scholarly journals The Influence of Poverty Alleviation Resettlement on Rural Household Livelihood Vulnerability in the Western Mountainous Areas, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Infrastructure Services

Poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR) is China’s largest-ever resettlement program and one of China’s flagship poverty alleviation initiatives. Resorting to this state-led conversation and development program, the central and provincial governments aim to lift the poor out of the poverty trap and into sustainable livelihoods, by delivering improvements in housing conditions, infrastructure services, public amenities, and living standards. Taking Ankang as an example, this study examines the PAR from the perspective of vulnerability through a household survey conducted in Ankang prefecture of Shaanxi province, China. A total of six townships in Ankang are covered, with 657 valid questionnaires collected. This study shows that there is a difference in exposure, sensitivity, and the adaptive capacity of rural households with different relocation characteristics, hence generating different livelihood vulnerabilities. The PAR generally achieves the target of livelihood vulnerability reduction. Specifically, the project-induced relocation has a significant positive effect on vulnerability, but there is a significant negative correlation between livelihood vulnerability and relocation region, relocation time, and relocation subsidy. Challenges and problems remain to be addressed for the next phases of the PAR, including diminishing the financial burden on those relocated and providing free public transportation services, carrying out community-building programs and updating the household registration institution, balancing the redistribution and sharing of farmland, furnishing assistance measures for employment searches and training in specific skills, and creating an impartial project to safeguard the non-movers from the significant negative impacts on their physical and spiritual dimensions.

Regulation of Road-Based Public Transportation and Strategies for the Developing World

2003 ◽  
Vol 1835 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges B. Darido
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Performance

In most cities of the developing world road-based public transport (i.e., buses, paratransit, jitneys, etc.) is the primary mode of motorized travel. Varying degrees of regulation control its provision; regulation is sometimes the role of government, private organizations, or the operators themselves. Many characteristics of developing world cities and travel markets influence the implementation and performance of regulatory schemes for public transportation. By exploring these factors and the spectrum of regulatory options, it is possible to suggest a methodology framework to make regulation and competition of public transportation services more effective and sustainable. This methodology attempts to capture local conditions, priorities, implementation issues, and sustainability strategies for developing regulatory schemes. Research concludes with suggested practices and strategies to increase the acceptance and sustainability of regulations by maximizing the potential benefits and minimizing the negative impacts.

Spillover Impacts on Education from Employment Guarantees

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-62
Author(s):  
Anjali Adukia
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Employment Guarantee

Programs that provide lower-skill employment are a popular anti-poverty strategy in developing countries, with India's employment-guarantee program (MGNREGA) employing adults in 23% of Indian households. MGNREGA has reduced rural poverty, but some have raised concerns that guaranteeing lower-skill employment opportunities may discourage investment in human capital and long-run income growth. Using large-scale administrative data and household survey data, I estimate precise spillover impacts on education that reject substantive declines in children's education from the government's rollout of MGNREGA. Further, I estimate that these small negative impacts are inexpensive to counteract, particularly compared to MGNREGA expenditures on rural employment and poverty alleviation.

scholarly journals The Role of Stakeholders in Public Transportation Services Based on Information Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 717 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Rohady Ramadhan ◽  
Andi Nilwana ◽  
Muhammad Bibin ◽  
Ani Ardian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Services

An Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Measures and Sustainable Livelihood Capability of Farm Households in Rural China: A Sustainable Livelihood Approach

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Fang Su ◽  
Nini Song ◽  
Nannan Ma ◽  
Altynbek Sultanalive ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Approach ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to identify effective mechanisms for government poverty alleviation measures based on the livelihood sustainability of farm households in Southern Shaanxi province, China. The paper utilizes data from 414 farm households, collected through field observations and in-depth interviews in 24 rural communes in Qinba Mountain Area of Shaanxi province, China. Using theoretical research methods and employing the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) framework, this paper analyzes poverty alleviation measures as well as the impact of varied capital availability on sustainable livelihood. The study shows that developing local industries and governmental financial support improve the sustainable livelihood of farmers and eradicate absolute poverty. The findings of this study further indicate that there is a positive correlation between poverty alleviation measures and natural and social capital for sustainable livelihood. The paper provides empirical and quantitative evidence on alleviation of poverty, and the findings will help improve the sustainability of livelihood capability of farming households. This study suggests impactful approaches to stabilizing mechanisms for poverty alleviation in rural areas over the longer term.

