scholarly journals AB073. Correlations between control of saccadic eye movements and performance in other cognitive tasks in younger adults, older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. AB073-AB073
Author(s):  
Julie Ouerfelli-Ethier ◽  
Basma Elsaeid ◽  
Julie Des Groseilliers ◽  
Lydia Ouchene ◽  
Douglas P. Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals A protocol to examine vision and gait in Parkinson’s disease: impact of cognition and response to visual cues

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Stuart ◽  
Brook Galna ◽  
Sue Lord ◽  
Lynn Rochester
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Visual Sampling ◽  
Measure Of Performance

BackgroundCognitive and visual impairments are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and contribute to gait deficit and falls. To date, cognition and vision in gait in PD have been assessed separately. Impact of both functions (which we term ‘visuo-cognition’) on gait however is likely interactive and can be tested using visual sampling (specifically saccadic eye movements) to provide an online behavioural measure of performance. Although experiments using static paradigms show saccadic impairment in PD, few studies have quantified visual sampling during dynamic motor tasks such as gait.This article describes a protocol developed for testing visuo-cognition during gait in order to examine the: 1) independent roles of cognition and vision in gait in PD, 2) interaction between both functions, and 3) role of visuo-cognition in gait in PD.Methods Two groups of older adults (≥50 years old) were recruited; non-demented people with PD (n=60) and age-matched controls (n=40). Participants attended one session and a sub-group (n=25) attended two further sessions in order to establish mobile eye-tracker reliability. Participants walked in a gait laboratory under different attentional (single and dual task), environmental (walk straight, through a door and turning), and cueing (no visual cues and visual cues) conditions. Visual sampling was recorded using synchronised mobile eye-tracker and electrooculography systems, and gait was measured using 3D motion analysis.Discussion This exploratory study examined visuo-cognitive processes and their impact on gait in PD. Improved understanding of the influence of cognitive and visual functions on visual sampling during gait and gait in PD will assist in development of interventions to improve gait and reduce falls risk. This study will also help establish robust mobile eye-tracking methods in older adults and people with PD.

scholarly journals Preserved motor memory in Parkinson's disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Lahlou ◽  
Ella Gabitov ◽  
Lucy L. W. Owen ◽  
Daphna Shohamy ◽  
Madeleine Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Initial Sequence ◽  
Initial Learning

Patients with Parkinson's disease, who lose the dopaminergic projections to the striatum, are impaired in certain aspects of motor learning. Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to its role in motor performance, the striatum plays a key role in the memory of motor learning. Whether Parkinson's patients have impaired motor memory and whether motor memory is modulated by dopamine at the time of initial learning is unknown. To address these questions, we measured memory of a learned motor sequence in Parkinson's patients who were either On or Off their dopaminergic medications. We compared them to a group of older and younger controls. Contrary to our predictions, motor memory was not impaired in patients compared to older controls, and was not influenced by dopamine state at the time of initial learning. To probe post-learning consolidation processes, we also tested whether learning a new sequence shortly after learning the initial sequence would interfere with later memory. We found that, in contrast to younger adults, neither older adults nor patients were susceptible to this interference. These findings suggest that motor memory is preserved in Parkinson's patients and raise the possibility that motor memory in patients is supported by compensatory non-dopamine sensitive mechanisms. Furthermore, given the similar performance characteristics observed in the patients and older adults and the absence of an effect of dopamine, these results raise the possibility that aging and Parkinson's disease affect motor memory in similar ways.

scholarly journals Saccadic Eye Movements in Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease - A BOLD fMRI Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Anshul Srivastava ◽  
Ratna Sharma ◽  
Vinay Goyal ◽  
Shefali Chaudhary ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Bold Fmri ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Dopamine and eye movement control in Parkinson’s disease: deficits in corollary discharge signals?

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Railo ◽  
Henri Olkoniemi ◽  
Enni Eeronheimo ◽  
Oona Pääkkönen ◽  
Juho Joutsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Motor Deficits

Movement in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is fragmented, and the patients depend on visual information in their behavior. This suggests that the patients may have deficits in internally monitoring their own movements. Internal monitoring of movements is assumed to rely on corollary discharge signals that enable the brain to predict the sensory consequences of actions. We studied early-stage PD patients (N = 14), and age-matched healthy control participants (N = 14) to examine whether PD patients reveal deficits in updating their sensory representations after eye movements. The participants performed a double-saccade task where, in order to accurately fixate a second target, the participant must correct for the displacement caused by the first saccade. In line with previous reports, the patients had difficulties in fixating the second target when the eye movement was performed without visual guidance. Furthermore, the patients had difficulties in taking into account the error in the first saccade when making a saccade toward the second target, especially when eye movements were made toward the side with dominant motor symptoms. Across PD patients, the impairments in saccadic eye movements correlated with the integrity of the dopaminergic system as measured with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT: Patients with lower striatal (caudate, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen) dopamine transporter binding made larger errors in saccades. This effect was strongest when patients made memory-guided saccades toward the second target. Our results provide tentative evidence that the motor deficits in PD may be partly due to deficits in internal monitoring of movements.

