THE IMAGE OF VIENNA: CITY AS MUSEUM OR DYNAMIC DEVELOPED METROPOLIS?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Mara Liepa-Zemesa

The article discusses trends of Vienna’s architectonic spatial development. Vienna is a city that, one the one hand, lives in its historical arhitecture and city planning and, on the other hand, has allowed innovative building in certain areas. Historical development of Vienna was analyzed, underlining aspects which have had the most impact to the current urban fabric. Since in the federal country of Austria Vienna is a state and a municipality at the same time, it has created its own special planning instruments and regulation for city planning. In achieving more sucessfull city planning results, city planners have admitted that development of informal planning is necessary, paying large attention to involving society in the planning process.

Author(s):  
Xuhui Hu

This chapter summarizes the major points developed throughout the book. The theoretical points of the syntax of events proposed in Chapter 2 are listed. The conclusions on the syntax of English and Chinese resultatives, applicative constructions in various languages, and Chinese non-canonical object and motion event constructions are presented, together with the implications for the verb/satellite-framed typology. The explanation of diachronic change and cross-linguistic variation is summarized, including both the historical development of Chinese resultatives, the variation of resultatives between Chinese and English on the one hand, and English and Romance on the other hand. The Synchronic Grammaticalisation Hypothesis is also summarized.


Languages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dorien Nieuwenhuijsen

In this paper we will describe the historical development of the Spanish doublet ante-antes (‘before’) and explore the question whether a process of exaptation is involved (cf. Lass 1990). We will argue that the final –s of antes, that originally marked the adverbial status of the word, in the course of time had become a kind of morphological ‘junk’ (cf. Lass 1990) and, subsequently, could be exploited in order to encode the semantic opposition between temporal meaning on the one hand, and adversative meaning on the other hand. However, based on quantitative data we will show that the incipient semantic redistribution over the course of the 16th century rather suddenly collapsed, leading to a differentiation between the prepositional ante and adverbial antes.


Author(s):  
Т.К. САЛБИЕВ

В статье предлагается добавить к двум традиционно выделяемым этапам истори- ческого развития Нартиады еще один третий, предполагая, что наряду с родоплеменным и военно-демократическим в своей эволюции она проходит еще и через феодальный этап. С общефольклорной точки зрения они будут соответствовать трем следующим фазам: разрозненные сказания; циклы, образуемые вокруг главных героев; гиперциклизация / це- лостная эпопея. В результате получают иную интерпретацию не только сюжеты и мо- тивы эпопеи, представленные в ней персонажи, но и ее общее содержание, а также в ином свете предстает ее прагматика, то есть место и роль в традиционной культуре в целом. Основой для пересмотра общепринятой точки зрения является пока еще в полной мере не оцененное сообщение «Хронографа» (груз. «Жамтаагмцерели») – «Столетней летопи- си» XIV в. Содержащееся в памятнике отождествление аланской правящей династии с эпическим воинским родом Ахсартаггата позволяет рассматривать Нартиаду как своего рода «Книгу царей». Эпической фигурой, совместившей в своем образе мифологического и исторического царя, следует считать нарта Челахсартага. С одной стороны в его имени распознается связь с родоначальником воинского рода Ахсартага, представляющего мифо- логическую эпоху. С другой стороны, он носит титул исторического средневекового прави- теля Ас-Тархана. Благодаря имени его дочери (Бедуха), которое может рассматриваться как просторечный вариант имени Бурдухан, он может быть отождествлен с аланским царем XII в. Худданом. Сама эпопея в этом случае могла бы рассматриваться как средство легитимизации аланской правящей, то есть исторической, династии на власть. Участие царской династии в событиях эпопеи обеспечивало ей преемственную связь с мифологи- ческой эпохой, что и давало ей необходимое идеологическое обоснование господствующего положения в обществе. The article advances a proposition to add a third feudal stage to the two traditionally distinguished stages of the historical development of the Narts’ epic, suggesting that alongside with the tribal and military-democratic stages of its evolution it goes through the feudal one as well. From a point of view of general folklore, these will correspond to the following three phases: scattered legends – cycles formed around the main characters – hypercyclization / complete epics. As a result, not only the plots and motifs of the epic, the characters represented in it, but also its general content are reconsidered, its pragmatics, i. e., its place and role in traditional culture as a whole are seen in a different light. The basis for the review of the generally accepted theory is a passage from the so-called “Chronograph” (Georgian “Zhamtaagmcereli”), or the “Hundred Year Anniversary” of the XIV century. The identification of the Alanian ruling dynasty with the epic military lineage of Axsærtæggatæ the mentioned work contains makes it possible to consider the Nart epic as a kind of “Book of Kings”. From this point of view, Nart Čelæxsærtæg should be regarded as a hero, in whose image the traits of mythological and historical kin are interwoven. On the one hand, his name recognizes the link with the ancestor of the military family Axsærtæg, representing the mythological era. On the other hand, he holds the title of the historical medieval ruler As-Tarxan. Thanks to the name of his daughter (Bedukha), which can be considered as a vernacular version of the name Burdukhan, he can be identified as Khuddan, the Alanian king of the XIIth c. In this case, the epic itself could be considered as a means of legitimizing the Alan ruling, that is, historical dynasty of power, which thus provided its continuity with the mythological epoch, giving it the necessary ideological basis for the dominant position in the society.


