scholarly journals Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers

10.3791/53273 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Pacholski
Keyword(s):  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Passive Samplers

scholarly journals Relationships between Passive Sampler and Continuous Ozone (O3) Measurement Data in Ecological Effects Research

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krupa ◽  
M. Nosal
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Sampler ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Continuous Monitor

In ecological effects research, there is a rapid increase in the application of passive sampling techniques for measuring ambient ozone (O3) concentrations. Passive samplers provide data on cumulative exposures of a plant to a pollutant. However, O3is not an accumulative contaminant within the plant tissue, and use of prolonged passive sampling durations cannot account for the dynamics of the occurrences of O3that have a significant influence on the plant response. Therefore, a stochastic Weibull probability model was previously developed and applied to a site in Washington State (1650 m MSL) to simulate the cumulative exposure data from a passive sampler, to mimic the corresponding frequency distributions of hourly O3concentrations that would otherwise have been obtained by continuous monitoring. At that site the correlation between the actual passive sampler and the continuous monitor data was R2 = 0.74. The simulation of the hourly O3data was based on and compared with the results obtained from a colocated continuous monitor. In this paper we report the results of the model application to data from an unrelated monitoring site (New Hampshire, 476 m MSL) with poor correlation between the passive sampling and continuous monitoring (R2 = 0.24). In addition, as opposed to the previous work, we provide comparisons of the frequency distributions of the hourly O3concentrations obtained by the simulation and the actual continuous monitoring. In spite of the major difference in the R2 values, at both sites the simulation provided very satisfactory results within the 95% confidence interval, suggesting its broad applicability. The final objective of this overall approach is to develop a generic model that can simulate reasonably well the occurrences of ambient O3concentrations that are dependent upon the elevation of the measurement site and the synoptic and local meteorology. Such an effort would extend the relative utility of the passive sampling data in explaining stochastic plant responses.

Effect of the orientation and fluid flow on the accumulation of organotin compounds to Chemcatcher passive samplers

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ahkola ◽  
J. Juntunen ◽  
M. Laitinen ◽  
K. Krogerus ◽  
T. Huttula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Organotin Compounds ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Sampling Process

The effect of environmental conditions on the passive sampling process should be understood to estimate the concentration of chemical required by environmental legislation.

Passive sampling for volatile organic compounds in indoor air-controlled laboratory comparison of four sampler types

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 896-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd McAlary ◽  
Hester Groenevelt ◽  
Stephen Disher ◽  
Jason Arnold ◽  
Suresh Seethapathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Volatile Organic

Chamber tests were conducted using 4 passive samplers, 10 VOCs, and three levels of temperature, humidity, velocity, duration and concentration.

Modelling permeation passive sampling: intra-particle resistance to mass transfer and comprehensive sensitivity analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten Salim ◽  
Marios Ioannidis ◽  
Alexander Penlidis ◽  
Tadeusz Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Porous Particles ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Porous Adsorbents

A mathematical model developed previously to describe the sampling process in permeation passive samplers with non-porous adsorbents and evaluated using the Waterloo Membrane Sampler (WMS) is here extended to include adsorbents with porous particles.

scholarly journals Comparison of sampling methodologies for nutrient monitoring in streams: uncertainties, costs and implications for mitigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4721-4731 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Audet ◽  
L. Martinsen ◽  
B. Hasler ◽  
H. de Jonge ◽  
E. Karydi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Reliable Monitoring ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

Abstract. Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems caused by excess concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus may have harmful consequences for biodiversity and poses a health risk to humans via water supplies. Reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus losses to aquatic ecosystems involves implementation of costly measures, and reliable monitoring methods are therefore essential to select appropriate mitigation strategies and to evaluate their effects. Here, we compare the performances and costs of three methodologies for the monitoring of nutrients in rivers: grab sampling; time-proportional sampling; and passive sampling using flow-proportional samplers. Assuming hourly time-proportional sampling to be the best estimate of the "true" nutrient load, our results showed that the risk of obtaining wrong total nutrient load estimates by passive samplers is high despite similar costs as the time-proportional sampling. Our conclusion is that for passive samplers to provide a reliable monitoring alternative, further development is needed. Grab sampling was the cheapest of the three methods and was more precise and accurate than passive sampling. We conclude that although monitoring employing time-proportional sampling is costly, its reliability precludes unnecessarily high implementation expenses.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Modelling of Butyltin Compounds in Finnish Inland Lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Ahkola ◽  
Janne Juntunen ◽  
Kirsti Krogerus ◽  
Timo Huttula
Keyword(s):  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Inland Lake ◽  
Butyltin Compounds

Abstract Butyltin compounds (BTCs) in surface waters is seldom studied due to their low concentrations and limitations of analytical techniques. In this study we measured total concentration of BTCs with grab water sampling, dissolved concentration with passive samplers and particle bound fraction with sedimentation traps in Finnish inland lake. The sampling was conducted from May to September during two study years. The differences between sampling techniques and the concentrations were obvious. E.g. tributyltin (TBT) was detected only in 4-24 % of the grab samples when the detection with passive samplers was 93% and with sedimentation traps 50%. The dissolved BTC concentrations measured with grab and passive sampling suggested hydrological differences between the study years. This was confirmed with flow velocity measurements. However, the annual difference was not observed in BTC concentrations of settled particle.The extreme value analysis suggested that grab sampling and sedimentation trap sampling results contain more extreme peak values than passive sampling. This indicates that BTCs are present in surface water in trace concentrations despite they are not detected with all the sampling techniques. The assumption that WWTP, located in the study area, was the source of BTCs was not valid as elevated BTC concentrations were detected also at the reference site, located upstream of WWTP. Computational modelling and back tracking simulations also supported the concept that WWTP cannot be the only source but BTCs can come even from upstream of the sampling area where there is e.g. wood processing industry.

scholarly journals Development of method of isolation and purification of PAHs from exposed semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) prior to GC-MS analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Klučárová ◽  
Eva Benická ◽  
Branislav Vrana
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane Devices ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Surface water pollution by organic contaminants was investigated using passive sampling by semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), based on free transfer of analyte (diffusion) from water into receiving phase of sampler. The work was aimed at isolation method of contaminants from passive samplers extracts and instrumental analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Gel permeation chromatography after silica gel sample cleanup was used as a method for cleaning the extracts of passive samplers from interfering Triolein, the receiving phase in the samplers. The efficiency of isolation and cleaning was determined for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a target group of contaminants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in the obtained fraction by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Introduction to Maxxam All-Season Passive Sampling System and Principles of Proper Use of Passive Samplers in the Field Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Pollution Detection

Maxxam all-season passive sampling system (PASS) is introduced in this paper. The PASS can be used to quantitatively and accurately monitor SO2, NO2, O3, and H2S in air in all weather conditions with flexible exposure times from several hours to several months. The air pollution detection limits of PASS are very low. They can be from sub ppb to ppt levels. The principles of proper use of passive samplers in the field study are discussed by using the PASS as an example.

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