Light Rail Versus Guided Light Transit in Medium-Sized Cities: A Comparative Study for Ioannina, Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-274
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kepaptsoglou ◽  
Eleni Vlahogianni ◽  
Nikolaos Giannoulis ◽  
Aristeidis G. Karlaftis
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
High Investment

Light rail transit systems (LRTs) are attractive options for modern communities as they offer high quality, sustainable public transportation services. However, investment costs often may make their application for medium-sized cities prohibitive, particularly if no significant social benefits are achieved. Guided light transit (GLT) has been introduced in the recent years, as a lower cost alternative to LRT, with the additional advantage of being suitable for urban environments with space limitations. In this study, a systematic comparison of LRT and GLT is offered, in the context of a mid-size city in Greece. Results indicate that high investment costs, coupled with low ridership can have a negative impact to the introduction of LRT in a medium-sized city. However, under certain conditions, GLT may be a viable alternative, while its nature and characteristics are not that different to those of LRT.

scholarly journals Determinants of satisfaction with campus transportation services: Implications for service quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Charbatzadeh ◽  
Udechukwu Ojiako ◽  
Maxwell Chipulu ◽  
Alasdair Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
Service Engagement ◽  
Managerial Attention ◽  
Determinants Of Satisfaction ◽  
Bus Transportation

Background: In a number of countries, buses are a critical element of public transportation, providing the most inclusive and sustainable mode of transportation to all forms of citizenry, including staff and students of universities.Objectives: The study examines the determinants of satisfaction with campus bus transportation. The article is primarily discursive and based on the synthesis of existing service literature supported by data obtained from a survey of 847 respondents.Method: Structural equation modelling is undertaken using AMOS 19, allowing for the examination of compound relationships between service engagement variables.Results: Results show statistically significant differences between perceived service quality and travel routes. The authors argue that managerial attention to service user experiences does not only hold the key to ongoing competitive success in campus transportation services but also that those services can be significantly enriched through greater managerial attention to the interface between risk of financial loss (which increases when the campus bus transportation service provider becomes less able to compete) and service quality.Conclusion: The authors argue that if providers of campus bus transportation services are to rise to their service delivery challenges and also maintain or improve upon their market positions, they must conceptualise their services in a manner that takes into consideration the two-way interrelationship between risk of financial loss and service quality. It must also be noted that, although this study may have relevance for firm–firm scenarios, its focus is primarily on service supplier firm–customer service engagements.Keywords: Modelling; Transportation; Service

scholarly journals Poverty alleviation research in rural China: Three decades and counting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Luo
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Rural Governance ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Poverty alleviation is a hallmark of post-revolution Chinese policymaking. Since 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has implemented successive waves of poverty alleviation policies whose effects have become the focus of an ever-increasing body of academic literature. This paper reviews this diverse but limited literature that evaluates the impact of the CPC’s poverty reduction programs through four major channels, namely fiscal investment programs, social safety nets, rural governance on the village-, county- and provincial level, and the relocation of rural populations from destitute regions. This paper aims to synthesize results and evaluate whether and how the abovementioned poverty alleviation programs have had distinct positive or negative impacts on regional development outcomes. Furthermore, I highlight contradictions in empirical findings to motivate the discussion about contextual importance when designing and implementing future poverty alleviation programs. Finally, I suggest that an exhaustive and critical appraisal of the empirical strategies used in this literature would further the development and application of more accurate and informative methodologies.

scholarly journals Estimating Cost Savings of Coordinating Regional Non-Emergency Human Transport Services

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Sakano ◽  
Julian Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transportation Agencies ◽  
Human Transport ◽  
Current Operating