Author(s):  
A.N. Ignatov ◽  
S.A. Toropov

Terrorism and extremism are closely related to social tension, on the one hand, significantly increasing its level, on the other hand, using this factor to achieve their criminal goals. The conditions of social tension are a factor that determines the need to make adjustments to typical algorithms for investigating crimes of an extremist and terrorist nature in order to build versions in a timely manner at the initial and subsequent stages of the investigation, optimize the planning process on the case, and implement investigative actions, including in conditions of opposition from stakeholders. persons. The features of the production of such investigative actions in the investigation of crimes of an extremist and terrorist nature in conditions of social tension, such as an inspection of the scene, search, interrogation, as well as some features of the appointment and production of expert examinations.


Author(s):  
Ли Цун

Теория ориентализма Э. Саида дает возможность нового прочтения «Фрегата «Паллада» И.А. Гончарова. С одной стороны, автор рассматривает Запад как традиционную доминирующую культуру, осуществляющую экспансию на Восток, с другой стороны, он пытается понять восточные страны в их историческом развитии и дает им более объективную оценку, чем западные писатели. The theory of orientalism by E. Said allows for a different reading of I.A. Goncharov’s «Frigate «Pallada». On the one hand, the author considers the West as a traditional dominant culture that is expanding to the East, but, on the other hand, he tries to understand the Eastern countries in their historical development and gives them a more objective assessment than Western writers usually do.


Author(s):  
Michael A. Kraus ◽  
Thomas Braml ◽  
Michael Breitenberger

<p>The planning methods of Building Information Modeling (BIM) are already used as standard for the planning of buildings and bridges. 3-D models of the structures are created. From these 3-D models, 2-D drawings are derived and made available to the construction site for construction. This derivation of 2-D drawings takes a lot of work and questions the continuous digital planning process. New ways have to be developed how the information is brought from the office to the construction site and how this information is made available digitally to the workers. On the other hand, in-situ collection and post-processing of data is a highly topical issue. The techniques of Virtual and Augmented Reality look promising for that purpose. This article on the one hand shows the potentials of data glasses inside a modern BIM approach for the whole civil engineering context and on the other hand presents concepts as well as first experiences with the use of data glasses for the construction of building components within a BIM work flow. It can be shown, that data glasses are very well suited and promising for the use of transferring planning information to the construction site and vice versa.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-441
Author(s):  
S. Petrova

The article considers values as one of the defining elements of culture. It is noted that culture in the value aspect is a kind of social mechanism that allows a person to navigate in the surrounding space. Value ensures the integration of society, helps a person make the right (socially approved) decision. In the course of the historical development of a society, several parallel processes take place in its culture: development, modernization and preservation, stability, and continuity. On the one hand, culture absorbs or creates new values, and on the other hand, it preserves its identity. The integrity of culture is guaranteed by social selection. Any culture retains at its core only what corresponds to its logic.


