Pilot-scale, two-stage, thermophilic batch anaerobic digestion of sugar beets

2013 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Jaime Chavez ◽  
Samriddhi Buxy ◽  
Pratap Pullammanappallil
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Stage System

Whole sugar beets without the tops and without size reduction were anaerobically digested in a batch, two-stage, thermophilic, pilot-scale digestion system. The two-stage system consisted of a solids digester (SD; 150 L working volume) into which the sugar beets were loaded and an anaerobic filter (AF; 600 L working volume). The methane yield from the system was 305 L at STP/kg volatile solids (VS) loaded and was obtained within 17 days. This is equivalent to 52 L of methane at STP/kg sugar beet as received from the stockpiles. 60% of the methane was formed in the AF and the rest in the SD. The methane yield from this pilot system was 80% of that obtained in laboratory scale trials. 90% of the total methane produced in the AF was collected within 10 days. A 10 day residence time would yield a total of 256 L at STP/kg VS or 84% of total yield from pilot scale system. The digester required addition of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The biogas may not require hydrogen sulfide clean up before utilization.

Development of a Two-Stage Treatment Plant for Extensive Nitrogen and Phosphorus Elimination

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bahre ◽  
W. Firk ◽  
M. Gassen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Plant Operator

The report describes low-cost development and design of a two-stage wastewater treatment plant for 90,000 PE to achieve the highest possible degree of phosphorus and nitrogen elimination. The receiving water body of the treatment plant is a small watercourse fed almost exclusively by treated wastewater. A significant improvement in the water quality of this watercourse is planned. In particular, the performance of the wastewater treatment plant will need to be enhanced. The plant operator, the Erft River Board, organized a competition to attract solutions for an appropriate development of the plant from several consultants. Apart from embodying the concept of extensive wastewater treatment, designs were expected to preserve the existing infrastructure of the two-stage treatment plant as far as possible. Following selection of the most suitable design, the intended process technology is currently being tested in a pilot-scale plant. Planning envisages advanced wastewater treatment processes, including enhanced biological phosphorus removal, chemical precipitation/flocculation, nitrification and denitrification and combined coagulation/filtration. The pilot-scale investigations are carried out in close co-operation between the water authorities, the plant operators, the consultant, and a university institute of sanitary engineering. The paper presents the design and first results of the pilot-scale investigations in terms of the parameters BOD5, COD, phosphorus, ammonia and nitrate.

scholarly journals Two-Stage Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Beach Cast Seaweed and Its Codigestion with Cow Manure

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Nkongndem Nkemka ◽  
Jorge Arenales-Rivera ◽  
Marika Murto
Keyword(s):  
Methane Yield ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Anaerobic Codigestion ◽  
Stage System ◽  
Dry Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Beach Cast

Two-stage, dry anaerobic codigestion of seaweed and solid cow manure was studied on a laboratory scale. A methane yield of 0.14 L/g VSadded was obtained when digesting solid cow manure in a leach bed process and a methane yield of 0.16 L/g VSadded and 0.11 L/g VSadded was obtained from seaweed and seaweed/solid manure in a two-stage anaerobic process, respectively. The results showed that it was beneficial to operate the second stage methane reactor for the digestion of seaweed, which produced 83% of the methane, while the remainder was produced in the first leach bed reactor. Also, the two-stage system was more stable for the codigestion for seaweed and manure when compared to their separate digestion. In addition, the initial ammonia inhibition observed for manure digestion and the acidification of the leach bed reactor in seaweed digestion were both avoided when the materials were codigested. The seaweed had a higher Cd content of 0.2 mg Cd/kg TS than the manure, 0.04 mg Cd/kg TS, and presents a risk of surpassing limit values set for fertiliser quality of seaweed digestate. Evaluation of the heavy metal content of seaweed or a mixture of seaweed and manure digestate is recommended before farmland application.

scholarly journals Impacts of Temperature and Solids Retention Time, and Possible Mechanisms of Biological Hydrolysis Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3166
Author(s):  
Huihuang H. Ding ◽  
Polina Kotova ◽  
Christopher Shaw ◽  
Youngseck Hong ◽  
Sheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Solids Retention Time ◽  
Solids Retention

