scholarly journals Relationships between attentional blink magnitude, RSVP target accuracy, and performance on other cognitive tasks

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1472-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Arnell ◽  
Ashley E. Howe ◽  
Marc F. Joanisse ◽  
Raymond M. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Attentional Blink Magnitude ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals The effects of cannabis use on salience attribution: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surapi Bhairavi Wijayendran ◽  
Aisling O’Neill ◽  
Sagnik Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Aberrant Salience ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Use

ObjectiveThe relationship between cannabis use and the onset of psychosis is well established. Aberrant salience processing is widely thought to underpin many of these symptoms. Literature explicitly investigating the relationship between aberrant salience processing and cannabis use is scarce; with those few studies finding that acute tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration (the main psychoactive component of cannabis) can result in abnormal salience processing in healthy cohorts, mirroring that observed in psychosis. Nevertheless, the extent of and mechanisms through which cannabis has a modulatory effect on aberrant salience, following both acute and chronic use, remain unclear.MethodsHere, we systematically review recent findings on the effects of cannabis use – either through acute THC administration or in chronic users – on brain regions associated with salience processing (through functional MRI data); and performance in cognitive tasks that could be used as either direct or indirect measures of salience processing. We identified 13 studies either directly or indirectly exploring salience processing. Three types of salience were identified and discussed – incentive/motivational, emotional/affective, and attentional salience.ResultsThe results demonstrated an impairment of immediate salience processing, following acute THC administration. Amongst the long-term cannabis users, normal salience performance appeared to be underpinned by abnormal neural processes.ConclusionsOverall, the lack of research specifically exploring the effects of cannabis use on salience processing, weaken any conclusions drawn. Additional research explicitly focussed on salience processing and cannabis use is required to advance our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the association between cannabis use and development of psychosis.

Does Group Training Work for Adults? A Study on Computer-Based Shop Floor Control Training

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hao Tang ◽  
Li-Chen Tsai ◽  
Chien-Hui Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Shop Floor Control ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Floor Control ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Training Efficiency

This research investigates how group training impacts experienced workers in computer-based cognitive tasks, and use both mean performance and performance variance to address issues regarding training efficiency. The analysis suggests that lower achievers are benefited more from group training, and the performance variance for the individual group is significantly larger than groups of two and three trainees.

Habituation and Cognitive Performance: Relationships Between Measures at Four Years of Age and Earlier Assessments

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores J. Miller ◽  
Gail Spiridigliozzi ◽  
Ellen B. Ryan ◽  
Mary P. Callan ◽  
Joan E. Mclaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Median Split ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Visual Habituation

Relationships between measures of visual habituation and performance on cognitive tasks at 51 months of age and between these and previous assessments (at 39, 27, 15 months and early infancy) were examined in 24 children. Results suggest that youngsters currently characterized as faster habituators, in terms of first fixation data, may be somewhat advanced cognitively compared to slower habituators. The indexing of a group of fast and of slow habituators, through median split of ranked first fixation ratios, proved effective in predicting performance across the four cognitive tasks at 51 months according to a discriminant analysis. Correlations between these ratios and both current and previous cognitive scores showed some stability of individual differences from 15 through 51 months.

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