Author(s):  
Jaime Almeida

Analisa as relações entre a formação do arquiteto e a universidade sob o ponto de vista do ensino de arquitetura. O artigo argumenta em favor da inserção desse ensino no contexto universitário (disciplinas universitárias afins). A escola, ou Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de Brasília (FAU/ UnB) é o principal objeto de análise. O artigo aponta, como um sério obstáculo ao intercâmbio acadêmico, a forma como o ensino de projeto é ministrado. A análise compara duas concepções existentes sobre esse ensino, uma denominada disciplinar e outra universitária. O método de ensino de projeto correspondente à disciplinar é denominado de programa-projeto ou análise-síntese, e o segundo, de projeto conceituai. Para o primeiro, a universidade é um ambiente neutro; para o segundo, uma necessidade. O artigo argumenta em favor da inserção da arquitetura na universidade. Dois aspectos interdependentes são enfatizados: a formação intelectual e investigativa (pesquisa) dos estudantes. Abstract This paper deals with the relationship between the architectural and the university teaching. The description of design teaching of architecture of the University of Brasilia including a summary on its historical development is taken as the main example. This paper argues for straightening the relations between the school of architecture with the university teaching. On the other hand, this paper points out some existing problems that may difficult such an academic interrelationship. For example, the way as the design is teaching (drawing class) and the school is organized are the hey aspects analysed. The analysis compares the disciplinary teaching of architecture to comprehensive teaching of the university. The process of teaching design, called conceptual design, stresses two important aims. On the one hand, this teaching method opposes to the usual teaching, known as analysis-synthesis, by improving the academic background of architectural students. On the other hand, the method improves the insertion of the architectural school in the university. Résumé Les rapports entre la formation de l'architecte et l'Université. La prise de position en faveur de l'insertion de cet enseignement dans le contexte universitaire (disciplines universitaires associées). La Faculté d'Architecture et Urbanisme de l'Université de Brasilia est I 'object de l'analyse. L'enseignement actuel du project comme un obstacle sérieux à l'échange académique. Deux conceptions de cet enseignement restreint sont nommées programme-plan ou analyse-sinthèse, et l'autre, conceptuelle. Pour la première méthode, l'insertion dans le contexte universitaire est indifférente, tandis que pour la deuxième méthode, elle est indispensable. Deux aspects liés sont mis en relief: la formation intellectuelle des étudiants et la recherche. Resumen Este artículo estudia las relaciones entre la formación del arquitecto y la universidad desde el punto de vista de la enseñanza de la arquitectura. Introducimos argumentos favorables a la inclusión de esta enseñanza en el ámbito universitário (en especial con las matérias disciplinares comunes). La Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Brasilia es nuestro punto focal. Nuestro escrito señala que la forma como la matéria de proyecto es enseñada es el principal obstáculo para que se realize verdadero intercámbio académico. Comparamos dos concepciones sobre la forma de enseñar: una, que denominamos disciplinar y otra universitária. Cuando corresponde a la primera forma el método se llama programa-proyecto o análisis-síntesis. Ya cuando corresponde al segundo se llama proyecto conceptual. Para el primero, la universidad es un ambiente neutro y para el segundo es una necessidad. Argumentamos en favor de la inclusión de la arquitectura en la universidad. Destacanse dos aspectos: la formacción intelectual y la investigación por parte de los alumnos.


2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Van der Watt

The fourth centenary celebration of the Synod of Dordrecht 1618/19, as well as the twenty fifth commemoration of the birth of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa—both having been celebrated in 2019—naturally leads to the question of the relation between the two historical events. In the historical development leading to the formation of separate churches in the “Dutch Reformed Family of Churches,” a distinct interpretation of election based on grace alone, as decided upon by the Synod of Dordrecht, played a major role. In this historical process of the formation of separate churches the 1857 synod decision by the Dutch Reformed Church has been a watershed moment; it not only brought a separation between people around the Lord’s table, but also a division between confession on the one hand and the practical ministry embodying the confession on the other hand. The 1857 decision eventually led to the necessity of the Belhar Confession in 1986. The Belhar Confession deliberately seeks a linkage to the central Reformed doctrine of “election by grace alone.” The Dutch Reformed Church’s inability and unwillingness to accept the Belhar Confession remain a tragic reality.


Author(s):  
José M.C. Belo

Resumo De que falamos quando pretendemos falar da história da ciência no ensino? Falamos do ensino da(s) ciência(s)? Falamos do ensino da história da ciência? Falamos de ambos? Se falamos do ensino de história da ciência, então poderíamos falar de todas as disciplinas (unidades curriculares) que constituem o currículo porque, de algum modo, a ciência – a sua história – é transversal a todas. Por outro lado, se falamos da história da ciência como adjuvante do ensino das ciências - do lugar que a história da ciência deve ocupar no quadro do ensino das ciências - então estaremos a falar de algo bem diferente que tem merecidamente ocupado muitos dos que se preocupam com estas questões. Pela nossa parte, na necessariamente breve reflexão que vamos efetuar, tentaremos pôr em relevo, por um lado, a importância do conhecimento do desenvolvimento histórico da atividade científica como elemento agregador e motivador para todos os estudantes de ciências, ao mesmo tempo que evidenciaremos o modo como o discurso didático está carregado de elementos causadores de ruído no processo de comunicação didática. Palavras-chave: história da ciência; comunicação didática; paradigmas Abstract What do we talk about when we want to talk about the history of science in education? Are we talking about science(s) teaching? Are we talking about the teaching of the history of science? Are we talking about both? If we talk about the teaching of the history of science, then we could speak of all the disciplines (curricular units) that constitute the curriculum because, in some way, science - its history - is transversal to all of them. On the other hand, if we speak of the history of science as an adjunct to science teaching - the place that history of science must occupy in science teaching - then we are talking about something quite different that has deservedly occupied many of those who care about these issues. On our part, in the necessarily brief reflection that we are going to make, we will try to highlight, on the one hand, the importance of the knowledge of the historical development of scientific activity as an aggregator and motivator for all students of science, and, at the same time, we will try to show the way as the didactic discourse is loaded with elements that cause noise in the process of didactic communication. Keywords: history of science; didactic communication; paradigms


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