Analysis of septic-tank density for three areas in Cedar Valley, Iron County, Utah - a case study for evaluations of proposed subdivisions in Cedar Valley

2000 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Tank

Evapotranspiration for domestic wastewater reuse in remote indigenous communities of Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anda ◽  
K. Mathew ◽  
G. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remote Indigenous Community ◽  
Domestic Effluent

In the past sewage ponding in indigenous settlements was commonplace as a result of overcrowding combined with inappropriate septic tank and leach drain design, installation and operation. The response over the past 10 years has been to develop reticulated sewerage systems to lagoons when the funds become available. These are often successful in terms of operation, improved public health and low maintenance but are expensive and wasteful of limited water supplies. Evapotranspiration (ET) is an effective method for on-site domestic effluent disposal in areas of Western Australia with soils of low permeability. Evapotranspiration systems have been established in a number of communities both for research/demonstration and as specified by architects. The systems usually follow two septic tanks for the disposal of all domestic effluent. A case study will be presented for a remote indigenous community where the ET systems installed for greywater only have been monitored over the last two years since installation. The use of evapotranspiration has enabled reuse of effluent for successful examples of revegetation and food production and points to the need for a holistic approach to design and service delivery in these communities that includes a total environmental management plan.

scholarly journals Shared household septic tank: A case study of Fiapre in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Attiogbe Francis ◽  
Nkansah Andrews ◽  
Atta Kuranchie Francis
Keyword(s):  
Septic Tank ◽  
Brong Ahafo Region ◽  
Brong Ahafo

A measure for provisional-and-urgent sanitary improvement in developing countries: septic-tank performance improvement

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Harada ◽  
N. T. Dong ◽  
S. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Sanitation ◽  
Performance Recovery ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment

Although many cities have planed to develop sewerages in developing countries, sewerage establishment still requires huge investment and engineering efforts. Improvement of existing sanitation facilities may contribute the betterment of urban sanitation before sewerage establishment. The purpose of this study is to propose a measure to improve urban sanitation in areas where a sewerage development plan is proposed but has not been yet established, based on a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam. We found that 90.5% of human excreta flowed into septic tanks. However, 89.6% of septic tanks have never been desludged in the past and their performance was observed to be at a low level. The study also showed that if they introduce regular desludging with a frequency of once a year, they can eliminate 72.8% of COD loads from septic tanks. It was indicated that the performance can be dramatically recovered by regular desludging, which could contribute urban sanitation improvement in Hanoi. In conclusion, the performance recovery of septic tanks by regular desludging was proposed as a provisional-and-urgent measure for urban sanitation improvement, together with the septage treatment in sewage sludge treatment facilities, which should be established earlier than other facilities of sewage treatment systems.

Financial Challenges to Making Faecal Sludge Management an Integrated Part of the Ecosan Approach: Case Study of Kumasi, Ghana

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vodounhessi ◽  
E. von Münch
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The City ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Many sub-Saharan African towns currently face a “faecal sludge crisis”, because large amounts of faecal sludge from unsewered toilets (pit latrines, septic tanks etc.) are dumped into the environment. This causes public health problems and environmental degradation. The objective of this research was to investigate how faecal sludge management (FSM) can be made an integrated part of a sustainable ecological sanitation (ecosan) approach, with an emphasis on financial sustainability. Kumasi, a city in Ghana, West Africa, with 1.48 million inhabitants was chosen as a case study. Our research shows that the FSM of the city can be independent of donors’ financial support and thus financially sustainable if the potential revenue in both households and farmers is realised. This potential revenue was evaluated by (i) analysing the relevant functional groups and their relationships, (ii) a Capacity-to-Pay approach for households whereby they would spend up to 0.5% of their income on the toilet pit/septic tank emptying service (including a cross-subsidy approach), and (iii) on the farmers’ Willingness-To-Pay for compost (treated faecal sludge) based on a price of US$ 1.4 per 50 kg bag of compost. This additional revenue, which should be allocated to the System Manager (Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly) in the proposed financial scheme, was estimated to be US$ 57,000 per month from households and US$ 18,000 per month from farmers (based on 6300 m3/month of faecal sludge collected in Kumasi and a simplified financial analysis of the system).

