scholarly journals Bovine Trypanosomosis in three districts of East Gojjam Zone bordering the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adane Mihret ◽  
Gezahagne Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Blood Centrifugation

Background: Bovine trypanosomosis is a serious constraint to agricultural production in extensive areas of Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine infection with trypanosomes and to identify the prevailed trypanosome species in three districts of the East Gojjam zone bordering the Blue Nile River from March 2005 to February 2006. Cattle from 9 different localities were checked using microscopical examination of wet blood smears, thin and stained bloodsmears, and by blood centrifugation followed by the examination of the resultant buffy coats. Result: Of the total 3,360 cattle investigated, 8.2% (3.5%, 11.6% and 9.4% from Dejen, Machakel and Baso-Liben districts respectively) were found to be infected with trypanosomes. Of the total 275 positive animals, 249 (90.5%) appeared to be infected with Trypanosoma vivax; 11 (4%) were infected with T. congolense; and 15 (5.5%) were infected with mixed infection of T. vivax and T. congolense. The prevalence of infection with T. vivax was significantly higher than that of T. congolense (P

scholarly journals Proteinuria and malaria parasite counts in children

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahrani Lubis ◽  
Rusdidjas Rusdidjas ◽  
Rafita Ramayati ◽  
Oke Rina Ramayani ◽  
Rosmayanti S Siregar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urine Dipstick ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

Background Malaria-induced proteinuria has been observed insevere cases of malaria. Few studies have been done to assess foran association between proteinuria and malaria parasite countsbefore the disease becomes severe.Objective To investigate a possible association between proteinuriaand malaria parasite counts in children .Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on school-agedchildren in Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal, between Septemberto November 2010. Malaria was diagnosed by microscopicexamination of peripheral blood smears. Children with malariaunderwent proteinuria t ests by urine dipstick method. Anassociation between proteinuria and malaria parasite counts wasanalyzed using linear regression test.Results Of 181 participants with Plasmodium fak:iparum malaria,53.6% were female and had a mean age of 7.8 years. Subjects'nutritional status were as follows: 50.8% normoweight, 28.2%mild malnutrition, 3 .3% moderate malnutrition, and 17. 7% severemalnutrition. Clinical manifestations showed 36.5% suffered fromsubfebrile temperatures and 29.8% had pallor. Proteinuria occurredin 45.9% participants and there was a weak association betweenproteinuria and malaria parasite counts (raa .261, Paa .0001).Conclusion There is a weak association between proteinuria andmalaria parasite counts in children.

scholarly journals Collateral Impact of Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) for Onchocerciasis on Parasitological Indicators of Loa loa Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Hugues Nana-Djeunga ◽  
Cédric Lenou-Nanga ◽  
Cyrille Donfo-Azafack ◽  
Linda Djune-Yemeli ◽  
Floribert Fossuo-Thotchum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health District ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Blood Smears

Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad spectrum endectocide whose initial indication was onchocerciasis. Although loiasis is not among its indications, IVM also exhibits antiparasitic activity against Loa loa. IVM-based preventive chemotherapies (PCs), so-called community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI), have led to the interruption of transmission of onchocerciasis in some foci. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Yabassi Health District where CDTI have been implemented since 20 years to fight onchocerciasis. All volunteers aged ≥ 5 years underwent daytime calibrated thick blood smears to search for L. loa microfilariae (mf). The prevalence of loiasis was 3.7% (95% CI: 2.2–6.2), significantly lower than its baseline prevalence (12.4%; 95% CI: 10.1–15.2; Chi-Square = 21.4; df = 1; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the microfilarial density was significantly low (mean = 1.8 mf/mL; SD = 13.6; max = 73,600) compared to baseline microfilarial density (mean = 839.3 mf/mL; SD = 6447.1; max = 130,840; Wilcoxon W = 179,904.5; p < 0.0001). This study revealed that the endemicity level of loiasis was significantly low compared to its baseline value, indicating a significant impact of IVM-based PC on this filarial disease. However, transmission is still ongoing, and heavily infected individuals are still found in communities, supporting why some individuals are still experiencing severe adverse events despite > 2 decades of CDTI in this Health District.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Canine Ehrlichiosis and Microscopic Screening for Canine Babesiosis in Dogs in Harare, Zimbabwe, 2016-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Solomon Dhliwayo ◽  
Brighton Chihambakwe ◽  
Knowledge Taonezvi ◽  
Silvester M. Chikerema ◽  
Musavengana T. Tivapasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Common Laboratory

