scholarly journals Application of Passive Sampling Technique for Monitoring of BTEX Concentration in Urban Air: Field Comparison of Different Types of Passive Samplers

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zabiegala ◽  
M. Urbanowicz ◽  
K. Szymanska ◽  
J. Namiesnik
Keyword(s):  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Passive Samplers, a Powerful Tool to Detect Viruses and Bacteria in Marine Coastal Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Vincent-Hubert ◽  
Candice Wacrenier ◽  
Benjamin Morga ◽  
Solen Lozach ◽  
Emmanuelle Quenot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Current Detection

The detection of viruses and bacteria which can pose a threat either to shellfish health or shellfish consumers remains difficult. The current detection methods rely on point sampling of water, a method that gives a snapshot of the microorganisms present at the time of sampling. In order to obtain better representativeness of the presence of these microorganisms over time, we have developed passive sampling using the adsorption capacities of polymer membranes. Our objectives here were to assess the feasibility of this methodology for field detection. Different types of membrane were deployed in coastal waters over 2 years and the microorganisms tested using qPCR were: human norovirus (NoV) genogroups (G)I and II, sapovirus, Vibrio spp. and the species Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus, OsHV-1 virus, and bacterial markers of fecal contamination. NoV GII, Vibrio spp., and the AllBac general Bacteroidales marker were quantified on the three types of membrane. NoV GII and OsHV-1 viruses followed a seasonal distribution. All membranes were favorable for NoV GII detection, while Zetapor was more adapted for OsHV-1 detection. Nylon was more adapted for detection of Vibrio spp. and the AllBac marker. The quantities of NoV GII, AllBac, and Vibrio spp. recovered on membranes increased with the duration of exposure. This first application of passive sampling in seawater is particularly promising in terms of an early warning system for the prevention of contamination in oyster farming areas and to improve our knowledge on the timing and frequency of disease occurence.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Kedelai terhadap Kualitas Biskuit

Media Wisata ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heni Susilowati ◽  
Adi Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
P Value ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sensory Tests

The research entitled The Effect of Substitution of Soybean Flour on Biscuit Quality is a type of research using a quantitative approach with an experimental method. The purpose is to know the effect of quality biscuits with soybean flour substitution with a different percentage that is equal to 50%, 25% and 10% viewed from the aspect of colour, flavour, aroma and texture. The experiments used 3 different types of treatment on the percentage of soy flour used ie, biscuit A with 50% soy flour, biscuit B with 25% soy flour, and C biscuits with 10% soy flour. Methods of data collection using subjective assessment of sensory tests taken from the results of a panellist assessment that includes assessment of colour, aroma, taste and texture on biscuits. The panel of researchers was 30 people taken by random sampling technique with considerations that included panellist knowledge about the sensory properties of biscuits in general. Methods of data analysis to test the hypothesis using the analysis of single classification variables and Tukey test, previously conducted precariat test that is homogeneity test and normality test. The result of the research with Anova test seen from the color aspect shows that (significant value (p-value) <0,05 = 0,000 <0,05) shows that there is significant difference from three substitution biscuit substitution biscuit, while from aroma aspect shows significant (p-value) <0,05 = 0,008 <0,05) indicated that there were significant differences from the three soybean substitution biscuit samples. Seen from the texture aspect showed (significant value (p-value) <0,05 = 0,000 <0,05) indicated that there was significant difference from three sample of soybean substitution biscuit. In terms of taste taste (significant value (p-value) <0.05 = 0.005 <0.05) indicates that there are significant differences from the three soybean substitution biscuit samples.

Hazard Identification and Probablistic Scenario Selection for Shipship Collision Accidents

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (A1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Probability Density Distribution ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Accident Scenarios

In collision risk-based design frameworks it is necessary to accurately define and select a set of credible scenarios to be used in the quantitative assessment and management of the collision risk between two ships. Prescriptive solutions and empirical knowledge are commonly used in current maritime industries, but are often insufficient for innovation because they can result in unfavourable design loads and may not address all circumstances of accidents involved. In this study, an innovative method using probabilistic approaches is proposed to identify relevant groups of ship-ship collision accident scenarios that collectively represent all possible scenarios. Ship-ship collision accidents and near-misses recently occurred worldwide are collated for the period of 21 years during 1991 to 2012. Collision scenarios are then described using a set of parameters that are treated individually as random variables and analysed by statistical methods to define the ranges and variability to formulate the probability density distribution for each scenario. As the consideration of all scenarios would not be practical, a sampling technique is applied to select a certain number of prospective collision scenarios. Applied examples for different types of vessels are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method.

