scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosinathi Goodman Dlamini ◽  
Albertus Kotze Basson ◽  
Rajasekhar VSR Pullabhotla
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Flocculation Activity ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Wastewater remains a global challenge. Various methods have been used in wastewater treatment, including flocculation. The aim of this study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using a polymeric bioflocculant and to evaluate its efficacy in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. A comparison between the efficiencies of the bioflocculant and iron nanoparticles was investigated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the material. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the presence of elements such as O and C that were abundant in both samples, while FT-IR studies showed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (–OH) and amine (–NH2). Fe nanoparticles showed the best flocculation activity (FA) at 0.4 mg/mL dosage as opposed to that of the bioflocculant, which displayed the highest flocculation activity at 0.8 mg/mL, and both samples were found to be cation-dependent. When evaluated for heat stability and pH stability, FeNPs were found thermostable with 86% FA at 100 °C, while an alkaline pH of 11 favored FA with 93%. The bioflocculant flocculated poorly at high temperature and was found effective mostly at a pH of 7 with over 90% FA. FeNPs effectively removed BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) in all two wastewater samples from coal mine water and Mzingazi River water. Cytotoxicity results showed both FeNPs and the bioflocculant as nontoxic at concentrations up to 50 µL.

Selective Removal of Hg2+ Ions from Water Using New Functionalized Silica Resin: Equilibrium, Thermodynamics and Kinetic Modeling Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Author(s):  
Nida Shams Jalbani Nida Shams Jalbani ◽  
Amber R Solangi Amber R Solangi ◽  
Shahabuddin Memon Shahabuddin Memon ◽  
Ranjhan Junejo Ranjhan Junejo ◽  
Asif Ali Bhatti Asif Ali Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Phenomenon ◽  
Column Adsorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In current study, the diphenylaminomethylcalix[4]arene (3) was synthesized and immobilized onto silica surface to prepare a selective, regenerable and stable resin-4. The synthesized resin-4 has been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. To check the adsorption capacity of resin-4, the batch and column adsorption methodology were applied and it has observed that the resin-4 was selectively removed Hg2+ ions under the optimized parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at pH 9 using 25 mg/L of resin-4. Under the optimal conditions, different equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic models were applied to experimental data. The results show that adsorption mechanism is chemical in nature following Langmuir model with good correlation coefficient (R2=0.999) and having 712.098 (mmol/g) adsorption capacity. The energy of calculated from D-R model suggests the ion exchange nature of the adsorption phenomenon. Dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted using Thomas model. The maximum solid phase concentration (qo) was 7.5 and rate constant was found to be 0.176 with (R2=0.938) for Hg2+ ions. The kinetic study describes that the adsorption mechanism follows pseudo second order (R2=0.999). The thermodynamic parameters such as ∆H (0.032 KJ/mol) and ∆S (0.127 KJ/mol /K) and ∆G (-5.747,-6.306, -7.027 KJ/mol) shows that the adsorption of Hg2+ ion is endothermic and spontaneous. The reusability of resin-4 was also checked and it has observed that the after 15 cycle only 1.2 % adsorption reduces. Moreover, the resin-4 was applied on real wastewater samples obtained from local industrial zone of Karachi, Sindh-Pakistan.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Oleaginous Fungal Strains (Mucor circinelloides and Trichoderma reesei) for Effective Wastewater Treatment and Bio-Oil Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshuman Bhanja ◽  
Gauri Minde ◽  
Sandip Magdum ◽  
V. Kalyanraman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Biological wastewater treatment typically requires the use of bacteria for degradation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous compounds present in wastewater. The high lipid containing biomass can be used to extract oil and the contents can be termed as bio-oil (or biodiesel or myco-diesel after transesterification). The separate experiments were conducted on actual wastewater samples with 5% v/v inoculum of Mucor circinelloides MTCC1297 and Trichoderma reesei NCIM992 strains. The observed reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 88.72% and 86.75% in 96 hrs and the observed substrate based biomass yields were 0.21 mg VSS/mg COD and 0.22 mg VSS/mg COD for M. circinelloides reactor and for T. reesei reactor, respectively. The resulted bio-oil production from wastewater treatment by M. circinelloides and T. reesei reactors was 142.2 mg/L and 74.1 mg/L, whereas biomass containing bio-oil contents (%w/w) were 22.11% and 9.82%, respectively. In this experiment, the fungal wastewater treatment was also compared with conventional bacterial process with respect to specific growth rate, biomass production, and oil content. This study suggests that wastewater can be used as a potential feedstock for bio-oil production with the use of oleaginous fungal strains and which could be a possible route of waste to energy.

