scholarly journals Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) control in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) with clethodim

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Elytrigia Repens

Summary Potato growers require effective control of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) so as to obtain maximum yield. We examined the effect of different quackgrass growth parameters on effectiveness of clethodim and compared clethodim to selected herbicides. Reduction of the initial top growth of quackgrass with clethodim applied at the five-leaf stage was less than at the three-leaf stage at all rates of application. Shoot regrowth and rhizome production occurred at rates of application from 0.075 to 0.150 kg a.i. ha-1 but only to a very minor level at the highest rate of 0.240 kg a.i. ha-1 at either stage of application. Control was not affected by rhizome length with equal reduction in initial growth, regrowth, and rhizome weight obtained on plants grown from two-node and ten-node rhizome pieces at rates of 0.120 kg a.i. ha-1 or higher. Removal of quackgrass shoots 6 hours after treatment resulted in increased regrowth and rhizome weight at all application rates but the response was progressively overcome by increasing the rate of application.The removal of quackgrass shoots 24 or 96 hours after treatment had no adverse effect on reduction in quackgrass growth indicating rapid clethodim translocation in the greenhouse. In the field, clethodim provided greater than 80% control of quackgrass at the three to four-leaf stage with 0.150 kg a.i. ha-1 when used in combination with ammonium sulphate.

Effect of Haloxyfop on Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
No Removal ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Elytrigia Repens

Reduction of initial top growth of quackgrass with haloxyfop at 0.13 kg ai ha-1and above in the greenhouse was comparable at the 2-, 4-, and 6-leaf stages. Quackgrass control was not affected by rhizome length in plants grown from 2-node and 10-node rhizome pieces. Removal of quackgrass shoots 6 h after treatment resulted in increased initial topgrowth, regrowth, and rhizome weight at all application rates when compared to treatments with no removal of shoots; however, growth decreased with increasing rates of haloxyfop. Later removal at 24 or 96 h after treatment did not affect quackgrass control, indicating rapid translocation. In field-grown potato, haloxyfop applied at 0.25 kg ha-1at the 4- to 5-leaf stage controlled more than 80% of quackgrass. Lower rates controlled less than 80% when used alone; but adding cultivation improved control. No adverse effect on potato yield was noted with haloxyfop.

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) by Fluazifop

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agropyron Repens

In greenhouse and field studies, fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid} controlled quackgrass [Agropyron repens(Beauv.) # AGRRE] in potato (Solanum tuberosumL. ‘Russet Burbank’). Quackgrass control with fluazifop at 0.25 and 0.5 kg ai/ha in the greenhouse was greatest with application at the two-leaf stage compared with the four-and six-leaf stages. Control was not affected by rhizome length, with similar control obtained of plants grown from 2- and 10-node rhizome pieces. Removal of quackgrass shoots at 6 or 24 h after treatment resulted in decreased control at application rates of 0.25 and 0.5 kg/ha. Fluazifop at 0.5 kg/ha controlled quackgrass treated at the four-leaf stage. The active enantiomer of fluazifop at half the rate of the racemic mixture controlled the quackgrass to the same extent. Fluazifop did not affect potato yield.

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) by Sethoxydim

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Agropyron Repens

In greenhouse and field studies, sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-(2-ethylthio)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} provided good control of quackgrass [(Agropyron repens L. (Beauv.) ♯ AGRRE] in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Burbank’). Level of control with sethoxydim at 0.6 kg ai/ha in the greenhouse was improved by the addition of a surfactant at 1.0% (v/v) of spray volume. Removal of quackgrass shoots at 6 or 24 h after treatment resulted in decreased control at application rates of 0.6, 1.0, and 1.6 kg ai/ha. Application of sethoxydim at 1.2 or 1.6 kg ai/ha in the field gave excellent control of quackgrass when applied at either the three- or six-leaf stage. Cultivation at 2 days after treatment did not adversely affect level of control obtained. Sethoxydim did not cause any adverse effect on potato yield, but delaying application until the six-leaf stage of quackgrass resulted in yield loss due to quackgrass competition.

