyzed in relation to the control group (plants in the absence of biofertilizer), especially in the concentration of 120 kg N ha-1.

On the Interface Structure of Buried CoSi2/Si(001) Layers and their Respective Schottky Barrier Heights

1993 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wemer ◽  
W. Jäger ◽  
A. Schüppen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Schottky Barrier ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Planar Interface ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Barrier Heights ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Interface Structures ◽  
Atomic Interface

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) study of the morphology and the atomic structure of CoSi2/Si(001) interfaces of continuous buried sulicide layers. These layers were produced by high-dose Co+ ion implantation and subsequent rapid thermal annealing. Planar interface regions of high perfection with domains of different atomic interface structure, and interface steps, frequently with I 111)I facets, were observed. There were significant differences in the interface structure between the upper and lower interfaces. Measuring Schottky barrier heights (SBH's) revealed different values for the upper (0.67eV) and lower (0.78eV) CoSi2/n-Si(001) interfaces. Possible correlations between the atomic interface structures and the resulting electronic properties are discussed.

scholarly journals Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) control in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) with clethodim

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Elytrigia Repens

Summary Potato growers require effective control of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) so as to obtain maximum yield. We examined the effect of different quackgrass growth parameters on effectiveness of clethodim and compared clethodim to selected herbicides. Reduction of the initial top growth of quackgrass with clethodim applied at the five-leaf stage was less than at the three-leaf stage at all rates of application. Shoot regrowth and rhizome production occurred at rates of application from 0.075 to 0.150 kg a.i. ha-1 but only to a very minor level at the highest rate of 0.240 kg a.i. ha-1 at either stage of application. Control was not affected by rhizome length with equal reduction in initial growth, regrowth, and rhizome weight obtained on plants grown from two-node and ten-node rhizome pieces at rates of 0.120 kg a.i. ha-1 or higher. Removal of quackgrass shoots 6 hours after treatment resulted in increased regrowth and rhizome weight at all application rates but the response was progressively overcome by increasing the rate of application.The removal of quackgrass shoots 24 or 96 hours after treatment had no adverse effect on reduction in quackgrass growth indicating rapid clethodim translocation in the greenhouse. In the field, clethodim provided greater than 80% control of quackgrass at the three to four-leaf stage with 0.150 kg a.i. ha-1 when used in combination with ammonium sulphate.

scholarly journals Alternative models for allozyme-associated heterosis in the marine bivalve Spisula ovalis.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 1719-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
P David ◽  
B Delay ◽  
P Berthou ◽  
P Jarne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Genomic Effects

Abstract Correlations between allozyme heterozygosity and fitness-related traits, especially growth, have been documented in natural populations of marine bivalves. However, no consistent pattern has been exhibited, because heterotic effects on size vary with age and individual growth parameters are generally unknown. No consensus has emerged on the genetic basis of allozyme-associated heterosis. The species studied here, Spisula ovalis, displays annual shell growth lines, which allows us to compute individual age and growth dynamics over the whole life span. Our morphological study was coupled to a protein electrophoresis study at seven polymorphic loci. While the maximum size gained is not related to heterozygosity, the age at half maximum size, t1/2, is significantly negatively correlated with heterozygosity, indicating an heterotic effect on initial growth. The correlation between heterozygosity and size is expected to vanish when age increases, due to the form of the growth function. This decreasing correlation is consistent with previous studies. We compare the relative performances of five linear models to analyze the genetic basis of heterosis. Surprisingly, the largest part of variance in t1/2 is due to additive effects, the overdominant components being much weaker. Heterosis is therefore due to general genomic effects rather than to local overdominance restricted to allozymes or small neighboring chromosomal segments. A significant dependence of individual heterotic contributions of the enzyme loci upon expected heterozygosities, rather than metabolic function, further supports the hypothesis of enzymes acting as markers. General genomic effects can hold only if allozyme heterozygosity is positively correlated with heterozygosity at fitness-related genes scattered throughout the genome. This hypothesis is supported here by heterozygosity correlations between enzymatic loci.

scholarly journals Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) - a rainfed pulse crop

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vanaja ◽  
P. Raghuram Reddy ◽  
N. Jyothi Lakshmi ◽  
M. Maheswari ◽  
P. Vagheera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The response of blackgram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> L. Hepper) to two levels of elevated carbon dioxide (550 and 700 ppm) in terms of growth and yield was investigated and compared with ambient CO<sub>2</sub> level (365 ppm) using open-top chambers. The growth parameters viz., length and weight of root and shoot, root:shoot ratio, leaf area and weight significantly increased at 700 ppm CO2 when compared with 550 ppm. The percentage increase in total biomass at 700 and 550 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> was 65.4% and 39%, respectively compared to the ambient (chamber) control. The increase in total seed yield at 700 ppm (129%) was due to an increase in number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight, whereas at 550 ppm (88.7%) it was due to an increased number of pods/plant and seeds/pod. The results indicate variable responsive effects at different levels of CO<sub>2</sub> emphasizing the pertinence of research on elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in various agroecological inhabitations all over the world. The indication of higher responses for root and leaf at initial growth stages at the higher elevated level of CO<sub>2</sub> (700 ppm), which leads to better root establishment, achieving early photosynthetic efficiency and also better biomass production, and its improved partitioning can be reckoned as a positive aspect of increasing concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> in atmosphere. The harvest index increased significantly to 35.7 and 38.4% at 550 and 700 ppm, respectively; it is a very important phenomenon in pulses for breaking the yield barrier.

scholarly journals Effect of Pterocladia capillacea Seaweed Extracts on Growth Parameters and Biochemical Constituents of Jew’s Mallow