Local public transportation agencies provide a nonemergency human transport service to nearby hospitals and doctors' offices. Some users require specialized medical services at a hospital located out of the normal service area. In the Piedmont/Triad region of North Carolina, the Piedmont Authority for Regional Transportation (PART) began PART Connections in April 2004, to provide two daily transportation services between the Piedmont/Triad area and the UNC/Duke medical areas. Using current operating cost data of participating transportation systems, round-trip costs to the UNC/Duke medical areas from each county and to the nearest PART Connections stop are estimated. Given the actual number of passengers served by PART Connections during the first nine-month period of the service, the net saving in the operating cost by participating PART Connections is estimated for each system. Then, the total service hours saved by using PART Connections are estimated for each system, and are used to estimate the number of additional passengers served within the system. It is estimated that PART Connections could provide a net saving of $38,000 on operation expenses annually to the participating four county transportation systems. More importantly, PART Connections would enable the four county systems to provide more than 10,000 additional passenger trips within each county annually, by using the saved resources. In addition, 12 local community transportation providers in 15 western counties of the Piedmont/Triad region, which currently do not participate in PART Connections, are estimated to save a modest $9,600 in total annually, by using PART Connections.

scholarly journals Kebijakan Pengaturan Penggunaan Dana Bagi Hasil Cukai Hasil Tembakau Dalam Program Pembinaan Lingkungan Sosial Guna Pengentasan Kemiskinan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-152
Author(s):  
Suteki Suteki ◽  
Nastiti Rahajeng Putri
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
Social Environmental

The aim of this research is to find out how the regulation policy (formulation) of the use of the allocation of funds for tobacco excise revenue sharing (DBHCHT) is related to the social environmental development program. The results showed that the regulatory policy (formulation) on poverty alleviation through DBHCHT management in each region was different. This can lead to optimal management of DBHCHT because it is strong enough to involve all stakeholders in poverty alleviation while still relying on how the work of SKPD-SKPD, community and private sector to be actively involved. The role of the DBHCHT management policy formulation in poverty alleviation programs can actually be said to have a qualitatively significant role proven to be able to direct local government through empowering SKPDs to jointly implement poverty alleviation programs. Keywords: Law, Means of poverty alleviation, DBHCHT  Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan utnuk mengetahui bagaimanakah kebijakan pengaturan (formulasi) penggunaan alokasi dana bagi hasil cukai hasil tembakau (DBHCHT) terkait dengan program pembinaan lingkungan sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pengaturan (formulasi) tentang pengentasan kemiskinan melalui pengelolaan DBHCHT pada masing-masing daerah berbeda-beda. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan pengelolaan DBHCHT cukup optimal karena cukup kuat untuk melibatkan seluruh stakeholders dalam pengentasan kemiskinan meskipun tetap mengandalkan bagaimana kiprah SKPD-SKPD, masyarakat dan swasta untuk terlibat secara aktif.  Peran formulasi kebijakan pengelolaan DBHCHT dalam program pengentasan kemiskinan sebenarnya dapat dikatakan memiliki peran yang secara kualitatif signifikan terbukti mampu mengarahkan pemeritnah setempat melalui pemberdayaan SKPD-SKPD untuk secara bersama-sama melaksanakan program pengentasan kemiskinan. Kata kunci: Hukum, Sarana pengentasan kemiskinan, DBHCHT. 

scholarly journals Simulation analysis of transportation system in Erzurum

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
vecihi yiğit
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Occupancy Rates

In recent years, the increase of population in cities has become one of the most important problems considered for municipalities providing transportation services. In terms of municipal services, the number of lines, capacity, and occupancy rates of public transportation vehicles providing transportation within the cities should be scientifically monitored and evaluated. In this study, we analyzed the current situation of municipal buses and public buses providing public transportation in Erzurum. For analyzing, we consider some performance criteria such as number of lines, capacity, vehicle occupancy rates, and passenger waiting. The current situation was modeled by simulation using the system approach. The interactions between entities are examined, sub-systems are identified, and the current situation is revealed. Results show that about 104.400 passengers benefit from public transportation daily, and performance criterias determined in the system are adequate.

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