Sampling in Research

2016 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Never Mujere
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Size Determination ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Needed Information ◽  
Different Types

Research is aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. A sample provides needed information about the population quickly. However, there is no guarantee that any sample will be precisely representative of the population from which it comes. It is cheaper to observe a part rather than the whole. This chapter is a discussion on sampling in research and it is mainly designed to equip researchers with knowledge of the general issues to consider when sampling. The purpose of sampling in research, dangers of sampling and how to minimize them, types of sampling and guides for deciding the sample size are discussed. For a clear flow of ideas, a few definitions of the terms used are given. They highlight the types and methods of sampling, sampling errors and discusses techniques of sample size determination. Different types of sampling technique, how to carry them out, and their advantages and disadvantages are also introduced.

scholarly journals Relationships between Passive Sampler and Continuous Ozone (O3) Measurement Data in Ecological Effects Research

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krupa ◽  
M. Nosal
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Sampler ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Continuous Monitor

In ecological effects research, there is a rapid increase in the application of passive sampling techniques for measuring ambient ozone (O3) concentrations. Passive samplers provide data on cumulative exposures of a plant to a pollutant. However, O3is not an accumulative contaminant within the plant tissue, and use of prolonged passive sampling durations cannot account for the dynamics of the occurrences of O3that have a significant influence on the plant response. Therefore, a stochastic Weibull probability model was previously developed and applied to a site in Washington State (1650 m MSL) to simulate the cumulative exposure data from a passive sampler, to mimic the corresponding frequency distributions of hourly O3concentrations that would otherwise have been obtained by continuous monitoring. At that site the correlation between the actual passive sampler and the continuous monitor data was R2 = 0.74. The simulation of the hourly O3data was based on and compared with the results obtained from a colocated continuous monitor. In this paper we report the results of the model application to data from an unrelated monitoring site (New Hampshire, 476 m MSL) with poor correlation between the passive sampling and continuous monitoring (R2 = 0.24). In addition, as opposed to the previous work, we provide comparisons of the frequency distributions of the hourly O3concentrations obtained by the simulation and the actual continuous monitoring. In spite of the major difference in the R2 values, at both sites the simulation provided very satisfactory results within the 95% confidence interval, suggesting its broad applicability. The final objective of this overall approach is to develop a generic model that can simulate reasonably well the occurrences of ambient O3concentrations that are dependent upon the elevation of the measurement site and the synoptic and local meteorology. Such an effort would extend the relative utility of the passive sampling data in explaining stochastic plant responses.

Effect of the orientation and fluid flow on the accumulation of organotin compounds to Chemcatcher passive samplers

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ahkola ◽  
J. Juntunen ◽  
M. Laitinen ◽  
K. Krogerus ◽  
T. Huttula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Organotin Compounds ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Sampling Process

The effect of environmental conditions on the passive sampling process should be understood to estimate the concentration of chemical required by environmental legislation.

Passive sampling as a tool for determination of micro-organic compounds in groundwater resources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Mali ◽  
Anja Koroša ◽  
Primož Auersperger
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Grab Sampling

&lt;p&gt;Micro-organic (MO) compounds have been recognized as an important factor in environmental pollution. Developments in a range of analytical techniques are expanding the number of MOs that can be detected in groundwater. They may not be new contaminants, but recently detected using improved sampling and analytical methods. Monitoring programmes for groundwater are largely based on the collection of grab (spot) samples. One of the methods to determine the presence of organic compounds in groundwater v can also be passive sampling. Contrary to grab sampling, passive sampling is less sensitive to accidental extreme variations of the organic compounds concentrations in groundwater and it also allows determination of a large range of contaminants at once. A passive sampler can cover a long sampling period, integrating the pollutant concentration over time. This paper presents the application of the passive sampling technique for monitoring organic pollutants within the four major alluvial aquifers in Slovenia used for water supply. Passive samples were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the interpretation of chromatograms, the AMDIS deconvolution was used. The deconvolution was covered by the GC-MS library with retention times for 921 organic contaminants from Agilent USA, as well as by the NIST 2008 library of mass spectra. Most frequently detected MO substances were classified in different pollutant groups with respect to their origin (urban source, agriculture or industry). Based on the results, a comparison of the presence of MOs in the present aquifers was made. Passive sampling with active carbon fibres was proved to be an appropriate method for monitoring micro-organic pollutants in groundwater.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals AUTONOMY OF TEACHER EDUCATORS TEACHING B.ED. COURSE IN DELHI

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Zaidi R.F ◽  
Khan W.A ◽  
Kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Teacher Autonomy ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
Gender Type

Purpose-Teacher autonomy is one of the important research topics and has got centre place in the field of teacher education. The main purpose of autonomy is to develop the ability to organize and direct their own teaching and learning inside and outside the classroom. Hence, the present study is an attempt to explore the Autonomy of teacher educators teaching in B.Ed. colleges in Delhi concerning their gender, type of institutions and subject of teaching. Methodology-Overall 100 teacher educators working in different types of B.Ed. colleges of Delhi were taken as sample by stratified random sampling technique. Teacher Autonomy scale (TAS) constructed by Pearson and Moomaw (2006) was used to collect data. The data was analyzed with the help of descriptive analysis and test of significance. Findings -The result showed that moderate level of autonomy was found among teacher educators and there was statistically a significant difference for type of institutions and no difference for gender and subject of teaching was found among teacher educators of Delhi. Significance- Teacher educators are teacher of teachers are mainly responsible to train teachers as autonomous teachers. To develop autonomy among perspective teachers, to make our teacher autonomous practitioner we should trained them in such a way that they have good chance of autonomous learning. It can only be possible if teacher educators have autonomous approach. Teacher educators autonomy should not be confined to the classroom but it also include curricular and research autonomy and teacher should have freedom to reflect and innovate to improve his teaching and learning process. KEY WORDS: Autonomy, Teacher educators, Government B.Ed. institutions, Self-financed B.Ed. institutions

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