Comment on “Global Aquatic Passive Sampling (AQUA-GAPS): Using Passive Samplers to Monitor POPs in the Waters of the World”

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 4385-4385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian-jun Bao ◽  
Eddy Y. Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Relationships between Passive Sampler and Continuous Ozone (O3) Measurement Data in Ecological Effects Research

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krupa ◽  
M. Nosal
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Sampler ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Continuous Monitor

In ecological effects research, there is a rapid increase in the application of passive sampling techniques for measuring ambient ozone (O3) concentrations. Passive samplers provide data on cumulative exposures of a plant to a pollutant. However, O3is not an accumulative contaminant within the plant tissue, and use of prolonged passive sampling durations cannot account for the dynamics of the occurrences of O3that have a significant influence on the plant response. Therefore, a stochastic Weibull probability model was previously developed and applied to a site in Washington State (1650 m MSL) to simulate the cumulative exposure data from a passive sampler, to mimic the corresponding frequency distributions of hourly O3concentrations that would otherwise have been obtained by continuous monitoring. At that site the correlation between the actual passive sampler and the continuous monitor data was R2 = 0.74. The simulation of the hourly O3data was based on and compared with the results obtained from a colocated continuous monitor. In this paper we report the results of the model application to data from an unrelated monitoring site (New Hampshire, 476 m MSL) with poor correlation between the passive sampling and continuous monitoring (R2 = 0.24). In addition, as opposed to the previous work, we provide comparisons of the frequency distributions of the hourly O3concentrations obtained by the simulation and the actual continuous monitoring. In spite of the major difference in the R2 values, at both sites the simulation provided very satisfactory results within the 95% confidence interval, suggesting its broad applicability. The final objective of this overall approach is to develop a generic model that can simulate reasonably well the occurrences of ambient O3concentrations that are dependent upon the elevation of the measurement site and the synoptic and local meteorology. Such an effort would extend the relative utility of the passive sampling data in explaining stochastic plant responses.

Effect of the orientation and fluid flow on the accumulation of organotin compounds to Chemcatcher passive samplers

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ahkola ◽  
J. Juntunen ◽  
M. Laitinen ◽  
K. Krogerus ◽  
T. Huttula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Organotin Compounds ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Sampling Process

The effect of environmental conditions on the passive sampling process should be understood to estimate the concentration of chemical required by environmental legislation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pesticides in Krško-Brežice polje aquifer

Geologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-288
Author(s):  
Nina MALI ◽  
Anja KOROŠA ◽  
Janko URBANC
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The World

Groundwater pollution with pesticides is a problem that occurs all over the world as well as in Slovenia. Considering the past high loads of groundwater with pesticides, the purpose of the presented research was to determine the presence of pesticides in the groundwater of Krško-Brežiško polje in the period 2018-2019 and to check the applicability of the passive sampling method. A total of 21 groundwater samples were taken at 11 locations and 2 samples each in the Sava and Krka rivers. We identified 15 pesticides and their degradation products. Atrazine and its degradation product desethylatrazine were most frequently determined in groundwater samples. They are followed by desethylterbutylazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor and simazine. Atrazine, desethylatrazine, chlortoluron, metolachlor and terbuthylazine were detected in surface water. A total of 24 samples were taken in groundwater and surface water using the qualitative passive sampling method. We singled out 8 pesticides that appear in two campaigns. The frequency and occurrence of individual pesticides by both methods are comparable. Passive sampling has proven to be an appropriate method of identifying the presence of pesticides. The highest loads in the Krško-Brežiško field arise from the agricultural land areas. Groundwater is more contaminated with pesticides in the central part of the field in the direction of groundwater flow from west to east. In the groundwater of the Krško-Brežice field, atrazine and desethylatrazine are still the most frequently detected pesticides with higher concentrations, despite a 20 years long ban on the use of atrazine-based plant protection products.

Passive sampling for volatile organic compounds in indoor air-controlled laboratory comparison of four sampler types

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 896-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd McAlary ◽  
Hester Groenevelt ◽  
Stephen Disher ◽  
Jason Arnold ◽  
Suresh Seethapathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Volatile Organic

Chamber tests were conducted using 4 passive samplers, 10 VOCs, and three levels of temperature, humidity, velocity, duration and concentration.

Modelling permeation passive sampling: intra-particle resistance to mass transfer and comprehensive sensitivity analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten Salim ◽  
Marios Ioannidis ◽  
Alexander Penlidis ◽  
Tadeusz Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Porous Particles ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Porous Adsorbents

A mathematical model developed previously to describe the sampling process in permeation passive samplers with non-porous adsorbents and evaluated using the Waterloo Membrane Sampler (WMS) is here extended to include adsorbents with porous particles.

scholarly journals Comparison of sampling methodologies for nutrient monitoring in streams: uncertainties, costs and implications for mitigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4721-4731 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Audet ◽  
L. Martinsen ◽  
B. Hasler ◽  
H. de Jonge ◽  
E. Karydi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Reliable Monitoring ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

Abstract. Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems caused by excess concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus may have harmful consequences for biodiversity and poses a health risk to humans via water supplies. Reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus losses to aquatic ecosystems involves implementation of costly measures, and reliable monitoring methods are therefore essential to select appropriate mitigation strategies and to evaluate their effects. Here, we compare the performances and costs of three methodologies for the monitoring of nutrients in rivers: grab sampling; time-proportional sampling; and passive sampling using flow-proportional samplers. Assuming hourly time-proportional sampling to be the best estimate of the "true" nutrient load, our results showed that the risk of obtaining wrong total nutrient load estimates by passive samplers is high despite similar costs as the time-proportional sampling. Our conclusion is that for passive samplers to provide a reliable monitoring alternative, further development is needed. Grab sampling was the cheapest of the three methods and was more precise and accurate than passive sampling. We conclude that although monitoring employing time-proportional sampling is costly, its reliability precludes unnecessarily high implementation expenses.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Modelling of Butyltin Compounds in Finnish Inland Lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Ahkola ◽  
Janne Juntunen ◽  
Kirsti Krogerus ◽  
Timo Huttula
Keyword(s):  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Inland Lake ◽  
Butyltin Compounds

Abstract Butyltin compounds (BTCs) in surface waters is seldom studied due to their low concentrations and limitations of analytical techniques. In this study we measured total concentration of BTCs with grab water sampling, dissolved concentration with passive samplers and particle bound fraction with sedimentation traps in Finnish inland lake. The sampling was conducted from May to September during two study years. The differences between sampling techniques and the concentrations were obvious. E.g. tributyltin (TBT) was detected only in 4-24 % of the grab samples when the detection with passive samplers was 93% and with sedimentation traps 50%. The dissolved BTC concentrations measured with grab and passive sampling suggested hydrological differences between the study years. This was confirmed with flow velocity measurements. However, the annual difference was not observed in BTC concentrations of settled particle.The extreme value analysis suggested that grab sampling and sedimentation trap sampling results contain more extreme peak values than passive sampling. This indicates that BTCs are present in surface water in trace concentrations despite they are not detected with all the sampling techniques. The assumption that WWTP, located in the study area, was the source of BTCs was not valid as elevated BTC concentrations were detected also at the reference site, located upstream of WWTP. Computational modelling and back tracking simulations also supported the concept that WWTP cannot be the only source but BTCs can come even from upstream of the sampling area where there is e.g. wood processing industry.

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