A cross-sectional study was done to determine ehrlichiosis seroprevalence and babesiosis prevalence in dogs that were presented to selected veterinary clinics in Harare. Sera from randomly selected dogs were tested for antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while microscopy of peripheral blood smears was used to confirm babesiosis. Overall, 75.2% (88/117, 95% CI: 66.2–82.5) of sera samples tested were positive to Ehrlichia spp. antibodies while the prevalence of canine babesiosis was 47.9% (56/117, 95% CI: 38.6–57.3). Age, breed, and sex were found not to be associated with the two disease conditions p>0.05. Most of the dogs with babesiosis (82.1%, 46/56) were also positive to Ehrlichia spp. antibodies. Hypoalbuminaemia (53.8%, 63/117), anaemia (53.0%, 62/117) and thrombocytopaenia (40.2%, 47/117) were the most common laboratory findings. Thrombocytopaenia and hypoalbuminaemia was more pronounced in dogs with babesiosis only while anaemia was more marked in dogs with babesiosis and positive to Ehrlichia spp. antibodies.

scholarly journals Detection of hemoparasites in bats, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 16245-16250
Author(s):  
Shariful Islam ◽  
Rakib Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md. Kaisar Rahman ◽  
Jinnat Ferdous ◽  
Md. Helal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Megaderma Lyra

A cross sectional study was conducted (2010–2013) to determine the diversity of hemoprotozoa among bats of Bangladesh.  Microscopic examination of blood smears (N=533; Pteropus medius (377), Rousettus leschenaultii (111), Megaderma lyra (45)) revealed 9% of bats (95% confidence interval CI: 7–12%) were positive for hemoprotozoa.  The overall prevalence of hemoparasites among P. medius was 5% (n=20, 95% CI: 3–8%); where Babesia sp. was 3% (n=12, 95% CI: 2–5%) and Hepatocytis sp. was 2% (n=8, 95% CI: 1–4%).  Moreover, 13% of R. leschenaultii were positive (n=14, 95% CI: 7–20%) where prevalence of Babesia sp. was 10% (n=11, 95% CI: 5–17%) and prevalence of Hepatocystis sp. was 3% (n=3, 95% CI: 1–8%).  Twenty-nine percent (n=13, 95% CI: 16–44%) of M. lyra harbored hemoparasites, among which 20% (n=9, 95% CI: 10–35%) were Babesia sp. and 9% (n=4, 95% CI: 2–21%) were Hepatocystis sp.  The study indicates bats remain important hosts for various zoonotic parasites and suggests further research.

scholarly journals Bovine trypanosomosis and its fly vectors in three selected settlement areas of Hawa-Gelan district, western Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumela Lelisa ◽  
Shihun Shimeles ◽  
Jemere Bekele ◽  
Desie Sheferaw
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Western Ethiopia ◽  
Settlement Areas

A cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the species diversity of fly vectors and estimating the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was carried out from October 2009 to May 2010 in selected settlement areas of the Hawa-Gelan district in the western Wollega zone of Ethiopia. Standard methods of sampling and identification were employed for both entomological and parasitological examination. Three species of the genus Glossina (Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina fuscipes) and two genera of biting flies (Stomoxys and Tabanus) were caught and identified. The overall apparent density of Glossina species caught was 10.5 flies per trap per day, with a higher proportion of female flies (57.2%). Out of a total 389 cattle examined, 42 (10.8%; 95% CI: 7.89% – 14.3%) were found infected with trypanosomes. Three trypanosome species were detected in the study area, namely Trypanosoma congolense (54.8%), Trypanosoma brucei (23.8%) and Trypanosoma vivax (21.4%). The prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cattle with poor body condition. There was an association between mean packed cell volume (PCV) and the occurrence of parasitaemia (χ2 = 49.5, p < 0.05). About 95.2% of cattle that were positive for trypanosomes had a PCV less than the lower limit for cattle. Considering the current result, bovine trypanosomosis seems to be a serious constraint for agricultural activities in the settlement areas of the Hawa-Gelan district and seems to be associated with the presence of Glossina species. Therefore, application of control methods through community involvement to reduce the Glossina species infestation level is likely to increase animal productivity.