scholarly journals Control of Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Canola in Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
Prashant Jha
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Control Volunteer ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola volunteers in GR sugar beet is a management concern for growers in the Northern Great Plains. Field experiments were conducted at the Southern Agricultural Research Center near Huntley, MT, in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Single POST application of triflusulfuron methyl alone at the two-leaf stage of sugar beet was more effective at 35 compared with 17.5 g ai ha−1. However, rate differences were not evident when triflusulfuron methyl was applied as a sequential POST (two-leaf followed by [fb] six-leaf stage of sugar beet) program (17.5 fb 17.5 or 35 fb 35 g ha−1). Volunteer GR canola plants in the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments produced little biomass (11 to 15% of nontreated plots) but a significant amount of seeds (160 to 661 seeds m−2). Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha−1) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha−1) provided effective control (94 to 98% at 30 d after treatment [DAT]), biomass reduction (97%), and seed prevention of volunteer GR canola. There was no additional advantage of adding either desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate premix (44.7 g ha−1) or ethofumesate (140 g ha−1) to the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–only treatments. The sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha−1) treatment provided poor volunteer GR canola control at 30 DAT, and the noncontrolled plants produced 6,361 seeds m−2, which was comparable to the nontreated control (7,593 seeds m−2). Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments reduced GR sugar beet root and sucrose yields to 18 and 20%, respectively. Consistent with GR canola control, sugar beet root and sucrose yields were highest (95 and 91% of hand-weeded plots, respectively) when the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha−1) PRE. Growers should utilize these effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Because of high canola seed production potential, as evident from this research, control efforts should be aimed at preventing seed bank replenishment of the GR canola volunteers.

scholarly journals Viability of Biofertilizer Produced by an Indian Biodigester Prototype Applied to Sunflower Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Luciano Fernandes Moura ◽  
Pedro Felipe Sousa Teixeira ◽  
Franklin Aragão Gondim ◽  
Francisco Holanda Nunes Junior ◽  
Rifandreo Monteiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Biodigesters have been used to convert biomass into biogas and biofertilizers. This energy use has been important for the reduction of solid waste pollution in the environment. This work aims to analyse the viability of the use of pig biofertilizer produced by an Indian biodigester prototype, monitored by a data acquisition system. The biodigester used was an Indian prototype built on a low cost material that is easy to acquire (polyvinyl chloride-PVC). After the biofertilizer production, we tested its efficiency and viability under conditions of vegetation house in the cultivation of sunflower plants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement with 4 concentrations of biofertilizer (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) × 4 harvest periods (14, 21, 25 and 29 days after sowing). We evaluated biometric and vigor parameters by measurements of stem diameter, height of the aerial part, number of leaves and production of fresh and dry matter of roots, aerial and total parts, as well as the relative chlorophyll content. We performed the experiment with five repetitions using two plants each and we submitted the data to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and polynomial regression using the statistical software Sisvar 5.4. The functional Indian biodigester prototype produced a biofertilizer of excellent quality and viability as a biofertilizer for the initial growth of sunflower plants. The biofertilizer served as a nutritional source in the sunflower crop, since it provided increases in all the growth parameters analyzed in relation to the control group (plants in the absence of biofertilizer), especially in the concentration of 120 kg N ha-1.

scholarly journals Influence of Bed Size and Irrigation Methods on Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajanbir Singh ◽  
Amarinder Singh ◽  
Gurbax Singh ◽  
Amritpal Singh ◽  
Gurloveleen Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
The World

Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) popularly known as ‘The King of Vegetables’, has emerged as fourth most important food crop in the world after rice, wheat and maize. Indian vegetables basket is incomplete without potato as its, dry matter, edible energy and edible protein makes it nutritionally superior as well as staple food throughout the world. Methods: The experiment during 2016-2018 was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications to study the effect of bed size on the yield and size of the tuber under different irrigation methods. Results: Maximum yield was obtained in 60cm bed (narrow bed size) whereas in irrigation system drip produced maximum yield. All quality parameters did not influence due to sowing method and irrigation system but chip recovery was more in drip irrigation than furrow system. Maximum yield through interaction was found in drip irrigated 105 cm triple row bed. Around 45-50 per cent water was saved through drip irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation. However, maximum benefit cost ratio was obtained in furrow irrigated 60cm bed size.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Different Irrigation System for Cotton Crop in District Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Day By Day

The biggest responsibility of agriculture department is to produce food and cloth for huge population using the resource getting limited day by day. Water scarcity is most threatening among these limiting factors. New techniques are being developed day by day to utilize the water efficiently. Application of water only in the plant root zone will be one of the water saving technique to grow crops. This will control the losses due to evaporation and leaching. Irrigation to soil does not control the climate variables and precipitation cannot be substituted to irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation could be one of the way to utilize the water efficiently by in time application and reducing the losses of leaching and evaporation along with amelioration of micro climate of the crop. Canals and tube well water is conventionally given to crop through flood irrigation. These fields are in direct threat of evaporation and leaching resulting in excess water losses and damaging the soil quality. The study was designed taking cotton as experimental crop to calculate comparisons in plant growth parameters and yields along with water saving ability of different irrigation system. Maximum yield was obtained from sprinkler irrigation and water was saved under drip irrigation system.

