Spillover Impacts on Education from Employment Guarantees

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-62
Author(s):  
Anjali Adukia
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Employment Guarantee

Programs that provide lower-skill employment are a popular anti-poverty strategy in developing countries, with India's employment-guarantee program (MGNREGA) employing adults in 23% of Indian households. MGNREGA has reduced rural poverty, but some have raised concerns that guaranteeing lower-skill employment opportunities may discourage investment in human capital and long-run income growth. Using large-scale administrative data and household survey data, I estimate precise spillover impacts on education that reject substantive declines in children's education from the government's rollout of MGNREGA. Further, I estimate that these small negative impacts are inexpensive to counteract, particularly compared to MGNREGA expenditures on rural employment and poverty alleviation.

Implementation of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) in Manipur (2015-16): An Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Khundrakpam Romenkumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
The State ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
The People ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
Employment Guarantee Scheme

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is demand driven , self targeting employment generating poverty alleviation scheme which was launched by the UPA government in 2005 with full of hope to eradicate the problems of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas of India by targeting to provide at least 100 days of employment at each rural households. It is the only employment-generating programme, that a beneficiary can claim legally. The scheme was introduced in Manipur in the year 2008 with lot of hope to minimise the problem of poverty and unemployment in the state but after the eight years of implementation, the programme failed to deliver the expectations the people had on it. In this paper, an assessment of the performance of MGNREGS in Manipur of the year 2015-16 has been made.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MGNREGA HOUSEHOLDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-291
Author(s):  
P. Muneeswaran ◽  
C. Sundarapandian
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Employment Guarantee

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) 2005 is one of the foremost social security in India. It guarantees minimum wage, reduces poverty and checks large scale migration in rural India. It has reduced rural hunger. After implementation of MGNREGA, the Planning Commission estimated that the poverty among Scheduled Castes () in rural areas fell 22 percentage points- from 53.5 per cent in 2004-05 to 31.5 per cent in 2011-12. For that reason, the study focuses on income distribution and the conditions of MGNREGA workers and their households in  district of Tamil state. The sample size of this research work is 345 MGNREGA Scheduled Castes () workers. The study found that there is a significant level of association existing between the annual income of MGNREGA workers/households and their conditions, such as the participants’ gender, age, community and occupation, type of family, size of family, number of employees and migrant workers of the family in the study area.At the same time this study found that there is no significant level association existing between annual income and conditions such as education, type of houses, and marital status. Hence, the MGNREGA is one of themajor factors in determining the income level and also the conditions of the of scheduled castes workers in the study area.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) across the States of India: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhagobinda Basak
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
Employment Guarantee Scheme

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005 was introduced in India to create employment opportunities for the rural people. As per the provisions of the said Act, the State Government shall, in rural areas in the state, provide to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work not less than one hundred days of such work in every financial year. The present study attempts to review the performance of the scheme implemented in different states of India. On the basis of some selected parameters, performance of the states, in implementing the Act, has been measured. Ranks have been assigned to the states according to their merit in implementing the scheme.

Unbelievable but improved cookstoves are not helpful in reducing firewood demand in Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANI NEPAL ◽  
APSARA NEPAL ◽  
KRISTINE GRIMSRUD
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Open Fire ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the effect of different types of cookstoves on firewood demand at the household level. Using nationally representative household survey data from Nepal, we find that stove type significantly affects the firewood demand for household uses. Traditional mud-stove user households seem to use less firewood than the open-fire stove users. Surprisingly, households with the so-called ‘improved’ stoves seem to use more firewood than the households with mud stoves. Thus, converting traditional open-fire stoves to mud stoves may be a better conservation strategy in the short term rather than installing improved stoves, unless the technology improves. However, in the long run, making cleaner fuel more accessible to rural households is desirable to reduce indoor air pollution.

scholarly journals The Dual Threshold Limit of Financing and Formal Credit Availability with Chinese Rural Households: An Investigation Based on a Large Scale Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Qin ◽  
Ruoen Ren ◽  
Qinghai Li
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Credit Availability ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Household Survey Data

The literature on credit availability for rural households primarily focuses on the supply side, and largely ignores the demand side. This paper divided the credit process into three stages using large-scale household survey data. It also reviewed the credit process in other developing countries. A dual sample selection model was used to deal with the dual self-selection problem, which has been neglected in previous studies. This paper found that the main obstacle that farmers faced in obtaining financing was fear of applying for credit from formal financial institutions. In addition, there were significant differences in the determinants of different stages of the credit process of rural households.

scholarly journals The Influence of Poverty Alleviation Resettlement on Rural Household Livelihood Vulnerability in the Western Mountainous Areas, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Infrastructure Services

Poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR) is China’s largest-ever resettlement program and one of China’s flagship poverty alleviation initiatives. Resorting to this state-led conversation and development program, the central and provincial governments aim to lift the poor out of the poverty trap and into sustainable livelihoods, by delivering improvements in housing conditions, infrastructure services, public amenities, and living standards. Taking Ankang as an example, this study examines the PAR from the perspective of vulnerability through a household survey conducted in Ankang prefecture of Shaanxi province, China. A total of six townships in Ankang are covered, with 657 valid questionnaires collected. This study shows that there is a difference in exposure, sensitivity, and the adaptive capacity of rural households with different relocation characteristics, hence generating different livelihood vulnerabilities. The PAR generally achieves the target of livelihood vulnerability reduction. Specifically, the project-induced relocation has a significant positive effect on vulnerability, but there is a significant negative correlation between livelihood vulnerability and relocation region, relocation time, and relocation subsidy. Challenges and problems remain to be addressed for the next phases of the PAR, including diminishing the financial burden on those relocated and providing free public transportation services, carrying out community-building programs and updating the household registration institution, balancing the redistribution and sharing of farmland, furnishing assistance measures for employment searches and training in specific skills, and creating an impartial project to safeguard the non-movers from the significant negative impacts on their physical and spiritual dimensions.

scholarly journals Corruption Dynamics: The Golden Goose Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Niehaus ◽  
Sandip Sukhtankar
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Efficiency Wages ◽  
Wage Increase ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
Employment Guarantee Scheme ◽  
Total Impact

Theoretical work on disciplining corrupt agents has emphasized the role of expected future rents—for example, efficiency wages. Yet taken seriously this approach implies that illicit future rents should also deter corruption. We study this “golden goose” effect in the context of a statutory wage increase in India's employment guarantee scheme, comparing official microrecords to original household survey data to measure corruption. We estimate large golden goose effects that reduced the total impact of the wage increase on theft by roughly 64 percent. In short, rent expectations matter. (JEL D73, D82, H83, J41, K42, O17, O21)

scholarly journals Mediating Effects on Poverty Reduction in India Through Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-119
Author(s):  
A. ARULRAJ ◽  
R. RENA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Employment Guarantee

The employment opportunities in rural areas have signifi cantly decreased for the last few decades in India. Th erefore, Government of India introduced Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (MGNREGP) to create employment opportunities for ru ral people. Th e Programme is considered as a “silver bullet” for eradicating rural poverty and unemployment in India. Th e purpose of this empirical research study is to develop a new model for poverty reduction in rural India through this Programme. Th e novelty of this article is an attempt to develop an empirical research model that assists the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme when mapping the level of economics service quality and thereby enhance the same. Th is Programme provides an alternative source of livelihood, which will have an impact on reducing migration, restricting child labor, alleviating poverty, and making villages self-sustaining through productive assets creation such as road construction, cleaning up of water tanks, soil and water conservation work, etc. for which it has been considered as the largest anti-poverty programme in the world. Th e paper critically examines the implementation process of this Programme and its impact on tribal livelihoods. Th e following research methodology is used in the article: the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Th e sampling procedure used for this study is stratifi ed random sampling. Th e stratifi cation is done based on the Taluks are Kumbakonam (Th anjavur District), Keeranur (Pudukottai District) and Nagappatinam (Nagappatinam District) of Tamilnadu state of South-India for the nature of region South, East, Centre, West and North while selecting the MGNREGP Employees from each category, non-probabilistic convenience and judgmental sampling technique is used. Th e fi ndings and conclusions of the study reveal that millions of rural poor with the inclusion of new works under this Programme could able to get some employment which supports their livelihoods. Eff orts are exerted to improve more transparency and accountability in implementing this programme to ensure that the benefi ts reach out to the poor and the needy villagers. Th e regression analysis revealed that the Poverty Eradication on the various dimensions of Economic Development, infl uenced Economic Development followed by Social Development. Th e visual representation of results suggest that the relationships between the dimensions of Economic Development, Social development resulted in a signifi cant impact on the mediated factor ‘Poverty Eradication’. Th e paper suggests the policy framework for the stakeholders in eff ective implementation of the Programme.

Issues and Challenges in Implementation of MGNREGA: A Case Study from Maharashtra

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Maske
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
Employment Guarantee Scheme

National Rural Employment Grantee Act (NREGA) is one of the progressive and transformative legislation passed by Indian Parliament in the year of 2005 by UPA government for ensuring employment guarantee and livelihood security to each rural household. In year 2007 it is renamed as Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). The fundamental goal of this right based policy initiative is to provide employment guarantee and promote infrastructural development in the villages for the well-being rural household, it has also been considered as an integrated approach for rural poverty eradication and sustainable development. Since, nine years MGNREGA is being implemented in all 623 districts of the country, but it has not shown the result which had been expected and even put forward in MGNREGA objectives. Most of the evaluation studies shown that the scheme is not working properly at ground level because of its poor implementation. There are many issues and challenges are coming up in its implementation. It is observed that very few states like Andhra Pardesh, Rajasthan, etc. where programme is being implemented in successive mode. Maharashtra state is mile stone in MGREGA, the origin Of EGS scheme is a backbone of this act. In 1974, the Maharashtra state government had started Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS) and it was put into operation for entire year. At present the previous employment guarantee scheme has merged into MGNREGA guideline issued by the central government. Though the state has reach experience of EGS implementation, but the present merged MGNREGA programme is not working properly at ground level. There are many issues are coming up in its implementation process which are caused by different factors such as demand of work, identification of work site and planning, complicated administrative structure with less competent staff, delay in payment, lack of human resources. The author has made an attempt to analyze these factors based on case study of two villages, named Kashod Shivpur and Bhilkhed in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. FGD and interview schedule was used for data collection. This paper also trying to highlights if the act has implemented with spirit and commitment how it can help to regenerate the village resources to achieve the prime goals of sustainable development.

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