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has benefits in sludge management, energy recovery, and pathogen reduction. In order to better understand the mechanisms of biological hydrolysis (BH) pretreatment on AD, biochemical methane potential (BMP) and continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) tests were utilized to compare untreated municipal combined sludge with pilot-scale BH pretreated sludge. During the BH process, there was 15%, 30%, and 33% (w/w) volatile solids (VS) reduction after BH at 42 °C (BH42) for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively; under BH61 (42 °C for 36 h and 61 °C for 6 h), and there was 10% and 30% (w/w) overall VS reduction after 36-h and 42-h hydrolysis, respectively. BMP results showed that BH42-pretreated sludge had 22.6% enhancement of methane yield compared to untreated sludge, and BH61 pretreated sludge had 29.4% enhancement of methane yield. Both temperature and solids’ retention time (SRT) contributed to the enhanced AD performance within 36 h, while temperature played more important roles after 36-h BH pretreatment. CSTR tests confirmed the acceleration of anaerobic digestion by BH pretreatment, and higher enhancement was observed when SRT of anaerobic digestion was shorter than 16 days. Through a literature review of BH-related studies, the possible mechanisms were highlighted for further optimization on the scale-up systems in order to reduce carbon footprint and operating expenditure for wastewater treatment plants.

Reduce odor and NH3 emission: condensation of the carbonatation vapors

2017 ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Nico Antens ◽  
Jan L.M. Struijs
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Plant Trials ◽  
Contact Condensation

At beet sugar production, vapors from first and second carbonatation contain a significant amount of odor components, NH3 and waste heat, which are normally directly released into the environment. Due to sustainability motivations, obligations regarding odor nuisance and expected stricter regulations regarding NH3 emission limits, Suiker Unie decided to take measures to reduce emission via the carbonatation vapors. During the 2015 beet campaign, pilot scale plant trials have been performed to investigate the effectiveness of indirect contact and direct contact condensation of these vapors. Based on this experimental work a two-stage gas scrubbing concept was designed: in the first stage main goal is condensing the vapors and reuse the heat of condensation to heat up limed juice, while the actual scrubbing takes place in the second scrubber. This two-stage gas scrubbing installation has been built at the Vierverlaten factory and was started up in the 2016 beet campaign. The background, pilot scale trials, concept of design and achieved reductions in odor and NH3 emission at industrial scale are discussed.

Heterotrophic Kinetic Parameter Estimation for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes Operated in Conventional and Membrane-Assisted Modes

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Eric R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Abstract Parameter estimation and wastewater characterization are crucial for modelling of the membrane enhanced biological phosphorus removal (MEBPR) process. Prior to determining the values of a subset of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters used in ASM No. 2 (ASM2), the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fractions of influent wastewater at the University of British Columbia (UBC) pilot plant were characterized. It was found that the UBC wastewater contained fractions of volatile acids (SA), readily fermentable biodegradable COD (SF) and slowly biodegradable COD (XS) that fell within the ASM2 default value ranges. The contents of soluble inert COD (SI) and particulate inert COD (XI) were somewhat higher than ASM2 default values. Mixed liquor samples from pilot-scale MEBPR and conventional enhanced biological phosphorus removal (CEBPR) processes operated under parallel conditions, were then analyzed experimentally to assess the impact of operation in a membrane-assisted mode on the growth yield (YH), decay coefficient (bH) and maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophic biomass (µH). The resulting values for YH, bH and µH were slightly lower for the MEBPR train than for the CEBPR train, but the differences were not statistically significant. It is suggested that MEBPR simulation using ASM2 could be accomplished satisfactorily using parameter values determined for a conventional biological phosphorus removal process, if MEBPR parameter values are not available.

The anaerobic treatment of a ligno-cellulosic substrate offering little natural pH buffering capacity

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Banks ◽  
P. N. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Ph Control ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Stage System ◽  
The Stability

The stability and operational performance of single stage digestion with and without liquor recycle and two stage digestion were assessed using a mixture of paper and wood as the digestion substrate. Attempts to maintain stable digestion in both single stage reactors were unsuccessful due to the inherently low natural buffering capacity exhibited; this resulted in a rapid souring of the reactor due to unbuffered volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation. The use of lime to control pH was unsatisfactory due to interference with the carbonate/bicarbonate equilibrium resulting in wide oscillations in the control parameter. The two stage system overcame the pH stability problems allowing stable operation for a period of 200 days without any requirement for pH control; this was attributed to the rapid flushing of VFA from the first stage reactor into the second stage, where efficient conversion to methane was established. Reactor performance was judged to be satisfactory with the breakdown of 53% of influent volatile solids. It was concluded that the reactor configuration of the two stage system offers the potential for the treatment of cellulosic wastes with a sub-optimal carbon to nitrogen ratio for conventional digestion.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two-Stage and Traditional Co-Composting of Green Waste and Food Waste Amended with Phosphate Rock and Sawdust