The Effect of Inoculum in the Preparation of Fermented Tapioca for Nanotechnology Applications Based on FT-IR Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 667 ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
M.Z. Nuraini ◽  
S. Aishah ◽  
S.F. Nik ◽  
Mohamad Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Fermented tapioca which is a new starting material was used as a carbon precursor. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were deposited on silicon wafer (Si) by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (TCVD). The gas flow of Argon (Ar) was constant at 70 bubbles per minute and 20 minutes of deposition time. Before the deposition process, silicon was coated with Nickel using spin coater. Various parameters such as amount of inoculums have been studied. Chemical functional groups of carbon nanotubes were characterized using FT-IR Spectroscopy. The FT-IR result shows peaks attributed to multi–walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) vibration modes.

scholarly journals Analisis Air Limbah Pada Dapur Praktek di Politeknik Pariwisata Makassar

LaGeografia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Muhammad Musawantoro ◽  
Mustifa Shafany
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Wastewater Samples

The importance of research is to provide a description of wastewater content in Makassar polytechnics in the kitchen, through  experimental research methods, by taking wastewater samples from practical kitchens, laboratory test results provide results data obtained from chemical Oxygen Demand supply, wastewater discharged directly into sewers Will not meet the requirements for wastewater quality standards. The wastewater treatment model in polytechnics is still not feasible and is not environmentally friendly, steps need to be taken to make wastewater installations.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of organoclay modified with cetylpyridinium chloride

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Banik ◽  
SA Jahan ◽  
S Mostofa ◽  
H Kabir ◽  
N Sharmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Bentonite has been subjected to modification through ion-exchange reaction by 1-cetylpyridinum chloride. The modified samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The basal spacing of unmodified bentonite, determined by XRD was 14.99 Å and after modification it increased up to 16.97 Å and 16.22 Å at 1CEC and 2CEC. The FT-IR studies revealed structural differences between the modified and unmodified bentonite samples. The IR spectra of the modified bentonite showed the C-C stretching bands (1465 and 1462 cm-1) and C-H vibrations (near 2926 and 2852; 2854 cm-1). Results of the SEM study revealed a tendency towards lump formation and agglomeration of the organomodified clay particles of bentonite. The possibility of the use of new organoclay to adsorb oils from aqueous solution will be explored.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(1), 65-70, 2015

scholarly journals Optimization of Fe@Cu Core–Shell Nanoparticle Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Dye Removal and Wastewater Treatment

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosinathi Goodman Dlamini ◽  
Albertus Kotze Basson ◽  
Shandu Jabulani Siyabonga Emmanuel ◽  
Viswanadha Srirama Rajasekhar Pullabhotla
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
Flocculation Activity ◽  
Core Shell Nanoparticles

Green synthesis of core–shell nanoparticles is gaining importance nowadays as it is viewed as being environmental friendly and cost effective. The present study aimed to synthesize iron@copper core–shell nanoparticles using a polysaccharide-based bioflocculant from Alcalegenis faecalis and to evaluate its efficiency in dye removal and river water and domestic wastewater treatment. The synthesized samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. To optimize the best concentration for core–shell formation, different ratios of iron to copper were prepared. Sample 1 (S1) contained 1:3 iron to copper (Fe 25%–Cu 75%), sample 2 (S2) contained 1:1 iron to copper (Fe 50%–Cu 50%), and the third sample (S3) contained 3:1 iron to copper (Fe 75%–Cu 25%). The flocculation activity (FA) was above 98% at 0.2 mg/mL for all the samples and the samples flocculated well under acidic, alkaline, and neutral pH conditions. Sample 3 was shown to be thermostable, with flocculation activity above 90%, and samples 2 and 1 were also thermostable, but the flocculation decreased to 87 at 100 °C. All three samples revealed some remarkable properties for staining dye removal as the removal efficiency was above 89% for all dyes tested. The synthesized core–shell nanoparticles could remove nutrients such as total nitrogen and phosphate in both domestic wastewater and Mzingazi river water. Furthermore, high removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) was also observed.