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ashour ◽  
Ahmed A. El-Shafei ◽  
Hanan M. Khairy ◽  
Doaa Y. Abd-Elkader ◽  
Mohamed A. Mattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Initial Growth

We performed field experiments to evaluate the influence of two extraction treatments, seaweed (Pterocladia capillacea S.G. Gmelin) water extraction (WE) and ultrasound-assisted water extraction (USWE) at three concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%), as well as control NPK traditional mineral fertilizer on the growth, yield, minerals, and antioxidants of Jew’s Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) during the two seasons of 2016 and 2017 in Egypt. Plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of WE10 treatment were the highest (p < 0.05) as 59.67 cm, 10.67 and 2.41 kg m−2 in 2016, respectively, and 57.33 cm, 11.00 and 2.32 kg m−2 in 2017, respectively. WE10 and USWE5 treatments produced the highest dry matter (17.07%) in 2016 and (16.97%) in 2017, respectively. WE10 plants had an increased water productivity of 41.2% relative to control plants in both seasons. The highest chlorophyll ‘a’ was recorded after the WE10 treatment in 2016 and 2017 (17.79 μg g−1 and 17.84 μg g−1, respectively). The highest levels of total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and total flavonoids were also recorded after the WE10 treatment. Application of WE10 boosted growth, yield, minerals, and antioxidants of Jew’s Mallow. The CROPWAT model was used to estimate the evapotranspiration, irrigation water requirements, and yield response to irrigation scheduling. Our data showed a yield reduction in the initial growth stage if a limited amount of water was provided. Therefore, irrigation water should be provided during the most important stages of crop development with the choice of effective irrigation practices to avoid water losses, as this helps to maximize yield.

Phase-Field Simulation of Directional Solidification Microstructure Evolution in a Binary Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1862-1865
Author(s):  
Jin Jun Tang ◽  
Jian Zhong Jiang ◽  
Chun Hua Tang ◽  
Da Hui Chen ◽  
Xiu Rong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Phase Field ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Planar Interface ◽  
Space Length ◽  
Velocity Increase ◽  
Field Simulation ◽  
Solute Boundary Layer

In order to obtain the directional microstructure of different supersaturation and growing velocity, three simulations is calculated with different initial temperature. When the initial temperature is 1576K, and the supersaturation and growing velocity are smaller. The average space length of columnar crystals is bigger, and the directional microstructure grows by the wide columnar crystals. Microsegregation is smaller; when the initial temperature is 1574K, the supersaturation and growing velocity increase. when the initial temperature falls to 1566K, the planar interface comes back, and microsegregation decreases rapidly. The directional microstructure grows by the thinnest columnar crystals. At the same time, the transverse solute profiles and solute boundary layer are also talked in this paper.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilization and Weed Management on Weed Flora of Hemp Crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Angeliki KOUSTA ◽  
Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU ◽  
Nikolina CΗΕΙΜΟΝΑ ◽  
Ilias TRAVLOS ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Density And Biomass

Hemp is known to have a competitive advantage over weeds. Despite its suppressive ability, weed infestation remains an important issue during the early growth of the crop. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fertilization and weed management on weed flora and hemp growth parameters during initial growth in the 2019 season. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replicates: three hemp cultivars as main plots, three fertilization treatments as sub-plots and two sub-sub-plots (weedy, weed free). For the computation of height and biomass weight, 10 plants were randomly selected in each plot. Weed species were collected by quadrate and density and biomass weight were determined. ANOVA revealed that all factors and their interactions significantly affected plant traits. Hemp cultivars showed different competitive ability. ‘Futura 17’ reduced weed measurement traits better than ‘Uso 31’. Density and biomass of nitrophilous weeds increased with the higher N dose compared to control (up to 56% and 79% respectively), therefore negatively affecting the growth of the hemp plants. Further research is needed in order to identify useful information on interactions between weeds and hemp crop to address potential yield losses under different weed management systems.

scholarly journals Image-Based High-Throughput Phenotyping of Cereals Early Vigor and Weed-Competitiveness Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3877
Author(s):  
Shlomi Aharon ◽  
Zvi Peleg ◽  
Eli Argaman ◽  
Roi Ben-David ◽  
Ran N. Lati
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Early Vigor

Cereals grains are the prime component of the human diet worldwide. To promote food security and sustainability, new approaches to non-chemical weed control are needed. Early vigor cultivars with enhanced weed-competitiveness ability are a potential tool, nonetheless, the introduction of such trait in breeding may be a long and labor-intensive process. Here, two image-driven plant phenotyping methods were evaluated to facilitate effective and accurate selection for early vigor in cereals. For that purpose, two triticale genotypes differentiating in vigor and growth rate early in the season were selected as model plants: X-1010 (high) and Triticale1 (low). Two modeling approaches, 2-D and 3-D, were applied on the plants offering an evaluation of various morphological growth parameters for the triticale canopy development, under controlled and field conditions. The morphological advantage of X-1010 was observed only at the initial growth stages, which was reflected by significantly higher growth parameter values compared to the Triticale1 genotype. Both modeling approaches were sensitive enough to detect phenotypic differences in growth as early as 21 days after sowing. All growth parameters indicated a faster early growth of X-1010. However, the 2-D related parameter [projected shoot area (PSA)] is the most available one that can be extracted via end user-friendly imaging equipment. PSA provided adequate indication for the triticale early growth under weed-competition conditions and for the improved weed-competition ability. The adequate phenotyping ability for early growth and competition was robust under controlled and field conditions. PSA can be extracted from close and remote sensing platforms, thus, facilitate high throughput screening. Overall, the results of this study may improve cereal breeding for early vigor and weed-competitiveness.

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