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña ◽  
Angélica María Hernández-Gómez ◽  
Marcos Ríos ◽  
Anauribeth Portela ◽  
Viviana Sánchez-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Two Phases

The composting of green waste (GW) proceeds slowly due to the presence of slowly degradable compounds in that substrate. The introduction of amendments and bulking materials can improve organic matter degradation and end-product quality. However, additional strategies such as two-stage composting, can deal with the slow degradation of green waste. This paper evaluates the effect of two-stage composting on the process and end-product quality of the co-composting of green waste and food waste amended with sawdust and phosphate rock. A pilot-scale study was developed using two treatments (in triplicate each), one being a two-stage composting and the other being a traditional composting. The two treatments used the same mixture (wet weight): 46% green waste, 19% unprocessed food waste, 18% processed food waste, 13% sawdust, and 4% phosphate rock. The traditional composting observed a higher degradation rate of organic matter during the mesophilic and thermophilic phases and observed thermophilic temperatures were maintained for longer periods during these two phases compared to two-stage composting (i.e., six days). Nonetheless, during the cooling and maturation phases, the two treatments had similar behaviors with regard to temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity, and the end-products resulting from both treatments did not statistically differ. Therefore, from this study, it is concluded that other additional complementary strategies must be evaluated to further improve GW composting.

scholarly journals Co-Digestion of Rice Straw with Cow Manure in an Innovative Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion Technology: Performance Evaluation and Trace Elements

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2561
Author(s):  
Furqan Muhayodin ◽  
Albrecht Fritze ◽  
Oliver Christopher Larsen ◽  
Marcel Spahr ◽  
Vera Susanne Rotter
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Cu And Zn

Rice straw is an agricultural residue produced in abundant quantities. Open burning and plowing back the straw to the fields are common practices for its disposal. In-situ incorporation and burning cause emissions of greenhouse gas and particulate matter. Additionally, the energy potential of rice straw is lost. Anaerobic digestion is a technology that can be potentially used to utilize the surplus rice straw, provide renewable energy, circulate nutrients available in the digestate, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies. An innovative temperature phased anaerobic digestion technology was developed and carried out in a continuous circulating mode of mesophilic and hyperthermophilic conditions in a loop digester (F1). The performance of the newly developed digester was compared with the reference digester (F2) working at mesophilic conditions. Co-digestion of rice straw was carried out with cow manure to optimize the carbon to nitrogen ratio and to provide the essential trace elements required by microorganisms in the biochemistry of methane formation. F1 produced a higher specific methane yield (189 ± 37 L/kg volatile solids) from rice straw compared to F2 (148 ± 36 L/kg volatile solids). Anaerobic digestion efficiency was about 90 ± 20% in F1 and 70 ± 20% in F2. Mass fractions of Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, Cu, and Zn were analyzed over time. The mass fractions of Co, Mo, Cu, and Zn were stable in both digesters. While mass fractions of Fe and Ni were reduced at the end of the digestion period. However, no direct relationship between specific methane yield and reduced mass fraction of Fe and Ni was found. Co-digestion of rice straw with cow manure seems to be a good approach to provide trace elements except for Se.

scholarly journals Biochemical Methane Potential of Cork Boiling Wastewater at Different Inoculum to Substrate Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3064
Author(s):  
Roberta Mota-Panizio ◽  
Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez ◽  
Luis Carmo-Calado ◽  
Gonçalo Lourinho ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Duque de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Bmp Test ◽  
Cork Industry

The present study evaluates the digestion of cork boiling wastewater (CBW) through a biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. BMP assays were carried out with a working volume of 600 mL at a constant mesophilic temperature (35 °C). The experiment bottles contained CBW and inoculum (digested sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)), with a ratio of inoculum/substrate (Ino/CBW) of 1:1 and 2:1 on the basis of volatile solids (VSs); the codigestion with food waste (FW) had a ratio of 2/0.7:0.3 (Ino/CBW:FW) and the codigestion with cow manure (CM) had a ratio of 2/0.5:0.5 (Ino/CBW:CM). Biogas and methane production was proportional to the inoculum substrate ratio (ISR) used. BMP tests have proved to be valuable for inferring the adequacy of anaerobic digestion to treat wastewater from the cork industry. The results indicate that the biomethane potential of CBWs for Ino/CBW ratios 1:1 and 2:1 is very low compared to other organic substrates. For the codigestion tests, the test with the Ino/CBW:CM ratio of 2/0.7:0.3 showed better biomethane yields, being in the expected values. This demonstrated that it is possible to perform the anaerobic digestion (AD) of CBW using a cosubstrate to increase biogas production and biomethane and to improve the quality of the final digestate.

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