A new approach for local waste water management sanitation case study of rural school (Chorfech 24)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Ben Saad ◽  
Latifa Bousselmi ◽  
Fabio Masi ◽  
Ahmed Ghrabi
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Push Button ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Set Up

This paper presents one case of wastewater management approach in rural area. The design and the implementation of the solution have been developed in close consultation with the stakeholders and national authorities. The objectives are (i) to solve the problems of the uncontrolled wastewater discharged into nature without treatment, and (ii) to set up a robust solution to be recommended for application in rural school in Tunisia, devoid of sanitation system and characterized by limited financial resources for water supply and sanitation services. Several equipments to save water (push-button taps, waterless urinals, rainwater harvesting) is set up. The sanitation system consists of septic tank followed by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. The treated wastewaters are used in the irrigation of the garden. The evaluation of the performances of the system after 3 years is presented.

scholarly journals Adaptation and mitigation synergies to improve sanitation: a case study in Morelos, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Navarro González ◽  
Blanca Jiménez Cisneros ◽  
Nidya Aponte Hernández ◽  
Raquel Montes Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Ipcc Guidelines ◽  
Business As Usual

Abstract The management of wastewater is the fifth largest single source of CH4 emissions and the sixth of N2O. Options to improve sanitation within the Morelos State in Mexico were compared applying a modification of the IPCC guidelines to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A 2030 business-as-usual scenario which considers current sanitation practices and 2010 baseline-scenario, showed that septic tanks, the main state option for sanitation, were the principal source of emissions, even higher than from non-controlled wastewater discharges. These scenarios also revealed that the two metropolitan areas were key in terms of mitigation as they contributed 88% of the total GHG emissions. For the 2030A scenario (sanitation + adaptation), it was seen that if the policy of septic tank usage continues, and the existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are rehabilitated, the GHG emissions would be reduced by 2% compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. In contrast, if a policy were adopted considering in addition mitigation measures, 26% GHG emissions reduction might be achieved. Additional co-benefits will be obtained in several sectors, including health (diarrheal and dengue diseases control), agriculture, and the environment, performing a more efficient and integrated management of water and achieving savings on the operating costs of WWTPs through co-generation.

scholarly journals CARTAGO CASE STUDY: WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS OF COSTA RICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA M. SOTO-CÓRDOBA ◽  
LILLIANA GAVIRIA-MONTOYA ◽  
MACARIO PINO-GOMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Waste Water Management

Abstract This article provides information on the management of the grey and toilet water collected in rural areas of the province of Cartago, from the years 2014 to 2016. For this research, information was gathered from a survey applied to 614 households located in rural areas. Information was also obtained through field visits and a physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of surface and residual waters. It was found that 100% of greywater from houses in rural areas are thrown into their surrounding rivers and 87% of wastewaters are treated in septic tank systems. Pollution is observed in the surface water sources due to the increase of population density in rural areas and discharge without greywater treatment.

scholarly journals Monitoring of nitrate contamination in groundwater: case study of the campus of UNESP, Rio Claro/SP

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Hideo Teramoto ◽  
Pedro Paulo Bazilio da Costa ◽  
Roger Dias Gonçalves ◽  
Bruno Zanon Engelbrecht ◽  
Hung Kiang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

This study presents the results of the monitoring of nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater at the UNESP Campus of Rio Claro/SP assumed to be sourced by septic tank leakage, which were discontinued in October 2014. The distribution of nitrate concentrations provides support to a conceptual model of contamination by multiple sources, since the concentration gradients are not observed along the flowpaths. The results of the monitoring indicate that in some monitored wells, the nitrate concentrations remain stable, while in other wells minor to strong fall trends were observed. These results provide support to the presence of other active sources, such as sewage leakage in the external and internal area of the campus. This scenario perfect fit with the maintenance of recorded high nitrate concentrations over the time. Despite the nitrate concentrations are below potability limit, additional investigations will be conducted to identify sources of contamination to ensure water quality in the future.

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