Aqueous ammonia compared with other nitrogenous fertilizers as solids and solutions on grass

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Hodgson ◽  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Single Application

SUMMARYField experiments with Italian ryegrass cut four times a year compared aqueous ammonia with ammonium sulphate and with a mixture of ammonium nitrate and urea (equal parts by weight). In 1963 four rates of nitrogen, 224, 448, 672 and 896 lb/acre, were applied as single and split dressings of injected aqueous ammonia, as solid ammonium sulphate and as injected solution of ammonium sulphate. There was little difference in total dry-matter yield between a single injection of aqueous ammonia and the split dressing of solid. Injecting ammonium sulphate solution eliminated scorch caused by single applications of solid supplying 448 lb N/acre or more and gave significantly greater dry-matter yields. A single application of 448 lb N/acre provided enough nitrogen to sustain the response of the grass to the end of the season.In 1964 a single injection of aqueous ammonia was compared with ammonium nitrate/urea applied as solid or solution at 280, 560 and 840 lb N/acre. There was no difference in total dry-matter yield between aqueous ammonia and ammonium nitrate/urea at rates of 560 and 840 lb/acre. At 280 lb/acre a split dressing of solid produced most dry matter. More than 280 lb N/acre was required, therefore, as a single application in spring to last the whole season, but this rate of nitrogen applied as a split dressing was almost sufficient to give maximum yield.In both experiments the seasonal distribution of dry matter was similar for single and split applications except in 1963 when large single injections of ammonium sulphate produced greater yields at the third cut than the split applications. The percentage of nitrogen recovered in the harvested grass decreased as nitrogen rate was increased and was greater from single than split applications. Recovery of nitrogen from aqueous ammonia was less efficient from four injections than one, and was greater in 1964 than 1963 due to better penetration of the sward by injector tines. Least nitrogen was recovered from surface-applied solutions of ammonium nitrate/urea. Regressions of dry-matter yield on nitrogen yield showed that single injections of aqueous ammonia were as efficient as other fertilizers tested.

GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF OPEN POLLINATED MAIZE (Zea mays) TO TYPES AND RATES OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS IN RAINFOREST TRANSITORY AGROECOLOGY OF NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
S. G. ADERIBIGBE ◽  
O. S. SAKARIYAWO ◽  
A. A. SORETIRE ◽  
A. A. OYEKANMI ◽  
P. A.S. SOREMI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Yield Responses

Sustainable maize (Zea mays) production in resource challenged regions of the world is achievable among others through optimal utilisation of organic fertilisers at varying rates. Field trials were conducted in Abeokuta (Latitude 7010' N and Longitude 3015' E) in the late cropping season of 2010 and 2011. Three commercially available organic fertilisers [(Gateway 1 (GF1), Gateway 2 (GF2) and Sunshine (SF)], at three rates (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and three replicates were used on improved open-pollinated maize variety (Swam 1 yellow). The experiment was laid out in a randomised completely blocked design. GF1 had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest effect on growth parameters (Plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf area Index), with SF the least. A significant depression was observed in most growth parameters at increasing application rates of organic fertiliser, a converse pattern was observed on 1000 grain weight (GW), harvest index and cob length. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) vegetative growth, cob weight and grain yield was observed in 2010 than 2011, while 2011 had longer cobs and more 1000 GW than 2010. GF1 was recommended in Rainforest transitory zone of Nigeria at higher application rates though mediated by environmental factors. Keywords: , , ,   

A Study of the Interface Between THM Grown MCT Crystals and Cdte Seeds.

1990 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Shilo ◽  
E. Kedar ◽  
D. Szafranek
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Planar Interface ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Diffuse Zone ◽  
Unusual Shape

ABSTRACTHgCdTe crystals have been grown from CdTe seeds by the travelling heater method (THM). Three different kinds of interfaces between the growing crystal and the seed were found: a sharp planar interface; a non-planar interface which is caused by meltback near the ampoule walls; a diffuse zone, where an interface cannot be discerned. A correlation was found between the initial growth parameters and the interface structure. Microprobe analysis revealed a boundary layer which, in the case of the planar interface, had an unusual shape. This layer had a thickness varying from 400 to 800 microns. It consisted mostly of HgTe, and contained holes as defects.

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