Visual Search Processes in Healthy Aging

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tales ◽  
T Troscianko ◽  
S R Butler
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Size Task

It is well established that there are two limiting types of visual search, a pre-attentive parallel and an attention-related serial process. Such different types of processing may depend upon different regions of the visual cortex and such a measurable dissociation of function could provide a useful marker for particular types of cortical pathology, such as that associated with Parkinson's disease, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. For example, recent studies in this laboratory have shown that people with Parkinson's disease have abnormal parallel but normal serial search functions. Plude and Doussard-Roosevelt (1989 Psychology and Aging4 98 – 105) found no difference in parallel processing between older and young adults, but found that older adults performed worse on a conjunction task. The aim of the present experiment was to extend this research and look at the effect of aging on other types of visual search task and to compare these findings to patients with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease to determine if different patterns of visual function occur. Twenty-five young adults (mean age 32.6 years) and twenty-five older adults (mean age 63.4 years) performed both a conjunction task and a task involving the detection of a target only slightly larger than the distractors (the ‘size’ task). Our hypothesis was that for both types of visual search there would be an increase in search slope in the older adult group compared to the younger adults. Results of a 2-factor (1 between and 1 within) ANOVA performed on the slope values indicate statistically significant main effects of both age ( F=7.661, p<0.008) and search task ( F=25.426, p<0.0001), where in both the conjunction and size task the slope value was significantly greater for the older than for the younger adults. The slope for the size task was significantly greater than that for the conjunction task for both age groups. The results therefore support our hypothesis and further work is in progress to determine the effects of Alzheimer's disease on different types of visual search processing.

scholarly journals Dopamine and eye movement control in Parkinson’s disease: deficits in corollary discharge signals?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Railo ◽  
Henri Olkoniemi ◽  
Enni Eeronheimo ◽  
Oona Pääkkonen ◽  
Juho Joutsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Motor Deficits

Movement in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is fragmented, and the patients depend on visual information in their behavior. This suggests that the patients may have deficits in internally monitoring their own movements. Internal monitoring of movements is assumed to rely on corollary discharge signals that enable the brain to predict the sensory consequences of actions. We studied early-stage PD patients (N=14), and age-matched healthy control participants (N=14) to examine whether PD patients reveal deficits in updating their sensory representations after eye movements. The participants performed a double-saccade task where, in order to accurately fixate a second target, the participant must correct for the displacement caused by the first saccade. In line with previous reports, the patients had difficulties in fixating the second target when the eye movement was performed without visual guidance. Furthermore, the patients had difficulties in taking into account the error in the first saccade when making a saccade towards the second target, especially when eye movements were made towards the side with dominant motor symptoms. Across PD patients, the impairments in saccadic eye movements correlated with the integrity of the dopaminergic system as measured with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT: Patients with lower striatal (caudate, anterior putamen and posterior putamen) dopamine transporter binding made larger errors in saccades. This effect was strongest when patients made memory-guided saccades towards the second target. Our results provide tentative evidence that the motor deficits in PD may be partly accounted by deficits in internal monitoring of movements.

scholarly journals A protocol to examine vision and gait in Parkinson’s disease: impact of cognition and response to visual cues

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Stuart ◽  
Brook Galna ◽  
Sue Lord ◽  
Lynn Rochester
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Visual Sampling ◽  
Measure Of Performance

BackgroundCognitive and visual impairments are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and contribute to gait deficit and falls. To date, cognition and vision in gait in PD have been assessed separately. Impact of both functions (which we term ‘visuo-cognition’) on gait however is likely interactive and can be tested using visual sampling (specifically saccadic eye movements) to provide an online behavioural measure of performance. Although experiments using static paradigms show saccadic impairment in PD, few studies have quantified visual sampling during dynamic motor tasks such as gait.This article describes a protocol developed for testing visuo-cognition during gait in order to examine the: 1) independent roles of cognition and vision in gait in PD, 2) interaction between both functions, and 3) role of visuo-cognition in gait in PD.Methods Two groups of older adults (≥50 years old) were recruited; non-demented people with PD (n=60) and age-matched controls (n=40). Participants attended one session and a sub-group (n=25) attended two further sessions in order to establish mobile eye-tracker reliability. Participants walked in a gait laboratory under different attentional (single and dual task), environmental (walk straight, through a door and turning), and cueing (no visual cues and visual cues) conditions. Visual sampling was recorded using synchronised mobile eye-tracker and electrooculography systems, and gait was measured using 3D motion analysis.Discussion This exploratory study examined visuo-cognitive processes and their impact on gait in PD. Improved understanding of the influence of cognitive and visual functions on visual sampling during gait and gait in PD will assist in development of interventions to improve gait and reduce falls risk. This study will also help establish robust mobile eye-tracking methods in older adults and people with PD.

Age-related changes in saccadic eye movements in healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson’s disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Litvinova ◽  
P. O. Ratmanova ◽  
E. I. Evina ◽  
R. R. Bogdanov ◽  
A. N. Kunitsyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Saccadic Eye Movements in Parkinson's Disease: I. Delayed Saccades

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Lueck ◽  
S. Tanyeri ◽  
T. J. Crawford ◽  
L. Henderson ◽  
C. Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Fixation Target

The saccadic eye movements of nine patients with Parkinson's disease were compared to those of nine age-matched controls in two paradigms generating volitional saccades. In both paradigms, subjects had to make delayed saccades to peripheral LED targets: a peripheral target appeared 700 msec before a buzzer sounded, the buzzer being the signal to make a saccade to the target. In the first paradigm (“centre-off”), the fixation target was extinguished simultaneously with buzzer onset. In the second (“centre-remain”) it was not extinguished until 1000 msec later. The results showed that for outward saccades in both paradigms, there was no difference between Parkinsonian patients and controls, but saccadic latencies were significantly shorter in the “centre-remain” paradigm. The initial outward saccades were indistinguishable from the normal, reflex saccades of the same subjects. However, saccades returning to the centre (a type of remembered target saccade) were hypometric and showed multistepping. Both effects were more pronounced in patients with Parkinson's disease. The significance of these findings in terms of current hypotheses about the nature of the Parkinsonian saccadic deficit is discussed.

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