Studies on Power Generation and Wastewater Treatment Using Modified Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 823-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Mahmood Nik Azmi ◽  
Nazlee Faisal Ghazali ◽  
Ahmad Fikri ◽  
Md Abbas Ali
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Single Chamber ◽  
Wastewater Samples

A membrane-less and mediator-less system was designed and tested with wastewater sample as fuel to generate electricity. Microorganisms were first isolated from the wastewater sample to pure culture and were used as the ‘machinery’ that converts wastewater into energy. The wastewater samples were treated either by sterilization or non-sterilization methods. These tests were run using a modified air-cathode single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). By sterilizing the wastewater, the calculated power density was much lower compared to non-sterilized wastewater indicating a significant role of microbial activity in the SCMFC system and substrate availability. Furthermore, mixed culture was observed to give larger power density compared to an individual microbe (18.42 ± 5.84 mW/m2 for mixed culture and 8.82 ± 4.56 mW/m2 to 9.46 ± 4.87 mW/m2 for individual microbe, Bukholderi capecia and Acidovorax sp. respectively) to prove that larger power value could be achieved with a mixed microbial system. In addition, the system proved to remove 68.57% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater sample tested. In conclusion, the designed SCMFC has been proven capable of power generation and wastewater treatment comparable to other SCMFCs to date.

Characterization Of sic Layer Formed by C Ion Implantation ( ESR And IR Studies)

1994 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Show ◽  
T. Izumi ◽  
M. Deguchi ◽  
M. Kitabatake ◽  
T. Hirao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Region ◽  
Carbon Clusters ◽  
Dangling Bond ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Defect Centers ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Amorphous Si ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

ABSTRACTCharacterization of C ion implanted silicon layers were performed by fourier transformation infrared ( FT-IR ) spectroscopy and electron spin resonance ( ESR ) methods. Microcrystalline β-SiC including amorphous Si are formed in the Si surface region by annealing at 1200 °C following hot ( 450 °C ) implantation. The ESR analysis revealed the presence of two kinds of defect centers in SiC layer formed by implantation, i.e. Si dangling bond ( g=2.0060, ΔHpp=6 Oe) in the amorphous Si and Si dangling bond with C atom neighbors ( g=2.0032, ΔHpp=3 Oe). Heating substrate during implantation prevents the formation of carbon clusters on the Si surface.

Influence of Benzoic Acid End-Capping on Properties of Poly( Ester-Imide-Ether) Block Copolymer and its Fiber

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Si Chen ◽  
Jian Wu Lan ◽  
Si Die Wu ◽  
Shao Jian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Melt Polycondensation ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
End Capping ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

A type of benzoic acid end-capped ploy(ester-imide-ether) (PEIE) block copolymers was synthesized by melt polycondensation from polytetrahydrofuran diol (PTMG), 1,4-butanediol (BD), benzoic acid (BA) and a diacid monomer which was synthesized of trimellitic anhydride (TMA) with para aminobenzoic acid (PABA). The structures and properties of the copolymers were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy and Ubbelohde viscometer, DSC and TGA. Some properties of the copolymer fibers such as breaking strength, breaking elongation and elasticity were also measured. The result demonstrated that the adding of BA can effectively reduce the inherent viscosities of PEIE. Especially the breaking strength, elastic recovery and heat stability of the fibers are improved obviously when adding 1 % (of the multiblock copolymer weight percentage) BA end capping agent.

Study on Coking Wastewater Treatment by Fixed Bed of Metallization Pellets with High Carbon

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1942-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Feng Jiang ◽  
Su Ju Hao ◽  
Yun Han Ling
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Degradation Effect

Coking wastewater produced in the coking process is poisonous and difficult to be degraded. Coking wastewater was treated by fixed bed reactors of metallization pellets with high carbon (MPHC). In this paper, it studies the effect of removing phenols, cyanide, chemical oxygen demand（COD）and ammonia nitrogen in coking wastewater by MPHC. The results show that MPHC has good degradation effect on phenols and cyanide in coking wastewater, and the degradation rate reaches to 99.88% and 99.81% respectively; and has certain degradation effect on COD, the degradation rate is 70.61%; has poor degradation effect on ammonia nitrogen. The results of FT-IR indicate that the degradation of organic pollutants in coking wastewater by MPHC is not simply adsorption, but is removed completely.

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