scholarly journals Hemolytic anemia in falciparum and vivax malarial patients based on serum bilirubin examination

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Yoyoh Yusroh ◽  
Bidasari Lubis ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu ◽  
Munar Lubis ◽  
Tiangsa Sembiring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
P Values ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Objective To examine hemolysis in falciparum and vivax malarialpatients based on serum bilirubin examination.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on childrenyounger than 15 years of age who visited public health center inthe district of Mandailing Natal with complaints of fever, shivering,pale, jaundice, diarrhea, or headache between April 9 th and April19 th 2001. Variables recorded were age, gender, body weight, bodyheight, symptoms and signs, anti malarial drugs, and laboratorytest results. Thin and thick blood smears were done as diagnostictools of malaria. Thin blood smear was also performed to deter-mine the level of malaria parasites in blood (parasitemia) and toexamine the morphology of red blood cells. Hemolysis was deter-mined by bilirubin examination.Results In P. falciparum malaria, there was a moderate correlation(r=0.68, p<0.0001) between parasitemia and indirect bilirubin con-centration. While in P. vivax malaria, there was only a weak corre-lation (r=0.46, p=0.007) between parasitemia and indirect bilirubinconcentration. It was also found that in falciparum malaria, para-sitemia, total and indirect bilirubin concentrations were significantlyhigher than that in vivax malaria, with p values of 0.009, 0.015 and0.003, respectively.Conclusion Hemolysis in falciparum malaria is more severe thanthat in P. vivax malaria, with marked elevation of indirect bilirubin.The elevation of serum bilirubin correlated with parasitemia

scholarly journals Collateral impact of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) for onchocerciasis on parasitological indicators of Loa loa infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues C Nana Djeunga ◽  
Cédric G Lenou-Nanga ◽  
Cyrille Donfo-Azafack ◽  
Linda Djune-Yemeli ◽  
Floribert Fossuo-Thotchum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health District ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Blood Smears

Abstract Background Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad spectrum endectocide whose initial indication was onchocerciasis. IVM-based preventive chemotherapies (PC), so-called Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI), have led to the interruption of transmission of onchocerciasis in some foci. Although loiasis is not among its indications, IVM also exhibits antiparasitic activity against Loa loa. Because of the geographic overlap of onchocerciasis and loiasis in Central Africa, one would have expected similar trend for loiasis in co-endemic settings. Surprisingly, a recent study revealed that L. loa entomological indices remained almost unchanged after 13 years of CDTI to fight onchocerciasis. This study then aimed to assess whether parasitological indicators of L. loa infection follow the same trends than the previously described entomological indices. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six communities of the Yabassi Health District where CDTI have been implemented since ~ 20 years to fight onchocerciasis. All volunteers aged ≥ 5 years underwent daytime calibrated thick blood smears to search for L. loa microfilariae (mf), then prevalence and intensity of infection were compared to baseline data. Results A total of 376 individuals (55.9% female), aged 5 to 89 years old, were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of loiasis was 3.7% (95% CI: 2.2–6.2), significantly lower than its baseline (12.4%; 95% CI: 10.1–15.2) (Chi-Square = 21.4; df = 1; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the microfilarial density was significantly low (Mean = 1.8 mf/mL; SD = 13.6; max = 73,600) compared to baseline (Mean = 839.3 mf/mL; SD = 6447.1; max = 130,840) (Wilcoxon W = 179904.5; p < 0.0001). Conclusions This study revealed that the prevalence and intensity of L. loa infection were significantly low compared to their baselines, indicating a significant impact of IVM-based PC on this filarial disease. However, transmission is still ongoing, and heavily infected individuals are still found in communities, supporting why some individuals are still experiencing severe adverse events despite > 2 decades of CDTI in this Health District.

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